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20-607: It is 24 m (67 ft) high and with the base and the cross reaches 36.50 m (100 ft). The Nineteenth Dynasty pharaoh Seti I quarried this obelisk from granite quarries in Aswan. Before his death, artists inscribed three of the four faces of the obelisk, which Seti intended to erect in the Temple of Re in Heliopolis . Seti's son and successor Ramesses II completed its inscriptions and set it up in Heliopolis . It

40-476: A campaign against the Hittites was an unsupportable drain on Egypt's treasury and military. In his 21st regnal year, Ramesses signed the earliest recorded peace treaty with Urhi-Teshub 's successor, Hattusili III , and with that act Egypt-Hittite relations improved significantly. Ramesses II even married two Hittite princesses, the first after his second Sed Festival . This dynasty declined as infighting for

60-641: A revolt led by Setnakhte , founder of the 20th Dynasty . The pharaohs of the 19th Dynasty ruled for approximately 110 years: from c.  1292 to 1187 BC. Many of the pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings in Thebes (designated KV). More information can be found on the Theban Mapping Project website. Tunip Tunip (probably modern Tell 'Acharneh) was a city-state along

80-485: Is a high and low chronology for these kings, which may affect the synchronization of events in the northern Levant. In general, the region was under control of Tushratta of Mitanni who around 1350 BC was attacked by Suppiluliuma I of Hatti, causing major turmoil in the entire Levant. Egypt was formally an ally of Mitanni at the time. A faction of the citizens of Tunip belonged to the Pro-Egyptian faction, writing to

100-505: Is mainly from Egyptian records, from the time of Thutmose III to Ramesses II . The name Tunip also appears in names like that of a king named Tunip-Tessup . It is especially mentioned in the Amarna letters (c. 1350 BC), the time of Akhenaten and Tutankhamun . Matters concern turmoil and local rulers like Aziru , residing in Amurru (Simur/Tell Kezel, Akkar Plain) and in conflict with

120-622: Is near Tell Salhab . The authors of the above study support the identification of Tunip as Tell Asharneh based on petrographic analysis. A team of Canadian archaeologists have been conducting excavations at the site of Tell 'Acharneh, under the direction of Michel Fortin of Laval University in Quebec City . The only mentions of Tunip in the Early Bronze Age come from the Ebla Palace G archives (c.2400 BC - c.2300 BC) when

140-610: The Orontes River in western Syria in the Late Bronze Age . It was large enough to be an urban center, but too small to be a dominant regional power. It was under the influence of various factions like the Mitanni , Egyptians , and Hittites . The exact location of Tunip remains uncertain. There is increasing evidence for identifying the ancient city with the archaeological site of Tell 'Acharneh. This important city

160-493: The 20th Dynasty furthermore together constitute an era known as the Ramesside period . This Dynasty was founded by Vizier Ramesses I , whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne. The warrior kings of the early 18th Dynasty had encountered only little resistance from neighbouring kingdoms, allowing them to expand their realm of influence easily, but the international situation had changed radically towards

180-671: The Egyptian style. [REDACTED] Media related to Flaminio obelisk (Rome) at Wikimedia Commons This article about an Italian building or structure is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Nineteenth Dynasty The Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX), also known as the Ramessid dynasty , is classified as the second Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1292 BC to 1189 BC. The 19th Dynasty and

200-498: The Pharaoh for support. Five letters reference 'Tunip' in the Amarna letters corpus , 3 from Aziru's sub-corpus. Amarna Letter EA 59 (lines 1-46, complete) show the citizens of Tunip appeal for help from the Pharaoh. To the king of Egypt, our lord: Message of the citizens of Tunip , your servant. For you may all go well. And we fall at the feet of my lord. Amarna Letter EA 161 (lines 1-56, complete) shows how Aziru claims he

220-562: The city fell under the hegemony of Ebla. During this period, a colony of at least 530 men from Mari resided here. Their group was led by Puzur-Aštar and consisted of 30 merchants and their workers. They were likely involved in the timber trade, harvesting timber from the nearby mountainous regions to export back to Mari. It has also been suggested by Bonechi that attestations in the Ebla texts of men from Byblos at Tunip may connect it to trade routes going to Egypt . The appellation 'Tunip'

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240-478: The end of the dynasty. The Hittites had gradually extended their influence into Syria and Canaan to become a major power in international politics, a power that both Seti I and his son Ramesses II would confront in the future. The New Kingdom of Egypt reached the zenith of its power under Seti I and Ramesses II ("The Great"), who campaigned vigorously against the Libyans and the Hittites. The city of Kadesh

260-541: The king of Hatti . He is often claiming to reside in Tunip, until it is safe to leave, or to try to defend other cities/city-states of his region. The local region in Syria, Nuhašše is also in conflict, and is mentioned in 7 of Aziru's 13 EA letters, ( EA for 'el Amarna '). The Amarna Archive refers to cuneiform tablets found at Amarna , Egypt, dating to the late reign of Akhenaten and early reign of Tutankhamun . There

280-470: The throne between the heirs of Merneptah increased. Amenmesse apparently usurped the throne from Merneptah's son and successor, Seti II , but he ruled Egypt for only four years. After his death, Seti regained power and destroyed most of Amenmesse's monuments. Seti was served at court by Chancellor Bay , who was originally just a 'royal scribe' but quickly became one of the most powerful men in Egypt, gaining

300-526: The unprecedented privilege of constructing his own tomb in the Valley of the Kings ( KV13 ). Both Bay and Seti's chief wife, Twosret , had a sinister reputation in Ancient Egyptian folklore. After Siptah 's death, Twosret ruled Egypt for two more years, but she proved unable to maintain her hold on power amid the conspiracies and powerplays being hatched at the royal court. She was likely ousted in

320-413: Was able to rally his troops and turn the tide of battle against the Hittites. Ramesses II later profited from the Hittites' internal difficulties, during his eighth and ninth regnal years, when he campaigned against their Syrian possessions, capturing Kadesh and portions of Southern Syria, and advancing as far north as Tunip , where no Egyptian soldier had been seen for 120 years. He ultimately accepted that

340-719: Was brought to Rome in 1 BC by command of Augustus , together with the Obelisk of Montecitorio , and placed on the spina of the Circus Maximus , followed three centuries later by the Lateran Obelisk . Like most Egyptian obelisks, the Flaminio Obelisk was probably one of a pair, but no trace of its companion has been found. In Seti I's dedicatory inscription on one side of the shaft, the king boasts that he would "fill Heliopolis with obelisks." The obelisk

360-491: Was first captured by Seti I, who decided to concede it to Muwatalli of Hatti in an informal peace treaty between Egypt and Hatti. Ramesses II later attempted unsuccessfully to alter this situation in his fifth regnal year by launching an attack on Kadesh in his Second Syrian campaign in 1274 BC ; he was caught in history's first recorded military ambush, but thanks to the arrival of the Ne'arin (a force allied with Egypt), Ramesses

380-611: Was rediscovered in 1587, broken into three pieces, together with the Lateran Obelisk; and was erected in the Piazza del Popolo by Domenico Fontana in 1589, at the command of Pope Sixtus V . Sixtus had the Septizodium demolished to provide the travertine for the obelisk's pedestal, among other building projects. In 1823, Giuseppe Valadier embellished it with a base having four circular basins and stone lions, imitating

400-528: Was sought either in northern Phoenicia (Helck 1973) or in the Middle Orontes. Two prominent sites have been suggested in the latter region: Tell Hama in the modern city of Hama (Astour 1977) and Tell Asharneh in the southern Ghab Valley northwest of Hama (Klengel 1995 ). Tell Asharneh (or Tell 'Acharneh) on the banks of the Orontes River in Syria has been widely seen as the likely location of Tunip. The site covers an area of 77-hectare (190-acre) and

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