Fleming Fjord is a fjord in King Christian X Land , eastern Greenland .
32-508: Administratively it lies in the Sermersooq Municipality. This fjord was named "Fleming Inlet" by British explorer William Scoresby (1789 – 1857) after Scottish scholar John Fleming (1785–1857). Scoresby assumed that this fjord connected with "Hall Inlet" ( Hall Bredning ) to the south. After more than a century, this fjord was finally properly explored and mapped by Danish Arctic explorer Georg Carl Amdrup during
64-428: A spherical Earth , a meridian is a great semicircle on Earth's surface. Adopting instead a spheroidal or ellipsoid model of Earth, the meridian is half of a north-south great ellipse . The length of a meridian is twice the length of an Earth quadrant , equal to 20,003.93 km (12,429.87 mi) on a modern ellipsoid ( WGS 84 ). The first prime meridian was set by Eratosthenes in 200 BC. This prime meridian
96-410: A compass bearing) of the rising and setting Sun to measure the magnetic variation (difference between magnetic and true north). The true meridian is the chord that goes from one pole to the other, passing through the observer, and is contrasted with the magnetic meridian, which goes through the magnetic poles and the observer. The true meridian can be found by careful astronomical observations, and
128-467: A few degrees. There were some variations. When he noted the sight line for the True Meridian from his family's house to the depot, he could check the declination of his compass before and after surveying throughout the day. He noted this variation down. The meridian passage is the moment when a celestial object passes the meridian of longitude of the observer. At this point, the celestial object
160-565: A given prime meridian (currently, the IERS Reference Meridian ). In other words, it is a coordinate line for longitudes, a line of longitude . The position of a point along the meridian at a given longitude is given by its latitude , measured in angular degrees north or south of the Equator . On a Mercator projection or on a Gall-Peters projection , each meridian is perpendicular to all circles of latitude . Assuming
192-557: A growing international economy, there was a demand for a set international prime meridian to make it easier for worldwide traveling which would, in turn, enhance international trading across countries. As a result, a Conference was held in 1884, in Washington, D.C. Twenty-six countries were present at the International Meridian Conference to vote on an international prime meridian. Ultimately the outcome
224-408: A standard time as well. With a standard meridian, stage coach and trains were able to be more efficient. The argument of which meridian is more scientific was set aside in order to find the most convenient for practical reasons. They were also able to agree that the universal day was going to be the mean solar day. They agreed that the days would begin at midnight and the universal day would not impact
256-460: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Sermersooq Sermersooq ( Greenlandic pronunciation: [sɜm.mɜs.sɔːq̚] , Danish : Sted med meget is , lit. 'place of much ice') is a municipality in Greenland , formed on 1 January 2009 from five earlier, smaller municipalities. Its administrative seat is the city of Nuuk (formerly called Godthåb),
288-463: Is at its highest point. When the Sun passes two times an altitude while rising and setting can be averaged to give the time of meridian passage. Navigators utilized the Sun's declination and the Sun's altitude at local meridian passage, in order to calculate their latitude with the formula. Latitude = (90° – noon altitude + declination) The declination of major stars are their angles north and south from
320-479: Is the largest municipality in the world by area, following the split of the former Qaasuitsup . As of January 2013 its population was 17,498. In the south, it is flanked by the Kujalleq municipality, with the border running alongside Alanngorsuaq Fjord . The waters flowing around the western coastline of the municipality are that of Labrador Sea , which to the north narrows down to form Davis Strait separating
352-756: The Anorituup Kangerlua fjord of the Irminger Sea in the North Atlantic Ocean . Sermersooq's municipal council consists of 19 members, elected every four years. Sermersooq is one of two municipalities straddling the western and eastern sides of the island, but is the only municipality where settlements on both coasts are connected via scheduled flights from Nuuk Airport to Kulusuk Airport and Nerlerit Inaat Airport and reverse, operated year-round by Air Greenland . There are also local flights between Nuuk and Paamiut Airport on
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#1732798253211384-583: The Greenland ice sheet ( Greenlandic : Sermersuaq ) − and as such are free of traffic. In the north the municipality is bordered by the Northeast Greenland National Park beyond Cape Biot , at the northern end of Fleming Fjord . In the east, near the settlement of Ittoqqortoormiit , the municipal shores straddle the Kangertittivaq fjord, which opens to the cold Greenland Sea . The southeastern shores are bordered by
416-650: The Three-year Expedition to East Greenland (Treårsekspeditionen) (1931–1934). Although Amdrup's survey proved that it was a fjord, the name "Fleming Inlet" continued to be used on maps for many years. A small wintering station was built in 1934 on the east side of Fleming Fjord near Cape Brown at the mouth of the Vimmelskaftet Valley during the time of the Three-year Expedition to East Greenland. A Norwegian hunting hut
448-491: The Earth. Therefore, a compass needle will be parallel to the magnetic meridian. However, a compass needle will not be steady in the magnetic meridian, because of the longitude from east to west being complete geodesic . The angle between the magnetic and the true meridian is the magnetic declination , which is relevant for navigating with a compass. Navigators were able to use the azimuth (the horizontal angle or direction of
480-525: The Latin meridies , meaning "midday"; the subsolar point passes through a given meridian at solar noon , midway between the times of sunrise and sunset on that meridian. Likewise, the Sun crosses the celestial meridian at the same time. The same Latin stem gives rise to the terms a.m. (ante meridiem) and p.m. (post meridiem) used to disambiguate hours of the day when utilizing the 12-hour clock . Because of
512-525: The angle at the center of the Earth between where it and the prime meridian cross the equator. As there are 360 degrees in a circle, the meridian on the opposite side of the Earth from Greenwich, the antimeridian, forms the other half of a circle with the one through Greenwich, and is at 180° longitude near the International Date Line (with land mass and island deviations for boundary reasons). The meridians from Greenwich (0°) west to
544-600: The antimeridian (180°) define the Western Hemisphere and the meridians from Greenwich (0°) east to the antimeridian (180°) define the Eastern Hemisphere . Most maps show the lines of longitude. The position of the prime meridian has changed a few times throughout history, mainly due to the transit observatory being built next door to the previous one (to maintain the service to shipping). Such changes had no significant practical effect. Historically,
576-420: The average error in the determination of longitude was much larger than the change in position. The adoption of World Geodetic System 84 " (WGS84) as the positioning system has moved the geodetic prime meridian 102.478 metres east of its last astronomic position (measured at Greenwich). The position of the current geodetic prime meridian is not identified at all by any kind of sign or marking at Greenwich (as
608-488: The basis for its own national time zone system. The second was that in the late 19th century, 72% of the world's commerce depended on sea-charts which used Greenwich as the Prime Meridian. The recommendation was based on the argument that naming Greenwich as Longitude 0º would be of advantage to the largest number of people. Toward the ending of the 12th century there were two main locations that were acknowledged as
640-434: The capital of Greenland, and it is the most populous municipality in the country, with 23,123 inhabitants as of January 2020. The municipality consists of former municipalities of eastern and southwestern Greenland, each named after the largest settlement at the time of formation: The municipality is located in south-central and eastern Greenland, with an area of 531,900 km (205,367.7 sq mi). As of 2018, it
672-415: The celestial equator. The meridian passage will not occur exactly at 12 hours because of the Earth orbit excentricity (see Equation of time ). A standard meridian is a meridian used for determining standard time . For instance, the 30th meridian east ( UTC+02:00 ) is the standard meridian for Eastern European Time . Since the adoption of time zones – as opposed to local mean time or solar time – in
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#1732798253211704-482: The geographic location of the meridian, France and Britain. These two locations often conflicted and a settlement was reached only after there was an International Meridian Conference held, in which Greenwich was recognized as the 0° location. The meridian through Greenwich (inside Greenwich Park) , England, called the Prime Meridian , was set at zero degrees of longitude, while other meridians were defined by
736-568: The island of Greenland from Baffin Island . In the southwest, Ikka Fjord is best known for its eponymous ikaite columns, of a scale unknown anywhere else. In the northwest, the municipality is bordered by the Qeqqata municipality, and further north by the Qeqertalik and Avannaata municipalities. The latter two borders however run north–south through the center ( 45° West meridian ) of
768-573: The late 19th century and early 20th century, most countries have adopted the standard time of one of the 24 meridians closest to their geographical position, as decided by the International Meridian Conference in 1884. Although, a few time zones are offset by an additional 30 or 45 minutes, such as in the Chatham Islands , South Australia and Nepal . Many of these instruments rely on the ability to measure
800-483: The limit of Sermersooq Municipality, the Northeast Greenland National Park lying beyond Cape Biot . To the east lies the Wegener Peninsula and Cape Brown , beyond which lies Nathorst Fjord . On most stretches of the shore mountains rise very steeply on both sides of the fjord culminating in sharp peaks. Most years the fjord is blocked with ice even in the summer. This Greenland location article
832-425: The magnetic meridian is simply parallel to the compass needle. The arithmetic difference between the true and magnetic meridian is called the magnetic declination , which is important for the calibration of compasses. Henry D. Thoreau classified this true meridian versus the magnetic meridian in order to have a more qualitative, intuitive, and abstract function. He used the true meridian since his compass varied by
864-548: The older astronomic position was), but can be located using a GPS receiver. It was in the best interests of the nations to agree to one standard meridian to benefit their fast growing economy and production. The disorganized system they had before was not sufficient for their increasing mobility. The coach services in England had erratic timing before the GWT. United States and Canada were also improving their railroad system and needed
896-528: The use of local time. A report was submitted to the "Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada", dated 10 May 1894; on the "Unification of the Astronomical, Civil and Nautical Days"; which stated that: The magnetic meridian is an equivalent imaginary line connecting the magnetic south and north poles and can be taken as the horizontal component of magnetic force lines along the surface of
928-585: The west coast. Kalaallisut , the West Greenlandic dialect is spoken in the towns and settlements of the western coast. Danish is also in use in the bigger towns. Tunumiit oraasiat, the East Greenlandic dialect, is spoken on the eastern coast. Meridian (geography) In geography and geodesy , a meridian is the locus connecting points of equal longitude , which is the angle (in degrees or other units ) east or west of
960-464: Was as follows: there would be only one prime meridian, the prime meridian was to cross and pass at Greenwich (which was the 0°), there would be two longitude direction up to 180° (east being plus and west being minus), there will be a universal day, and the day begins at the mean midnight of the initial meridian. There were two main reasons for this. The first was that the USA had already chosen Greenwich as
992-428: Was built in 1954 on the north side of the fjord 10 km (6.2 mi) SW of Kap Biot, at the time of Hermann Andresen ’s expedition. Another one was built nearby in 1955 by Otto Lapstun , who had moved it from nearby Nathorst Fjord. Fleming Fjord is located SE of the mouth of Davy Sound , cutting into Jameson Land , extending roughly southwestwards for about 27 km (17 mi). The NW side of its mouth lies at
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1024-409: Was used to provide measurement of the earth, but had many problems because of the lack of latitude measurement. Many years later around the 19th century there were still concerns of the prime meridian. Multiple locations for the geographical meridian meant that there was inconsistency, because each country had their own guidelines for where the prime meridian was located. The term meridian comes from
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