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47-473: The previous name was Porta Flaminia , because the consular Via Flaminia passed, as it passes even now, through it (in ancient times, Via Flaminia started at the Porta Fontinalis , close to the current Vittoriano ). In the 10th century the gate was named Porta San Valentino , due to the basilica and the catacomb with the same name, rising at the beginning of Viale Pilsudski. Porta del Popolo

94-662: A Cardinal on December 22, 1873 with the title of Santa Maria del Popolo; he had been Nuncio to France in the 1860s. Prince Mario Chigi Albani della Rovere succeeded his father in 1877 and served as Marshal of the Holy Roman Church at the Conclave of 1878. He married Antonietta, the daughter of Prince Louis of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn in 1857. They had three children, Agostino, Ludovico (Luigi) and Eleonora. Prince Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere (July 10, 1866 – November 14, 1951), son of Prince Mario and Antoinette,

141-507: A branch road ran to Septempeda and thence either to Ancona or to Tolentinum ( Tolentino ) and Urbs Salvia ( Urbisaglia ) and Helvillum (site uncertain, probably Sigillo , but possibly Fossato di Vico ), to cross the main ridge of the Apennines , a temple of Jupiter Apenninus standing at or near the summit of the pass according to one ancient author. From there it descended to Cales ( Cagli ), where it turned north-east following

188-682: A cardinal. On the marriage in 1735 of another Agostino Chigi (1710–1769) with Giulia Albani, heiress of the Albani , a Venetian patrician family, said to be of Albanian origin, her name was added to that of Chigi. Prince Sigismondo Chigi Albani della Rovere (August 24, 1798 – May 10, 1877), Prince of Campagnano, had a son, Don Mario Chigi, and four daughters (Teresa, who married Giulio, Duca di Torlonia; Maria, who married Prince Giuseppe Giovanelli; Angiola, who married Conte Fabio Bonaccorsi; and Virginia, who married Marchese Galeazzo Guidi). Prince Sigismondo's brother, Flavio III (1810–1885), became

235-417: A country road, while the traffic crosses by railway and autostrada through dozens of tunnels between Florence and Bologna , a shorter, more direct route under the ridges and nearly inaccessible passes. It was constructed by Gaius Flaminius during his censorship , around 220 BC. Sources mention frequent improvements being made to it during the imperial period. Augustus instituted a general restoration of

282-625: A few inscriptions — mark the straight line of the road quite clearly. A small stretch of the road remains in the ruins of Carsulae where it passes through the Arco di Traiano. The road was used as part of the individual road race cycling event for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome . In Rome it runs past and gives its name to the Stadio Flaminio sports stadium. House of Chigi The House of Chigi ( IPA: [ˈkiːdʒi] )

329-1062: A gate in the Servian Wall in ancient Rome, on the northern slope of the Capitoline Hill . It followed the Via Lata from the Campidoglio to the Porta Flaminia , a city gate of the Aurelian Walls , and the Piazzale Flaminio . This portion can be considered the urban stretch of the Via Flaminia. The road then crosses the Tiber at the Ponte Milvio . While the Via Cassia split off north,

376-463: A more circuitous route from Narnia to Forum Flaminii was adopted, increasing the distance by 12 Roman miles (18 km) and passing by Interamna Nahars ( Terni ), Spoletium ( Spoleto ) and Fulginium ( Foligno ) from which a branch diverged to Perusia ( Perugia ). From Forum Flaminii , where the two branches rejoined, the Flaminia went on to Nuceria Camellaria ( Nocera Umbra ) whence

423-491: A shallow restoration was limited to a partial reinforcement of the structure. The gate rises still today about a metre and half above the ancient ground level. The debris carried by the river during its desultory floods and the slow but continuous flaking of the Pincian Hill had lifted the surrounding ground, so that the elevation of the whole gate could no longer be procrastinated. This need had already been felt during

470-480: Is a gate of the Aurelian Walls in Rome ( Italy ). The current Porta del Popolo was built by Pope Sixtus IV for the Jubilee Year 1475 on the site of an ancient Roman gate which, at that time, was partially buried. The origin of the present name of the gate, as well as of the piazza that it overlooks, is not clear: it has been supposed that it could derive from the many poplars ( Latin : populus ) covering

517-531: Is an Italian princely family of Sienese origin descended from the counts of Ardenghesca , which possessed castles in the Maremma , southern Tuscany . Later, the family settled in Rome . The earliest authentic mention of them is in the 13th century, with one Alemanno, counsellor of the Republic of Siena. The first very prominent member was Mariano (1439–1504), a banker and two time ambassador of Siena to

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564-755: The Apennine Mountains to Ariminum ( Rimini ) on the coast of the Adriatic Sea , and due to the ruggedness of the mountains was the major option the Romans had for travel between Etruria , Latium , Campania , and the Po Valley . The section running through northern Rome is where Constantine the Great , allegedly, had his famous vision of the Chi Rho , leading to his conversion to Christianity and

611-781: The Christianization of the Roman Empire . Today the same route, still called by the same name for much of its distance, is paralleled or overlaid by Strada Statale (SS) 3, also called Strada Regionale (SR) 3 in Lazio and Umbria , and Strada Provinciale (SP) 3 in Marche . It leaves Rome, goes up the Val Tevere ("Valley of the Tiber ") and into the mountains at Castello delle Formiche, ascends to Gualdo Tadino , continuing over

658-598: The Ponte d'Augusto , the largest Roman bridge ever built, a splendid four-arched structure to which Martial alludes, one arch of which is still standing. It went on, followed at first by the modern road to Casuentum ( San Gemini ) which passes over two finely preserved ancient bridges, through Carsulae to the Vicus Martis Tudertium (near modern Massa Martana ), then Mevania ( Bevagna ), and thence to Forum Flaminii (S. Giovanni Profiamma). Later,

705-643: The Adriatic and to Italy north of the Apennines. The Itinerarium Burdigalense and the Priscillianists who had been expelled from their sees both took this route to Rome despite its length. After the fall of the western Roman Empire the route remained in use, and when the Ostrogothic king Theodahad set out from Ravenna for Rome around 535, a letter of Cassiodorus mentions work done to repair

752-606: The Lombard Duchy of Spoleto, with the border around contested Narni. In its place was established the 'Byzantine corridor', a new route linking Rome and Ravenna that departed both cities on the Via Flaminia but which was forced due to political circumstances to pass through Perugia rather than Spoleto. In the Middle Ages it was known as the Ravenna road , as it led to the then more important city of Ravenna . Following

799-553: The Municipality of Rome, held the administrative control on the duties of almost all the gates), Pope Sergius II granted the proceeds of the toll of the Porta Flaminia to the cloister of San Silvestro in Capite . [REDACTED] Media related to Porta del Popolo (Rome) at Wikimedia Commons Via Flaminia The Via Flaminia ( lit.   ' Flaminian Way ' ) was an ancient Roman road leading from Rome over

846-519: The Pope's family (the six-pieces mount under the eight-rays star, the emblem of the House of Chigi . The positioning of the inscription - on the inner façade instead of the outer one, where it would have been visible while accessing the town - and the quite short text itself, are nonetheless singular; Cesare D'Onofrio deduces that probably the Pope would hold off the intrusiveness and the lively personality of

893-670: The Popes Alexander VI and Julius II . He founded the Roman branch of the family, the other branch was started by his brother, Benedetto. Agostino Chigi (1465–1520) was the most famous member of the family during the Renaissance . He became an immensely rich banker, and built the palace and gardens afterwards known as the Farnesina , decorated by Raphael , Sebastiano del Piombo , Giulio Romano , and Il Sodoma , and

940-473: The Via Flaminia veared east before turning north again to follow the Tiber, and continued on to Saxa Rubra and Prima Porta . On a hill to the right of the Via Flaminia, a little beyond Prima Porta , are the ruins of Ad Gallinas , a villa that belonged to Livia , the wife of Augustus . From there it made its way to Ocriculum ( Otricoli ) and Narnia ( Narni ), where it crossed the Nera River by

987-473: The Via Flaminia, for example at Sentinum (near the modern Sassoferrato ) and near Tadinum (the modern Gualdo Tadino ). Constantine the Great 's famous Battle of the Milvian Bridge also occurred on the road, after his nearby dream of the Chi Rho (which led to his conversion and that of the Roman Empire to Christianity ). In late antiquity the Via Flaminia remained Rome's major artery both to

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1034-570: The area, but it is more likely that the toponym is connected with the origins of the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo ( Saint Mary of the People ), erected in 1099 by Pope Paschal II thanks to a more or less voluntary subscription of the Roman people. Considering the importance of the Via Flaminia , Porta del Popolo had, since the beginning of its existence, a prevalent role of sorting of

1081-706: The branch of the family in Siena. His brother Augusto continued the line in Rome. Augusto's son Agostino was made Reichsfurst (prince of the Holy Roman Empire) by Leopold I in 1659. Agostino married Maria Virginia Borghese (relative of the Borghese pope), and acquired the principalities of Farnese (1658), Campagnano (1661) and Ariccia , where a famous palazzo bearing the family name still stands. The pope also had two nephews who became cardinals, Flavio I , who

1128-409: The central stone, remembering the restoration carried out by Pius IV, says: The inner façade was designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini for Pope Alexander VII and it was released on the occasion of the arrival in Rome of the abdicant queen Christina of Sweden , on December 23, 1655: the occurrence is commemorated by the inscription carved on the attic of the inner façade together with the coats of arm of

1175-415: The demolition, in 1879, of the towers flanking the gate; the works costed 300.000 lire ). On that occasion, some remains of the ancient structure of the age of Aurelian and of the cylindric towers were discovered: these proved to be very important for the historic recreation of the gate. The works were commemorated with two stones on the outer façade, to the sides of the façade of Pius IV; the inscription on

1222-563: The divide at Scheggia Pass , 575 m (1,886 ft) to Cagli . From there it descends the eastern slope waterways between the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines and the Umbrian Apennines to Fano on the coast and goes north, parallel to Highway A14 to Rimini. This route, once convenient to Roman citizens and other travelers, is now congested by heavy traffic between north Italy and the capital at Rome. It remains

1269-515: The duties on the incoming and outcoming goods, but during the Middle Ages were also assigned to the collection of the toll for the transit through the gates, some of which belonged to rich lairds or contractors. The first statements of this institution, that was in effect at least until the beginning of the 15th century, date back to the 5th century. In the 9th century (when the Popes, clashing with

1316-483: The emperor's dedicatory inscription still in place; remnants of the earlier tunnel can also be seen. The Flaminia emerged from the gorges of the Apennines at Forum Sempronii ( Fossombrone ) and reached the coast of the Adriatic at Fanum Fortunae ( Fano ). Thence, it ran north-west through Pisaurum ( Pesaro ) to Ariminum ( Rimini ). The total distance from Rome was 210 Roman miles, 296 km (184 mi) by

1363-627: The end of the Exarchate of Ravenna , it fell into disuse during the Lombard period, but was partially reconstructed in the Renaissance era and continued to be of military importance down to the Napoleonic era and World War II . As the SS ;3 (Strada Statale 3) it remains one of the principal highways from Rome to the Adriatic coast. The Via Flaminia began at the Porta Fontinalis ,

1410-529: The former circular towers were replaced with two powerful square watchtowers and the whole building was garnished with elegant battlements . In 1638, two statues of St. Peter and St. Paul , sculpted by Francesco Mochi , were inserted between the two pairs of columns: the statues had been rejected by the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls and given back to the sculptor without payment. The inscription on

1457-474: The gate between 1562 and 1565, taking inspiration from the Arch of Titus . The works on the facade were still designed by Michelangelo and the works directed by Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola . The four columns of the façade come from the former St. Peter's Basilica and they frame the single, great archway, overlooked by the stone commemorating the restoration and by the papal coat of arms sustained by two cornucopias ;

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1504-493: The gate: the most impressive was the one of the French army of Charles VIII , which on December 31, 1494, paraded for six hours, giving am uncommon demonstration of military power; but also che processions of the cardinals, gathering into consistory with the Pope in the lead, aroused the enthusiastic and respectful admiration of the people. Due to the increase of the urban traffic, in 1887 the two lateral archways were opened, after

1551-471: The gorges of the Burano . The narrowest pass was crossed by means of a tunnel chiseled out of solid rock: a first tunnel apparently of the 3rd century BC was replaced by an adjacent tunnel by Vespasian . This is the modern Gola del Furlo , the ancient name of which, Intercisa , means "cut through" with reference to these tunnels. The modern 2‑lane road, the SS 3 Flaminia , still uses Vespasian's tunnel,

1598-580: The largest is an intermittent stretch about 800 meters long at Rignano Flaminio in the northern Lazio), but for the most part of bridges, listed here in order from Rome: Other notable Roman vestiges along the road, aside from those within the individual towns, include a pair of tower tombs between Bevagna and Foligno; and along the eastern branch of the Flaminia in particular, in the area between Spoleto and Trevi , many small Romanesque churches, partly built of reused Roman stone ( spolia ) — including

1645-563: The latter of which is still preserved. Vespasian constructed a new tunnel through the pass of Intercisa ( Furlo ), in AD 77, and Trajan , as inscriptions show, repaired several bridges along the road. During the period of Roman expansion in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, the Flaminia became, with the sea route, a main axis of transportation by which wheat from the Po valley supplied Rome and central Italy. A number of major battles were fought on or near

1692-546: The left is about the first intervention: The one on the right is about the second intervention: Close to the gate, one of the "duty stones" placed in 175 AD was discovered. Similar stones were discovered in different times nearby other important city gates (the Porta Salaria and the Porta Asinaria ); they marked a kind of administrative border, where the "customs offices" rose. These offices formerly collected

1739-506: The newly converted former queen, together with all the relevant diplomatic involvements. The visit was nonetheless a memorable event for Roman people, both for the profusion of pomp and splendor and for the annoyance of merchants and peddlers, which were forced to suspend for some days their activities, in order to allow the cleaning and to maintain the decency all along the itinerary of the cortège from Porta del Popolo to St. Peter's Basilica. Other spectacular cortèges had already passed through

1786-529: The older road and 222 Roman miles, 328 km (204 mi) by the newer. The road gave its name to a juridical district of Italy from the 2nd century onwards, the former territory of the Senones , which was at first associated with Umbria (with which indeed under Augustus it had formed the sixth region of Italy called Umbria et Ager Gallicus ), but which after Constantine was always administered with Picenum . The Via Flaminia minor (Via Flaminia Militare)

1833-426: The restoration carried out in the 5th century by emperor Honorius , but the intervention was not carried out. The present aspect is the result of a rebuilding carried out in the 16th century, when the gate had again gained a great importance for the urban traffic coming from north. The outer façade was commissioned by Pope Pius IV to Michelangelo , who in turn assigned the task to Nanni di Baccio Bigio : he erected

1880-455: The road. After the emperor Justinian invaded Italy, competition between the Goths and Romans over strongpoints on the road resulted in more activity through a route that ran slightly to the north through Perugia, the old Etruscan Via Amerina . The Lombard conquest ultimately resulted in the breaking of the Via Flaminia. In the late sixth century the Via Flaminia was severed by the establishment of

1927-474: The roads of Italy , assigning supervision of different regions to various senators . He reserved the Flaminia for himself, and rebuilt all the bridges except the Pons Mulvius , by which it crosses the Tiber , 3 kilometres (2 miles) north of Rome (built by Marcus Aemilius Scaurus in 109 BC), and an unknown Pons Minucius. Triumphal arches were erected in his honour on the former bridge and at Ariminum ,

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1974-461: The urban traffic rather than a defensive use. This brought to a never confirmed conjecture that the gate was formerly built with two archways (as well as two cylindrical side towers) and that only during the Middle Ages, as a consequence of the decrease of traffic due to the demographic fall, it was reduced into a single archway. At the age of Sixtus IV, the gate was half-buried and victim of a centuries-old negligence, damaged by time and medieval sieges;

2021-747: Was Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 1931 to 1951. In 1893 he married Donna Anna Aldobrandini, Princess of Sarsina; they had three children, Sigismondo, Petro and Laura. Prince Ludovico was Marshal of the Holy Roman Church, and oversaw both the conclave of 1922 and that of 1939. Prince Sigismondo Chigi (1894–1982), Hereditary Marshal of the Holy Roman Church, was the son of Prince Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere (1866–1951) and Donna Anna Aldobrandini, princess of Sarsina. He had one son, Don Agostino Chigi Albani della Rovere (1929–2002) and one daughter, Princess Francesca, with his wife, Marian Berry, an American heiress. He

2068-430: Was a more western route, constructed by Gaius Flaminius (son of the former Gaius Flaminius) in 187 BC from Bononia ( Bologna ) to Arretium ( Arezzo ). It gradually fell into disuse, and disappeared after the Middle Ages. Its exact route is unknown although in 1977 Franco Santi and Cesare Agostini claimed to have found remnants, as yet unconfirmed. Extant remains of the road consist of rare patches of pavement (by far

2115-521: Was his Cardinal-Nephew and one of the main art collectors of the family and built the Villa Cetinale in 1680, and Sigismondo . In 1712, Prince Augusto , son of Prince Agostino, received the dignity of hereditary marshal of the Church and guardian of the conclaves , which gave them a prominent ceremonial importance on the death of every pope. During the 18th century, Flavio II was created

2162-543: Was noted for the splendour of his entertainments. Pope Julius II made him practically his finance minister and gave him the privilege of quartering his own ( Della Rovere ) arms with those of the Chigi. Cardinal Fabio Chigi , on being elected pope as Alexander VII at the Conclave of 1655, conferred the Roman patriciate on his family. His elder brother Mario, last commander of the Corsican Guard in Rome, continued

2209-681: Was the Marshal of the Conclave both in 1958 and 1963. The office, to which the Chigi had succeeded after the extinction of the Savelli in 1712, was abolished by Pope Paul VI in a motu proprio, Pontificalis Domus , of March 28, 1968. The family owns large estates at Siena. The family palace on the Via del Corso in Rome is currently seat of the Italian government . Another Palazzo Chigi in Ariccia

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