65-674: Fisher Hall may refer to: Avery Fisher Hall , a concert hall in New York City Fisher Hall (Miami University) , formerly listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Butler County, Ohio Fisher Hall (San Marcos, Texas) , listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Hays County, Texas Fisher Hall (University of Notre Dame) ,
130-500: A 10-year-old Rover Mark III... when I die, I'll be seated at the wheel of the Rover, and the whole thing will be lowered into the ground. Of course, all gassed up, in case I want to go somewhere." Fisher founded the A. R. Fisher Products Corporation, offering specialty products to the auto enthusiast market. He imported aftermarket foreign auto parts and sold items such as high-performance Abarth exhaust systems for Fiats and Volkswagens in
195-491: A 2,400 seat "shoebox" design with narrowly spaced parallel sides (similar in shape to the acoustically acclaimed Symphony Hall, Boston ). Lincoln Center officials initially agreed with the recommendation, and BBN provided a series of design specifications and recommendations. However, the New York Herald Tribune began a campaign to increase the seating capacity of the new hall and late in the design stage it
260-521: A Bachelor of Science Engineering (B.Sc.Eng.) degree in 1929, and subsequently worked for six years in book publishing and book design. During this time, Fisher, an amateur violinist, began experimenting with audio design and acoustics . He wanted to make a radio that would sound like he was listening to a live orchestra — a radio that would achieve high fidelity reproduction of the original sound. Fisher explained his desire to leave publishing and move into audio design, saying, "That's how I started to make
325-672: A Fisher family member would serve on the Hall of Fame's advisory board and the Avery Fisher Classical Music Wing selection committee, helping choose inductees into the Wing, which would contain archival materials about Mr. Fisher. The agreement also promised to give the Avery Fisher Artist Program a higher profile. The agreement also provided Fisher's three children $ 15 million for consenting to
390-427: A beautiful typographical design is like listening to music." One of Fisher's most prized possessions was a genuine 1692 Stradivarius violin. He would loan the violin to promising artists for special performances. Fisher was a lifelong automobile enthusiast. As an enthusiastic driver, he said, "I began in 1932 with the purchase of an Aston Martin, and since that time, I've owned nothing but foreign cars. I still drive
455-526: A believer in awards. The reward is inside you. But the Avery Fisher Prize is a special kind of recognition, and what makes it so tremendously gratifying is that it comes from your peers who recommend you for it – who say, 'He plays well, he's done good things, and he's worthy of being an American pianist.' I don't think the aim is to advance our careers, necessarily. It's more like the Pulitzer or
520-598: A green magic eye tube, which, by creating an image of a broken green bar that slowly closed to a solid bar, assisted users in tuning to the best possible position on the dial for a given station and added to the aesthetics. The 400 is considered by many to be the best-sounding of the three models. Between 1963 and 1964, Fisher introduced their first all-transistor stereophonic receiver, the Fisher 400T. Hi-fi enthusiasts did not highly regard early transistor receivers, so manufacturers such as Fisher began using them only gradually. In
585-449: A living when I got out of college. I worked with a publishing house, Dodd, Mead and Company – to whom I owe everything when you get right down to it. I worked at Dodd, Mead & Co. for the single most cruel person I have ever met in my lifetime – and I'm not exaggerating. This man was only a year older than I. He was the boss's son, and I think he sensed my apprehension about having a job at all. I went to work there in 1933, having been in
650-499: A major name on a great New York jewel." Fisher's three children agreed to the deal for $ 15 million. In September 2015, Geffen donated $ 100 million for the Hall's renovation, and the Hall was renamed for him. Geffen's donation of $ 100 million was seen as a jump-start for the planned renovation, but on October 3, 2017, the Philharmonic announced that existing renovation plans for the Hall had been scrapped. In December 2019, it
715-422: A new donor, Fisher's family threatened legal action. When Fisher set forth the conditions of his donation regarding the renaming of the venue in 1973, he stipulated the name Avery Fisher Hall "will appear on tickets, brochures, program announcements and advertisements and the like, and I consent in perpetuity to such use." During the negotiations with the Fisher family, Lincoln Center began renovating some portions of
SECTION 10
#1732791891186780-578: A part of the Russian Empire . Fisher said he became fascinated with music through his father's extensive collection of early phonograph cylinder recordings and that everyone in the family had to learn to play a musical instrument. "I was born into a musical family. Every one of my parents' children was given an opportunity to learn an instrument. Papa would go down the line: violin , piano , violin, piano, violin". He attended DeWitt Clinton High School , graduated from New York University with
845-477: A radio and amplifying device that could meet his goal of true high fidelity became a reality. In one of the earliest comparison tests of six FM receivers, Consumers Union gave the Philharmonic Futura K-1 its highest recommendation, saying "its performance on broadcast was outstanding." The November 1941 review of the $ 377.50 (equivalent to $ 7,830 in 2023) unit also said, "It also used one of
910-530: A residential hall See also [ edit ] Fisher House (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Fisher Hall . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fisher_Hall&oldid=1023093256 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
975-654: A year. I went to my superior, Ed Dodd, and told him about it. He said, "That's a great idea, Fisher." He never called me by my first name – always by my last, you know, like a deckhand. He said, "I think I'll do something about it." And they did. And I said, "By the way, I'd be very grateful if I could have a five-dollar raise." He could have said, "Well, not right now." But instead, he said, "Well, no. We probably could get some young Yale boy in here to do your work for less than we're paying you." That day, I said to myself, "I've got to get out of here one way or another," and I started putting [radio-phonograph] sets together for friends. I
1040-563: Is Identification, Friend or Foe. It was a transponder, so you could tell whether an aircraft was one of ours or one of theirs. You'd send out a beam, and you had to get a signal reply back. We also designed the first instrument landing system used at LaGuardia Airport for the Civil Aeronautics Administration in Washington. In 1943, we didn't have enough money to finance the contract work we were able to get, so
1105-620: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Architectural disambiguation pages Avery Fisher Hall David Geffen Hall is a concert hall at Lincoln Center on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. The 2,200-seat auditorium opened in 1962, and is the home of the New York Philharmonic . The facility, designed by Max Abramovitz ,
1170-432: Is large (around 2,600 seats) and the sidewalls are too far apart to provide early reflections to the center seats. The ceiling is high to increase reverberation time but the clouds are too high to reinforce early reflections adequately. The bass is weak because the very large stage does not adequately reinforce the low string instruments. In December 1977, High Fidelity magazine published an article that stated members of
1235-497: Is one of the world's largest academic media centers. "His generous contribution to NYU has helped to make the Avery Fisher Center one of the largest academic media centers in the world." The Center is located on seventh floor of NYU's Bobst Library. The Fisher Center's video collection of DVDs, Blu-rays, and videocassettes contains a wide variety of classic and contemporary featuring American videos and those from around
1300-412: Is the plan to do it." Diamond Schmitt was appointed Design and Executive Architect and led the complete redesign of the hall's new concert theater and overall masterplan; with Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects guiding the design of the public spaces. The new design includes a more compact hall, open social areas with bars, and video walls for live streaming performances and other events. Plans for
1365-633: The Emerson Electric Company for US $ 31 million. Fisher distributed a sizable portion of the proceeds from the sale among his key employees. Fisher served as a consultant to the new management team. Sanyo purchased Fisher Electronics from Emerson in May 1977. A lifelong philanthropist , Fisher served on the board of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, the New York Philharmonic , Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center , and
SECTION 20
#17327918911861430-921: The London Symphony Orchestra , the Singapore Symphony Orchestra , the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra , and the Kirov Orchestra of the Mariinsky Theatre. The PBS series Live from Lincoln Center also features performances from the Hall. Composer Samuel Barber was commissioned to write his Piano Concerto for the opening of the venue, and the work was premiered at the inaugural concert on September 24, 1962 with pianist John Browning . An early television concert from Philharmonic Hall featured Leonard Bernstein and
1495-633: The Marlboro Festival . He also established the Avery Fisher Artist Program, which includes the Avery Fisher Prize and Career Grants in 1974. It was Avery's idea to start this program in 1974. Avery Fisher Artist Prize winner Emanuel Ax said of the prize "One problem musicians face, is that we are constantly being judged. I've tried to learn not to rely on outside opinion, because if you do, you can go mad, and you can end up unable to trust your own judgment. I'm also generally not
1560-550: The $ 550 million renovation of David Geffen Hall, from 2020 to 2022, was to improve the acoustics in the main concert hall. According to Zachary Woolfe of The New York Times , the renovation substantially improved the acoustics, but some significant acoustical problems remained. David Geffen Hall is used today for many events, both musical and non-musical. As part of its Great Performers series, Lincoln Center presents visiting orchestras in David Geffen Hall, such as
1625-471: The 1960s, Fisher made two trend-setting breakthroughs, marketing the first all-transistor (solid-state) amplifier and the first receiver-phonograph combination, the forerunner of the compact stereo and integrated component system. These products brought Avery Fisher both fame and fortune. From 1959 to 1961, the firm also made important improvements in AM - FM stereo tuner design. In 1969, Fisher sold his company to
1690-534: The Avery Fisher Center. Fisher was known for having donated $ 10.5 million (U.S.) (equivalent to $ 72,067,466 in 2023) to renovate the Philharmonic Hall auditorium in the Lincoln Center cultural complex in upper Manhattan . Fisher had a reputation for modesty and resisted the hall being named in his honor. John Mazzola, the general manager of Lincoln Center, had to persuade Fisher to permit
1755-762: The Electrical division of the National Museum of American History. The amplified "Philharmonic Futura" tuner assembly was deemed the "nation's first high-fidelity (audio) receiver". A US government order suspended the production of radios for civilian use in April 1942. Reformed as the Philharmonic Radio Corporation, the company started producing military radio equipment and manufacturing the SSR-5A radio receiver during World War II for
1820-565: The Fisher MPX-200, required four additional tubes) Between 1964 and 1968, Fisher produced a series of tube stereo receivers that are considered by many to be among the finest ever made. Starting with the 500c (which debuted in the mid $ 300, a hefty sum in 1964) and, paradoxically, ending with the 400, tens of thousands of these units were produced. These have become collector's items, beloved for their sound, build quality, FM tuner and phono stages, and beautiful appearance. The 400 included
1885-426: The Hall in favor of a new donor. On November 13, 2014, they laid out a timetable for naming rights to be sold to the highest bidder in a drive to raise a total of $ 500 million toward renovation set to commence in 2019. Said Lincoln Center chairwoman Katherine Farley , "It will be an opportunity for a major name on a great New York jewel." When Lincoln Center first approached them about renaming Avery Fisher Hall after
1950-501: The Hall through June 13, 2021. On October 3, 2022, the main concert hall was renamed the Wu Tsai Theater in honor of a $ 50 million donation from Joseph Tsai and Clara Wu Tsai . The hall reopened on October 8, 2022, following a $ 550 million renovation. Architects hired the acoustical consulting division of Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) to design the original interior acoustics for the hall. Their acousticians recommended
2015-611: The Hall. In 2015, the Hall acquired its present name after David Geffen donated $ 100 million to the Lincoln Center. The Hall underwent extensive renovations in 1976, to address acoustical problems that had been present since its opening. Another, smaller renovation attempted to address still-unresolved problems in 1992. Both projects achieved limited success. Lincoln Center invited nine architects to submit plans for Avery Fisher Hall's renovation in 2002, selecting three architecture firms as finalists that June. In May 2004,
Fisher Hall - Misplaced Pages Continue
2080-407: The Lincoln Center complex, leaving Avery Fisher Hall untouched. After three months of negotiation, Fisher's children agreed to end the perpetual agreement that their father had established. Lincoln Center agreed to induct Fisher into the new Lincoln Center Hall of Fame meant to "celebrate artists, leaders and philanthropists who have played central roles at Lincoln Center". It was further agreed that
2145-521: The New York Philharmonic in one of their Young People's Concerts . It was the first of many concerts televised from Philharmonic Hall, which had been previously televised from Carnegie Hall beginning in 1958. The 1962 program concentrated on concert hall acoustics, and, like the opening night concert, was shown over the CBS television network. It was entitled "The Sound of a Hall". It was
2210-442: The New York Philharmonic, and a host of operatic stars such as Eileen Farrell and Robert Merrill , was televised live on CBS . The opening week of concerts included performances by a specially invited list of guest orchestras (Boston, Philadelphia, and Cleveland), who regularly appeared at Carnegie Hall each season, as well as the new hall's resident ensemble. Several reporters panned the hall, while at least two conductors praised
2275-709: The Nobel Prizes in that it acknowledges that you've achieved something worthwhile." The Avery Fisher Center for Music & Media (originally named the "Avery Fisher Listening Room") at the Elmer Holmes Bobst Library of New York University was established in 1987 with assistance from the Avery and Janet Fisher Foundation. Fisher explained the reason for his donation to the New York University Division of Libraries, saying, "I
2340-559: The Philharmonic Radio Company and Fisher Electronics , and a philanthropist who donated millions of dollars to arts organizations and universities. Avery Fisher was born in Brooklyn , New York , the youngest of Charles (Anschel) (1868-1946) and Mary (Miriam) (née Byrach) (1869-1945) Fisher's six children. He came from a Jewish family. His parents had emigrated in 1903 (three years before his birth) from Kyiv, then
2405-470: The Philharmonic disliked the sound so much they referred to the venue as "A Very Fishy Hall." In 1992, under the tenure of Kurt Masur with the New York Philharmonic, several solid maple wood convex surfaces were installed on the side walls and suspended from the ceiling of the stage to improve acoustics. The maple was specially selected to minimize its grain pattern. The new components are filled with fiberglass to deaden vibrations. The ongoing problems with
2470-713: The US and Allied forces. Part of the SSTR-5 (Strategic Service Transmitter-Receiver) Radio Set developed late in the war was considerably smaller than the SSTR-1 and was carried in a canvas shoulder bag. Components included the SSR-5 receiver and the SST-5 transmitter. The set was designed to be operated from battery power (the receiver uses 135V, 6V, and 1.5V). In addition to a standard model, both "A" and "B" variants were made. The SSR-5A receiver
2535-417: The acoustics. While the initial intention had been that Philharmonic Hall would replace Carnegie Hall, which could then be demolished, that did not happen. Management made several attempts to remedy the induced acoustical problems, with little success, leading to a substantial 1970s renovation designed by acoustician Cyril Harris in conjunction with project architect Philip Johnson . It included demolishing
2600-406: The advertising agency that handled their account before that. That agency closed when the banks closed in 1933, and I was out of work for about six months. In the fall of that year, I went to Dodd, Mead asking if they could use my services, and they hired me for $ 18 a week. After about six months, perhaps out of guilt or something, they gave me a two-dollar raise. I was doing the same work there that I
2665-744: The agreement. The Hall was renamed David Geffen Hall in September 2015 after Geffen pledged a $ 100 million donation to the Lincoln Center renovation. Though he left publishing in 1943, he said book design was "my first love." He still designed books long after he had made a fortune in audio. For example, he designed "A History of the English-Speaking Peoples" by Winston Churchill (1960) and "The American Seasons" by Edwin Way Teale (1976). He donated his fees for those projects to charities. Fisher told an interviewer in 1976, "Looking at
Fisher Hall - Misplaced Pages Continue
2730-701: The beginnings of a business." In 1937 Fisher established his first company, the Philharmonic Radio Company with Victor Brociner, producing the company's first high-fidelity radio receivers. Philharmonic Radio equipment was well regarded, earning Fisher the beginning of his reputation as a leader in audio equipment. A January 1940 Consumers Union comparison test of high fidelity radio-phonograph recommended Philharmonic's $ 295 (equivalent to $ 6,416 in 2023) 14-tube Linear Standard console unit, saying "Quality of reproduction judged best of high fidelity radios tested. For critical listeners who want
2795-599: The best possible tone quality regardless of price, the extra cost of this model is justified." The second unit recommended was the $ 219 (equivalent to $ 4,763 in 2023) Philharmonic Futura Carillon. "Difference in quality of reproduction between this model and the Linear Standard discernible only to the musician or engineer... the tone quality of this set will be considered perfect. With the invention of FM broadcasting by Edwin Armstrong , Fisher's desire to have
2860-417: The books I turned out was called Grassroot Jungles, which became one of the 50 best books of the year for graphic design—this is out of 40,000 titles—and Ed Dodd never let me put my name in a book for credit as the designer. Now, this is a long answer to your simple question: what got me into hi-fi? It was an act of desperation—and also of love because I really enjoyed hearing good equipment." Fisher explained
2925-475: The building was to be left intact, and work was to focus on improving the hall's acoustics, modernizing patron amenities, and reconfiguring the auditorium. On November 13, 2014, Lincoln Center officials announced their intention to remove Avery Fisher's name from the Hall and sell naming rights to the highest bidder as part of a $ 500 million fundraising campaign for its refurbishment. Lincoln Center chairwoman Katherine Farley said, "It will be an opportunity for
2990-481: The company was sold to American Type Founders , who needed an electronic division. I stayed on as president until 1945, but when the war was over, I resigned and, taking certain key people with me, started Fisher Radio". Fisher sold his interest in Philharmonic Radio and founded his second audio firm, Fisher Radio Company , which developed, manufactured and marketed high-performance audio products under
3055-478: The hall's acoustics eventually led the New York Philharmonic to consider a merger with Carnegie Hall in 2003, which would have returned the Philharmonic to Carnegie Hall for most of its concerts each season. However, both sides abandoned talks after four months. In 2005 and 2006, the Mostly Mozart Festival experimented with extending the front of stage to improve acoustics. A major goal of
3120-413: The hall's interior, selling its pipe organ to California's Crystal Cathedral , and rebuilding a new auditorium within the outer framework and facade. While initial reaction to the improvements was favorable and some advocates remained steadfast, overall feelings about the new hall's sound soured and acoustics there continued to be problematic. One assessment by Robert C. Ehle stated: The seating capacity
3185-531: The hall's renovation were accelerated after Lincoln Center closed in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City . In mid-2020, Borda announced that because of pandemic-related cancellations of performances, Lincoln Center would commence preliminary renovation work on the Hall before the Philharmonic's planned return to performances on January 6, The orchestra later canceled all scheduled performances at
3250-624: The main venue for the first New York Film Festival in 1963 and is still a festival venue. A February 12, 1964 performance by Miles Davis at Philharmonic Hall to benefit the Mississippi Freedom Summer was released on two albums, My Funny Valentine and Four & More . Bob Dylan performed at Philharmonic Hall on October 31, 1964. The concert was released as The Bootleg Series Vol. 6: Bob Dylan Live 1964, Concert at Philharmonic Hall in 2004. The Supremes performed there on October 15, 1965. The iconic poster for
3315-472: The most satisfactory of the record changers tested and was best as to tone quality." The review also noted the unit was safer than others, saying, "Only radio tested with no shock hazard at record player." In 1960, Fisher's circa 1937 "Philharmonic Futura" high-fidelity tuner with power supply and his "Philharmonic Futura" high-fidelity automatic turntable were acquired by the Smithsonian and displayed in
SECTION 50
#17327918911863380-404: The orchestra announced that the building would undergo renovations in 2009. Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank , was hired in 2005 to design a renovation of the Hall, but he later resigned from the project. In June 2006, The New York Times reported that the construction had been delayed until the summer of 2010. By 2012, the project's start date had been postponed to 2017. The shell of
3445-593: The renaming. Fisher protested that no one paid attention to such things and quipped, "Who's Major Deegan ?" (a reference to the obscure namesake of the Major Deegan Expressway in the Bronx). Avery Fisher Hall housed the New York Philharmonic and was the site of various other musical and cultural events featuring many musical ensembles. The hall was named for Fisher in 1973. In 2014, Lincoln Center officials announced their plan to remove his name from
3510-636: The show was designed by Joe Eula . Simon & Garfunkel recorded their live album Live from New York City, 1967 here on January 22, 1967. In 1995, the star-studded charity show The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True was staged. The show, which starred Jewel , Jackson Browne , Roger Daltrey , and Nathan Lane as the principal characters from the 1939 film, benefited the Children's Defense Fund , and aired subsequently on TNT , TBS , PBS , and VH-1 . The hall hosted
3575-409: The start of his career in high-fidelity audio, saying, "...I was developing my hobby in hi-fi, and a number of friends asked me to make for them the kind of equipment I was constructing for my own home, the sort of thing that was not commercially available, the type of thing found in radio stations or movie theaters. And so I started constructing for this small group of people, and before I knew it, I had
3640-620: The trade name " The Fisher ". By the 1950s, the term receiver was used instead of radio for a unit that combined a tuner and an amplifier but lacked speakers. In 1957, the Fisher Radio Company produced its first high-fidelity FM/AM receiver, the monophonic 14-tube Fisher 500 (TA500). In 1958, H. H. Scott introduced the first true stereophonic receiver, which used a stereo multiplex decoder. Fisher followed with its $ 350 (equivalent to $ 3,658 in 2023), 22-tube, stereophonic 600 (TA600) receiver in 1959. (A multiplex option,
3705-475: The world premiere of Steven Spielberg 's film War Horse on December 4, 2011 and the North American premiere of Bradley Cooper 's Maestro , a Leonard Bernstein biopic . Notes Sources Avery Fisher#Avery Fisher Hall renaming Avery Robert Fisher (March 4, 1906 – February 26, 1994) was an amateur violinist, a pioneer in the field of high fidelity sound reproduction , founder of
3770-461: The world. TV series, stage and concert performances, documentaries, and art films are included in the library collection. The Avery Fisher Center's facilities include collaborative media rooms and a "state-of-the-art immersion" room. One of the world's largest academic media centers, it features over 100 audio and video viewing carrels and three media-enhanced classrooms. Students and researchers use more than 100,000 audio and video recordings per year at
3835-447: Was moonlighting , and I did that for a number of years before I was in a position to get out and really spend full time on this. By 1943, I'd built up my company, Philharmonic Radio, to the point where I could draw enough money from it to earn a living. By that time, I had a wife and child. So I owe them [Dodd, Mead] everything. Because I really loved my work as a book designer, and I turned out some very fine stuff, which won prizes. One of
3900-448: Was a graduate of N.Y.U.," he said, "and I owe a great deal to them because I was there on a working scholarship." Later gifts from the Fisher family helped the Avery Fisher Center acquire new equipment in 2017 during renovation designed by the architectural firm Perkins Eastman and managed by the R.P. Brennan general contracting firm of New York, NY. The Avery Fisher Center for Music and Media, an 8-library, six-million-volume system,
3965-436: Was announced that the plans to renovate the Hall would finally proceed, with construction beginning in 2022. The work included acoustically and aesthetically redesigning it, removing over 500 seats, adding balcony seating wrapping around the entire stage, and making the stage tiered and moving it farther forward. Deborah Borda , the president of the New York Philharmonic, said, "We have to do it right this time, and this, I think,
SECTION 60
#17327918911864030-527: Was doing for them at the agency, and the agency used to charge them $ 100 to design a [promotional] brochure. I used to turn out two or three of those a week, and I still was getting only $ 18 or $ 20." Fisher continued, "In 1937, I noticed that the advertising department of Dodd, Mead was buying their photo-engravings from one source, and their book manufacturing department was buying from another. If they combined both those purchases and bought from one source, their quantity discount would save them just under $ 10,000
4095-418: Was expanded to accommodate the critics' desires, invalidating much of BBN's acoustical work. BBN engineers told Lincoln Center management the hall would sound different from their initial intent, but they could not predict what the changes would do. The first of Lincoln Center's buildings to be completed, Philharmonic Hall opened September 23, 1962, to mixed reviews. The concert, featuring Leonard Bernstein ,
4160-608: Was made by Philharmonic. Philharmonic Radio also produced airport instrument landing systems for control tower communication with commercial and military airplanes. One of their largest installations was deployed at the New York Municipal Airport, now named the LaGuardia Airport . Fisher said, "During the war, we were working on subcontracts for the Navy. We were turning out ' IFF ' equipment, which
4225-409: Was originally named Philharmonic Hall and was renamed Avery Fisher Hall in honor of philanthropist Avery Fisher , who donated $ 10.5 million ($ 72 million today) to the orchestra in 1973. In November 2014, Lincoln Center officials announced Fisher's name would be removed from the Hall so that naming rights could be sold to the highest bidder as part of a $ 500 million fund-raising campaign to refurbish
#185814