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70-399: The personification of a nation as a woman was widespread in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe. The earliest image of Iceland personified as a woman seems to have appeared first in association with the poem Ofsjónir við jarðarför Lovísu drottningar 1752 ('Visions at the funeral of Queen Louise , 1752') by Eggert Ólafsson (1752), but this image does not survive. The word fjallkonan

140-657: A child of the sovereign, Louise was granted use of the arms of the realm without the inescutcheon containing the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire , differenced by a label argent of three points, each bearing torteaux gules . Electorate of Hanover The Electorate of Hanover ( German : Kurfürstentum Hannover or simply Kurhannover ) was an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire located in northwestern Germany that arose from

210-508: A few months on 14 September. On 19 October, the 18 year old Princess Louise left London and began her journey towards Copenhagen. The Lord Chamberlain ordered the provision of supplies for the Princess, including "sets of royal bedding, portmanteaus, a travelling tea equipage, and items for Mrs. Dives and the "Fubbs" yacht: all to an estimate of £503". She first sailed aboard the royal yacht HMY Fubbs to her father's German possession,

280-570: A foreign princess, unless it was with an English princess, none of whom were available at the time, a new marriage for the king was arranged by Count Adam Gottlob von Moltke, who thought it best that the king remarry as soon as possible. Thus, the king's second marriage took place at the chapel of Fredensborg Palace on 8 July 1752 to Frederick the Great of Prussia's sister-in-law Duchess Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , daughter of Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel . The marriage

350-454: A good temper and is known for her piety and excellent qualities. She finds pleasure in reading and music, she plays the clavichord well and teaches her daughters to sing. Her effort to speak the Danish language, including with her children, was much appreciated, as the royal Danish court spoke mostly German. The Dano-Norwegian writer Ludvig Holberg thus wrote in one of his epistles : It

420-573: A large aristocratic townhouse in Westminster , where a rival court grew up, and which became a frequent meeting place for his father's political opponents. It was here that Louise was born. She was baptised "Louisa" at Leicester House on 22 December. Her godparents were her elder sister and two cousins: Princess Amelia of Great Britain , Princess Louisa Ulrika of Prussia (for whom Sarah Lennox, Duchess of Richmond and Lennox , stood proxy), and Frederick, Prince Royal of Prussia , later Frederick

490-485: A marriage alliance. The Danish government was in favor of the proposal, while Frederick's father, King Christian VI , was initially reluctant. But he was convinced, as he hoped the marriage would lead to British support for his, or his son's, claim to the throne of Sweden. On a more personal level, there were hopes that marriage would suppress the frequent drinking and debauched behaviour of the Crown Prince. As for

560-401: A pinched umbilical hernia while pregnant with her sixth child. The court surgeon operated on her but could not save her life, nor that of her unborn child. She died at Christiansborg Palace on 19 December 1751, the day after her 27th birthday, after 8 years of marriage and after just 5 years as queen. The news of the popular queen's death was met with dismay at court and sincere mourning among

630-528: A sign of the new times, the heavy iron chains that had previously surrounded Christiansborg to keep the people at distance disappeared, court life regained its luster, and the palace's halls and salons once again became the setting for balls and social gatherings. Queen Louise was very popular in Denmark, and the great popularity of the royal couple has been attributed to Louise. Louise had a vivacious personality, allowing her to socialise easily with others. She

700-509: A woman to play the role of the Lady of the Mountain during the national holiday celebrations (17 June). The woman chosen for the role will typically be a well-known actress or an otherwise notable individual, she is dressed in skautbúningur (the national costume) and presents herself to read a single poem. The idea of the Lady of the Mountain as motherland was a counterweight to the idea of

770-515: Is attested for the first time in the poem Eldgamla Ísafold by Bjarni Thorarensen from the first decade of the nineteenth century. From that moment onwards the Lady of the Mountain became a well-known symbol in Icelandic poetry. An image of Lady of the Mountain was published in the last volume of an English translation of Icelandic folk-tales by Eiríkur Magnússon and G. E. J. Powell , Icelandic Legends, Collected by Jón Arnason (1864–66). It

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840-536: Is impossible to describe with what sincere Pleasure a common man hears Her Majesty, though an English Princess, to speak Danish with the Royal Children. Interested in music, dance and theatre, she arranged in 1747 for the Italian opera company of Pietro Mingotti to be invited to Copenhagen, where they performed opera and ballet for the court at Charlottenborg Palace until 1750. Its members included

910-596: Is the German poet Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock , who felt great devotion and esteem for Queen Louise; he was deeply moved by her hardships and early death and vented his own and the people's feelings in the ode An den König (later called Die Königin Luise ) from 1752. Compared to this ideal, the following queens, both her husband's second wife Juliana Maria and her niece and later daughter-in-law Caroline Matilda , were so much more harshly judged. On 30 August 1727, as

980-453: Is the work of the German painter Johann Baptist Zwecker , who drew it to specifications provided by Eiríkur. Eiríkur described the picture in a letter to Jón Sigurðsson (11 April 1866) thus: Also very popular is the image designed by Benedikt Gröndal on a memorial card of the national holiday in 1874. Since the establishment of the Icelandic republic in 1944 it has been traditional for

1050-529: The Saxon Steed (German: Sachsenross, Niedersachsenross, Welfenross, Westfalenpferd ; Dutch : Twentse Ros / Saksische ros/paard ; Low Saxon : Witte Peerd ) is a heraldic motif associated with the German provinces of Lower Saxony and Westphalia , and the Dutch region of Twente as the electorate covered large portions of the original stem Duchy of Saxony . The electorate comprised large parts of

1120-667: The British Army , supported by troops from Prussia, Hesse-Kassel and the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , again expelled the occupants. Hanover remained unaffected for the rest of the war. After the war ended, peace prevailed until the French Revolutionary Wars started. The War of the First Coalition against France (1792–1797) with Great Britain, Hanover and other war allies forming

1190-607: The Continental System , the French Empire annexed in late 1810 all of the continental North Sea coast (as far as Denmark) and the areas along the sections of the rivers navigable for seagoing vessels, including Bremen-Verden and Saxe-Lauenburg and some adjacent territories of Hanover proper. The government of George III did not recognise the French annexation, however, and was at war continuously with France for

1260-576: The Electorate of Hanover , where on 10 November a proxy wedding ceremony was conducted in Hanover with her brother, the Duke of Cumberland , as the representative of the groom. After this, the entourages of Louise and Frederick met in the border city of Altona in the then Danish Duchy of Holstein , where Louise met her husband for the first time a week after the wedding. There her English retinue

1330-694: The French Empire , since 1804 France's new government, ceded Hanover, which it no longer held, to Prussia, which captured it in early 1806. On 6 August 1806, the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved, thereby abolishing the function of prince-electors electing its emperors. After Prussia had turned against France in the War of the Fourth Coalition , it was defeated in the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt (11 November 1806), and France recaptured Hanover. Following

1400-535: The French invaded Hanover and defeated George II's son Prince William, Duke of Cumberland , leading the Anglo-Hanoverian army , at the Battle of Hastenbeck and drove him and his army into remote Bremen-Verden, where in the former Zeven Convent  [ de ] he capitulated on 18 September ( Convention of Kloster-Zeven ). George II did not recognise the convention, however. The following year,

1470-796: The German Chancery , situated in St James's Palace in London. During the French and Indian War (1754–1763) in the North American colonies, Britain feared a French invasion of Hanover. George II formed an alliance with his Prussian cousin Frederick II combining the North American conflict with the Brandenburg-Prusso–Austrian Third Silesian, or Seven Years' War (1756–1763). In the summer of 1757,

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1540-575: The House of Hanover since 1662. After Britain, this time without any allies, had declared war on France (18 May 1803), French troops invaded Hanover on 26 May . According to the Convention of Artlenburg (5 July 1803), confirming the military defeat of Hanover, the Hanoverian Army was disarmed, and its horses and ammunitions were handed over to the French. The Privy Council of Hanover, with

1610-745: The House of Welf . The Principality of Calenberg , ruled by a cadet branch of the family, emerged as the largest and most powerful of the Brunswick-Lüneburg states. In 1692, the Holy Roman Emperor elevated the Prince of Calenberg to the College of Electors , creating the new Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The fortunes of the electorate were tied to those of Great Britain by the Act of Settlement 1701 and Act of Union 1707 , which settled

1680-873: The Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 , which changed the Habsburgs' inheritance law. It took George II Augustus until 1733 to persuade Charles VI to enfeoff him also with the Duchy of Bremen and the Principality of Verden, colloquially called Duchies of Bremen-Verden. At both enfeoffments, George II Augustus swore that he would respect the existing privileges and constitutions of the estates in Bremen-Verden and in Hadeln, thus confirming 400-year-old traditions of estate participation in government. In Hanover ,

1750-494: The Principality of Calenberg . Although formally known as the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( German : Kurfürstentum Braunschweig-Lüneburg ), it made Hanover its capital city. For most of its existence, the electorate was ruled in personal union with Great Britain and Ireland following the Hanoverian Succession . The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg had been split in 1269 between different branches of

1820-484: The Treaty of Tilsit in 1807, the new Kingdom of Westphalia was founded, ruled by Napoléon's brother Jérôme Bonaparte , then including territories of the former Electorate of Hesse-Kassel , the ducal Brunswick-Lüneburgian principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and formerly Prussian territories. In early 1810 Hanover proper and Bremen-Verden but not Saxe-Lauenburg were also annexed by Westphalia. In an attempt to assert

1890-676: The composer Christoph Willibald Gluck , who stayed with the Danish court from 1748 to 1749. At the occasion of the Queen's birth of an heir to the throne, Crown Prince Christian , he composed the opera La Contesa dei Numi ("The Contention of the Gods"), in which the Olympian Gods gather at the banks of the Great Belt and discuss who in particular should protect the new prince. It was first performed on 12 March 1749 at Charlottenborg on

1960-523: The 'older set', born in Hanover, whom King George I had separated from their parents in 1717. Her favorite sister was Princess Mary , who later married Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel ; The future marriages of the two sisters would become a basis for the many dynastic marriages between the Danish royal family and the House of Hesse-Kassel in the following generations. On 11 June 1727, when Louise

2030-403: The Crown Prince, after having been presented with a portrait of the princess and finding her appearance appealing, and having been told of her amiability, he declared himself willing to marry Louise, all the more so as he too could see that the political circumstances made the marriage desirable. Thus, the marriage negotiations began during the year of 1743, and were successfully concluded within

2100-664: The Danish architect and royal building master Nicolai Eigtved in Rococo style , and located just across the Frederiksholm's Canal from Christiansborg Palace. Although the marriage was arranged, the couple got along quite well, and at least during the first years, their relationship was apparently amicable. The couple had five children, of whom the eldest son, the heir to the throne Crown Prince Christian, did not survive infancy. Although Frederick came to feel high regard for her and always treated her with kindness, he reportedly

2170-564: The Danish King as 'father' in nineteenth-century Iceland under Danish rule, and after independence in 1944 became one of the images through which feminism and the idea of powerful women, such as Iceland's first female president Vigdís Finnbogadóttir , were made to seem a natural part of Icelandic culture. Recently, the Lady of the Mountain apparead on cover of the Sólstafir last album, Endless Twilight of Codependent Love . The image of

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2240-467: The Danish court. The two elder sons, Prince William and Prince Charles , would later marry their Danish cousins, Princess Wilhelmina and Princess Louise , while the two younger, Charles and Frederick would remain and have careers in Denmark. Because she was extremely popular and loved by the Danes, the memory of the young queen became more and more glorified over time. An example of this glorification

2310-420: The Danish royal family located at Copenhagen's largest square, Kongens Nytorv . Here, their home quickly became the setting for a lively and entertaining court which differed greatly from the rigid and heavy etiquette that prevailed at the court of Louise's in-laws at Christiansborg Palace. They lived there until, in 1745, they could move into the completed Prince's Mansion , a city mansion remodeled for them by

2380-495: The Great (for whom Henry de Nassau d'Auverquerque, 1st Earl of Grantham , stood proxy). Princess Louise's mother was pregnant 11 times, but lost four of the children, so Princess Louise had six older siblings who lived to adulthood. Of these, Louise lived only with the two youngest, Prince William and Princess Mary and their parents in Leicester House. They constituted the 'younger set', born in London, in contrast to

2450-649: The Lady of the Mountain has also been prominent among Vestur Íslendingar in Canada. A woman dressed as the Lady of the Mountain first appeared at the Iceland Days in Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada in 1924. There too, the Lady of the Mountain has been deployed to promote feminism. Louise of Great Britain Louise of Great Britain (originally Louisa ; 18 December [ O.S. 7 December] 1724 – 19 December 1751)

2520-633: The Napoleonic Wars against the French. French control lasted until November 1813, when the territory was overrun by Allied troops after the Battle of Leipzig spelled the definitive end to the Napoleonic client state of Westphalia, as well as the entire Confederation of the Rhine , and the rule of the House of Hanover was restored. The former electorate became the Kingdom of Hanover , which

2590-553: The approval of the Imperial Diet) until 1708, in the person of Ernest Augustus's son, George Louis. Though the elector's titles were properly duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and elector of the Holy Roman Empire, he is commonly referred to as the elector of Hanover after his residence. Hanover acquired Bremen-Verden in 1719. The electorate was legally bound to be indivisible: it could add to its territory, but not alienate territory or be split up among several heirs; and its succession

2660-506: The armed neutrality. During the War of the Second Coalition against France (1799–1802), Napoléon Bonaparte urged Prussia to occupy the continental British dominions. In 1801, there was an invasion of 24,000 Prussian soldiers that surprised Hanover, which surrendered without a fight. In April they arrived at Bremen-Verden's capital, Stade , and stayed there until October. The British first ignored Prussian hostility, but when

2730-644: The capital of the electorate, the Privy Council of Hanover (electoral government) installed a new ministry in charge of the Imperial Estates ruled by the electors in personal union. It was called the Department of Bremen-Verden, Hadeln, Lauenburg and Bentheim . Nonetheless, the electors spent most of their time in England. Direct contact with the electorate was maintained through the office of

2800-428: The citizens of Copenhagen, due to her natural and straightforward behavior. Unlike her mother-in-law, Queen Sophie Magdalene , she made an effort to learn Danish , and studied the Danish language right from her arrival under the court priest Erik Pontoppidan . She also hired teachers so that her children could learn to speak their country's language. At the death of Christian VI on 6 August 1746, her husband ascended

2870-525: The coalition, did not affect Hanoverian territory since the first French Republic was fighting on several fronts, even on its own territory. Men were drafted to recruit the 16,000 Hanoverian soldiers fighting in the Low Countries under British command against France. In 1795, the Holy Roman Empire declared its neutrality, including Hanover, but a peace treaty with France was being negotiated until it failed in 1799. Prussia, however, ended for its part

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2940-566: The country had to sign a treaty with Great Britain whenever Hanoverian troops fought on the British side of a war. Merged into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807, it was re-established as the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814, and the personal union with the British crown lasted until 1837. In 1692, Emperor Leopold I of the House of Habsburg elevated Duke Ernest Augustus of the Brunswick-Lüneburg line of Calenberg , to

3010-534: The ducal family, the change needed imperial confirmation, which Emperor Leopold I granted in 1692. In 1692, at its upgrading to the rank of electorate, its territory comprised the Brunswick-Lüneburgian principalities of Calenberg and Grubenhagen , which the line of the former had already inherited in 1665. Before the confirmation of the electorate by the Imperial Diet in 1708, however,

3080-592: The duchies of Bremen-Verden from King Frederick IV of Denmark (confirmed by the 1719 Treaty of Stockholm ), whereby his former landlocked electorate gained access to the North Sea . In 1700, the territories forming the electorate introduced, like all other Protestant territories of imperial immediacy , the Improved Calendar, as the Gregorian calendar was called by Protestants to avoid mentioning

3150-631: The electors in Germany also grew, as they de facto purchased the formerly Swedish -held duchies of Bremen and Verden in 1719. George Louis died in 1727 and was succeeded by his son George II Augustus . In 1728, Emperor Charles VI officially enfeoffed George II (gave him land in exchange for a pledge of service), with the reverted fief of Saxe-Lauenburg , which had de facto been ruled in personal union with Hanover and with one of its preceding Principality of Lüneburg since 1689. In 1731, Hanover also gained Hadeln . In return, Hanover recognised

3220-473: The entire period, and Hanoverian ministers continued to operate out of London . The Privy Council of Hanover maintained its own separate diplomatic service, which maintained links with countries such as Austria and Prussia. The Hanoverian Army was dissolved, but many of the officers and soldiers went to England, where they formed the King's German Legion . That was the only German army to fight continually throughout

3290-589: The five-year-old Princess Sophie Magdalene , and the heir apparent to the Swedish throne, Crown Prince Gustav , the later King Gustav III. She feared that her daughter would not be treated well by the queen of Sweden, Louisa Ulrika . Queen Louisa Ulrika was known for her anti-Danish views and for being opposed to the match, and it was known that she was the real ruler at the Swedish court. Reportedly, Louise also disliked arranged marriages because of her own experience. That same year, Louise became seriously ill with

3360-428: The following year. What Louise and her husband on a small scale had begun at Charlottenborg Palace and the Prince's Mansion, they now continued at a larger scale at Christiansborg . Indeed, Frederick V's accession to the throne brought about a great change in life at the Danish court, which now became far more festive and acquired a more easy-going tone than under Louise's strictly religious parents-in-law. Almost as

3430-569: The latter joined the pro-French coalition of armed neutral powers, including Denmark-Norway and Russia , Britain began to capture Prussian ships. After the Battle of Copenhagen (1801) , the coalition fell apart and Prussia withdrew its troops. As part of the German Mediatisation of 25 February 1803, the electorate received the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück in real union , which had been ruled by every second ruler of

3500-661: The minister Friedrich Franz Dieterich von Bremer holding up the Hanoverian stake, fled to Saxe-Lauenburg , across the Elbe , which was ruled by Britain and Hanover in personal union. Soon, the French also occupied Saxe-Lauenburg. In the autumn of 1805, at the beginning of the War of the Third Coalition against France (1805), the French occupying troops left Hanover in a campaign against Austria . British, Swedish and Russian coalition forces captured Hanover . In December,

3570-505: The modern German state of Lower Saxony in Northern Germany . Beside the Principality of Calenberg it also included the former princely lands of Göttingen and Grubenhagen as well as the territory of the former County of Hoya . In 1705, Elector George I Louis inherited the Principality of Lüneburg with the Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg upon the death of his uncle Duke George William of Brunswick-Lüneburg . In 1715, he purchased

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3640-410: The name of Pope Gregory XIII . Sunday, 18 February (Old Style) was thus followed by Monday, 1 March ( New Style ). In 1692, the Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold I, elevated George's son, Duke Ernest Augustus to the rank of elector of the empire as a reward for aid given in the War of the Grand Alliance. There were protests against the addition of a new elector, and the elevation did not become official (with

3710-436: The occasion of the Queen's first church service after the birth. In 1748, the French theatrical troupe Du Londel Troupe under the leadership of Jeanne Du Londel was invited for dramatic performances to Copenhagen, where they performed until 1753, and also performed in Oslo in Norway during the king's stay there in 1749. In 1751, Queen Louise unsuccessfully opposed the planned dynastic marriage between her daughter,

3780-415: The people who had come to appreciate their queen immensely during her short tenure. After lying in state with great pomp at the chapel at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen, she was interred in Roskilde Cathedral on the island of Zealand , the traditional burial site for Danish monarchs since the 15th century. Frederick V survived Queen Louise by 14 years. Although initially unwilling to remarry

3850-509: The rank of prince-elector of the empire as a reward for aid given in the Nine Years' War . There were protests against the addition of a new elector, and the elevation did not become official until the approval of the Imperial Diet in 1708. Calenberg's capital, Hanover , became colloquially eponymous for the electorate, but it officially used the name Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburg of the entire ducal dynasty. The electoral coat of arms and flag (see info box upper right of this article) displayed

3920-410: The recently completed principal residence of the Danish Monarchy in central Copenhagen. Just a week later, on 18 December 1743, Louise celebrated her 19th birthday. To celebrate the birthday of the new crown princess the German poet Johann Elias Schlegel wrote a cantata . After the wedding, the newlyweds initially took up residence at Charlottenborg Palace , a Baroque style minor residence of

3990-415: The succession to the British throne on Queen Anne's nearest Protestant relative, the Electress Sophia of Hanover , and her descendants. The prince-elector of Hanover became king of Great Britain in 1714. As a consequence, a reluctant Britain was forced time and again to defend the king's German possessions. Nonetheless, Hanover remained a separately ruled territory with its own governmental bodies, and

4060-416: The throne as King Frederick V, and Louise became Queen of Denmark and Norway at the age of 21. The new king and queen then moved the short distance from the Prince's Mansion across the Frederiksholm's Canal into the large Christiansborg Palace. The ceremonies of the accession to the throne were concluded as the new king and queen were solemnly anointed in the chapel of Frederiksborg Palace on 4 September

4130-402: The war with France by the Treaty of Basel (1795), which stipulated that Prussia would ensure the Holy Roman Empire's neutrality in all of the latter's territories north of the demarcation line of the River Main , including the British continental dominions of Hanover, Bremen-Verden, and Saxe-Lauenburg. To that end, Hanover also had to provide troops for the so-called demarcation army maintaining

4200-409: Was Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1746 until her death, as the first wife of King Frederick V . She was the youngest surviving daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach . The marriage between Louise and Frederick V of Denmark was arranged solely for political reasons (King George's ministers wanted Danish support in disputes with Prussia ). Although the marriage

4270-496: Was arranged, the couple got along quite well, at least during the first years of marriage. Louisa, who encouraged performances by actors and musicians, was a popular figure at the Danish court even though she never exerted significant influence over her husband's decision-making. Princess Louise was born as the fifth daughter and youngest child of the then Prince and Princess of Wales, on 18 December [ O.S. 7 December] 1724, at Leicester House , Westminster , London . She

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4340-431: Was born ten years after her paternal grandfather, Elector George Louis of Hanover , had succeeded to the thrones of Great Britain and Ireland in 1714 as George I , and her father had become Prince of Wales and moved to London with his family. Her father had a strained relationship with his own father, and in 1717, after a quarrel, the King had banished his son from court. He had subsequently lived at Leicester House ,

4410-404: Was confirmed at the Congress of Vienna in 1814. The electorate was legally indivisible: it could add to its territory, but not alienate territory or be split up among several heirs, as had been the rule before, which led at times to a multitude of Brunswick-Lüneburgian principalities. Its succession was to follow male primogeniture . Since that was against Salic law , which was then valid for

4480-456: Was described as well educated and good at conversation, not beautiful but very dignified and well suited to her role as queen. A Swedish diplomat stationed in Denmark described her as follows: She has good sense and is easy with words, friendly in tone, knows how to converse on many subjects and can speak several languages; while giving court, she seldom leaves anyone without saying something nice; she very much enjoys dance and dances well, she has

4550-433: Was exchanged for a Danish one, headed by her new chamberlain Carl Juel and her Chief Court Mistress Christiane Henriette Louise Juel . Louise and Frederick then travelled together to Copenhagen , where they held their official entry into the Danish capital on 11 December to great cheers from the population. That same day a second wedding ceremony with the groom present was held in the chapel of Christiansborg Palace ,

4620-583: Was frowned upon by the people who saw it as too early for the King to remarry. Neither did the formal princess appeal to his own taste, and with the court she was never popular — with no other identifiable cause than her sense of rigid etiquette, practised in German princely courts, that may have seemed less friendly than the English Louise. In 1756, Louise's sister, Mary , who was estranged from her husband, Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel , moved to Denmark to take care of her deceased sister's children. She brought her three sons with her, who were brought up at

4690-423: Was not in love with her and continued his debauched lifestyle. However Frederick was comfortable with her, and Louise pretended not to notice his adultery and random liaisons with others, notably with his favorite mistress Else Hansen . Louise quickly made herself popular in the Danish court, and her father-in-law remarked that she seemed to him to be kind and agreeable. She was also met with great enthusiasm from

4760-430: Was then raised mainly by her older sister, Princess Caroline . In 1743, a dynastic marriage was negotiated between Louise and Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway . The marriage was proposed by Great Britain for political reasons. At the time of the marriage, both France and Great Britain wished to make an alliance with Denmark-Norway , and being protestant , Great Britain had the advantage of being able to make

4830-454: Was to follow male primogeniture. The territory assigned to the electorate included the Brunswick-Lüneburg principalities of Calenberg, Grubenhagen, and Lüneburg (even though at the time Lüneburg was ruled by Ernest Augustus's older brother) and the counties of Diepholz and Hoya. In 1714, George Louis became king of Great Britain and Ireland and so the electorate and Great Britain and Ireland were ruled in personal union . The possessions of

4900-429: Was two years old, her grandfather, George I , died, and her father ascended the throne as George II. The family subsequently moved to St James's Palace , the London residence of the British monarch . Here Louise grew up, spending holidays at her parents' summer residence, Richmond Lodge , located near the River Thames in Richmond . In 1737, when Louise was almost 13 years old, her mother, Queen Caroline, died, and she

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