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17-565: The Fischa ( German pronunciation: [ˈfɪʃa] ) is a river of Lower Austria . It is a right tributary of the Danube near the town Fischamend . Its drainage basin is 563 km (217 sq mi). This article related to a river in Austria is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Lower Austria location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lower Austria With

34-521: A land area of 19,186 km (7,408 sq mi) situated east of Upper Austria , Lower Austria is the country's largest state. Lower Austria derives its name from its downriver location on the river Enns , which flows from the west to the east. Lower Austria has an international border, 414 km (257 mi) long, with the Czech Republic ( South Bohemia and South Moravia ) and Slovakia ( Bratislava and Trnava Regions ). The state has

51-888: Is drained by the Danube. The only river that flows into the North Sea (via the Moldau and the Elbe ) is the Lainsitz in northern Waldviertel , the Erlauf river . The most important rivers north of the Danube (on its left bank) are the Ysper , Kamp , Krems , Lainsitz , March and Thaya . South of the Danube (on its right bank) are the Enns , Ybbs , Erlauf , Melk , Pielach , Traisen , Schwechat , Fischa , Schwarza , Triesting , Pitten and

68-814: Is the state with the second-lowest GDP per capita in Austria. Lower Austria is divided into four regions: Waldviertel , Mostviertel , Industrieviertel , and Weinviertel . The Wachau valley, situated between Melk and Krems in the Mostviertel region, is famous for its landscape, culture, and wine . Administratively, the state is divided into 20 districts ( Bezirke ), and four independent towns ( Statutarstädte ). In total, there are 573 municipalities within Lower Austria. 48°20′N 15°45′E  /  48.333°N 15.750°E  / 48.333; 15.750 Show cave A show cave —also called tourist cave , public cave , and, in

85-531: Is used inconsistently between nations: many countries tend to call all caves which are open to the public show caves or public caves in contrary to all other caves which are not allowed to enter. However, there are many such caves which are not developed with trails, light and tours, which are visited by very many people. This kind of cave is often called a semi-wild cave. Access may involve anything between an easy stroll and dangerous climbing . Most cave accidents happen in this kind of cave, as visitors underestimate

102-627: The Hochkarschacht , the Nixhöhle and the Ötschertropfsteinhöhle . More than 200 Neolithic people were killed during the massacre in the Linear Pottery settlement area of Schletz 7000 years ago. The history of Lower Austria is very similar to the history of Austria . Many castles are located in Lower Austria. Klosterneuburg Abbey , located here, is one of the oldest abbeys in Austria. Before World War II , Lower Austria had

119-712: The Leitha . Lower Austria is rich in natural caves ; in all 4,082 have been recorded. Most of the caves have formed in limestone and dolomite rocks and are therefore called karst caves . Cavities also form in the marble of the Central Alps and the Bohemian Massif. Among the largest caves in Lower Austria are: The last two are open as show caves , along with the Allander stalactite cave, the Unicorn Cave ,

136-761: The Waldviertel is a granite plateau. The hilly Weinviertel lies to the northeast, descends to the plains of Marchfeld in the east of the state, and is separated by the Danube from the Vienna Basin to the south, which in turn is separated from the Vienna Woods by a line of thermal springs (the Thermenlinie ) running north to south. Other mountains in Lower Austria may be found at Category:Mountains of Lower Austria . The state border with Styria runs over both passes. Almost all of Lower Austria

153-587: The United States, commercial cave —is a cave which has been made accessible to the public for guided visits. A show cave is a cave that has been made accessible to the public for guided visits, where a cave is defined as a natural occurring void beneath the surface of the earth, per the International Show Caves Association. A show cave may be managed by a government or commercial organization and made accessible to

170-741: The difficulties and dangers. The oldest known show cave in the world is probably Reed Flute Cave in China with inscriptions from 792 in the time of the Tang dynasty . Other old show caves are Postojna Cave in Slovenia , with the presumed first record of a cave tour in 1213. Other early show caves are Jasov Cave in Slovakia with inscriptions from 1452, the Sontheimer Höhle in Germany which

187-537: The first cave in the world with electric arc light. This light did not use light bulbs, but electric arc lamps with carbon electrodes, which burned down and had to be replaced after some time. The first cave in the world with electric light bulbs as we know them today was the Kraushöhle in Austria in 1883. But the light was abandoned after only seven years and then visited with carbide lamps for decades. Today

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204-558: The general public, usually for an entrance fee. Unlike wild caves, they may possess regular opening hours, guided group tours, constructed trails and stairs, color artificial illumination and other lighting, musical/video/laser shows and concerts, elevators, small trains, and boats if they contain underground water features. Some caves (mainly in Asia) open to the public have temples, monasteries and religious statues or monuments. Some caves are visited by millions of tourists annually. The term

221-542: The largest number of Jews in the country. The names Lower Austria and Upper Austria are derived from the earlier names Austria below the Enns and Austria above the Enns , references to the river Enns . Going down from its source on the northern edge of the Central Eastern Alps , the river crosses Upper Austria, then on its lower reaches forms the boundary between Upper Austria and Lower Austria. In

238-803: The mid-13th century, it became known as the Principality below the river Enns ( Fürstentum unter der Enns ). The Battle on the Marchfeld on 26 August 1278 marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the House of Habsburg in Austria and Central Europe. During the Ottoman wars in Europe , Lower Austria was the target of repeated raids by the Tatars and Ottoman Akinji mounted paramilitary units , with many people taken into slavery . Lower Austria

255-532: The second-longest external border of all Austrian states. It also borders the other Austrian states of Upper Austria , Styria and Burgenland as well as surrounding Vienna . Lower Austria is divided into four regions, known as Viertel (quarters): These regions have different geographical structures. Whilst the Mostviertel is dominated by the foothills of the Limestone Alps with mountains up to 2,000  m (AA) (6,500 ft) high, most of

272-707: Was reportedly visited by Herzog Ulrich von Württemberg on 20 May 1516 and Vilenica Cave in Slovenia where entrance fees were taken from 1633 on. In 1649, the first "authorized" cave guide started guiding Baumannshöhle in the Harz in Germany though this cave was intensively visited much earlier. The development of electric lighting enabled the illumination of show caves. Early experiments with electric light in caves were carried out by Lieutenant Edward Cracknel in 1880 at Chifley Cave , Jenolan Caves , Australia . In 1881, Sloupsko-Šošůvské Jeskyně , Czech Republic , became

289-527: Was the site of the Battles of Wagram and Aspern , fought between invading French troops under Napoleon and an Austrian army led by Archduke Charles in 1809. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the state was 61.0 billion € in 2018, accounting for 15.8% of Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 32,300 €, or 107% of the EU27 average in the same year. Lower Austria

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