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83-469: Florida Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army. The same enlisted ranks and officer ranks and insignia used by the United States Army are used by Army National Guardsmen and the latter are eligible to receive all United States military awards . The Florida National Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to

166-762: A Legionary Corps of additional infantry, rifle troops, artillery, and dragoons. But this project never materialized. In 1791, the Second Regiment of Infantry was raised and organized as the First Regiment. Both units amalgamated in 1792 with the Legion of the United States , including artillery and dragoons (the first federal mounted force since the discharge of the Continental Light Dragoons in 1783), that then transformed into

249-592: A Republican governor and 23 states with a Democratic governor. Four Democrats (including the Mayor of the District of Columbia ), one Independent, and one New Progressive also occupy territorial governorships or mayorships. No independent and other third parties currently hold a state governorship. For each term, governors serve four years in office. The exceptions are Vermont and New Hampshire where tenures are two years long. The longest-serving current governor

332-438: A blanket primary against each other. Regardless of political party, the top two candidates move on to the general election. In Louisiana, the general election occurs between the top two candidates if no candidate obtains more than 50% of the votes cast, and is cancelled if one of the candidates receives more than 50%. In California and Washington, the top two vote getters proceed to the general election regardless of how many votes

415-404: A state of emergency by the governor of the state in which they serve. Unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually (except through voluntary transfers and Temporary Duty Assignments, e.g. TDY), but only as part of their respective units . Army National Guard personnel who are "Traditional Guardsmen" (TG) typically serve " One weekend a month, two weeks

498-475: A 1996 referendum. In 47 of the 50 states, whenever there is a vacancy of one of the state's U.S. Senate seats, that state's governor has the power to appoint someone to fill the vacancy until a special election is held; the governors of Oregon , Alaska , and Wisconsin do not have this power. A state governor may give an annual State of the State address in order to satisfy a constitutional stipulation that

581-611: A coat with two rows of ten buttons that ended 3 1/2" above the knees, while all other enlisted personnel had single-breasted coats with nine buttons that ended 7" above the knees. Senior NCOs would have worn a crimson colored sash and a yellow or white aiguillette . In addition, there were on the cuffs a slash flap with yellow (infantry, white) lace and a vertical row of several golds (infantry, silver) buttons depending on grade: senior sergeants wore four flaps and buttons, sergeant wore three flaps and buttons, corporals and privates wore two flaps and buttons. A sergeant-major of artillery had

664-583: A considerable role in legislation. The governor may also have additional roles, such as that of commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard (when not federalized) and of that state's respective defense force (which is not subject to federalization). In many states and territories the governor also has partial or absolute power to commute or pardon a criminal sentence . All U.S. governors serve four-year terms except those in New Hampshire and Vermont , who serve two-year terms. In all states,

747-460: A governor has strong budget controls, appointment authority, and veto powers are examples of institutional powers. In colonial North America, governors were chosen in a variety of ways, depending on how the colony was organized. In the crown colonies of Great Britain, France, and Spain, the governor was chosen by the ruling monarch of the colonizing power, or his designees; in British colonies,

830-399: A governor must report annually (or in older constitutions described as being "from time to time") on the state or condition of the state. Governors of states may also perform ceremonial roles, such as greeting dignitaries, conferring state decorations, issuing symbolic proclamations or attending the state fair . The governor may also have an official residence (see Governor's Mansion ). In

913-456: A higher salary than the $ 174,000 paid to members of Congress. In many states, the governor is not the highest-paid state employee; most often, that distinction is held by the head football or men's basketball coach at a major state university. All states except Louisiana hold gubernatorial elections on the first Tuesday following the first Monday in November. The earliest possible date for

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996-517: A horizontal row of four yellow (infantry, white) buttons on each cuff. This precluded the use of epaulets. Rank was shown by a single, point up, chevron. Sergeants major and quartermaster sergeants wore the chevron on both upper sleeves, principal musicians and sergeants on both lower sleeves and corporals on the right upper sleeve. The chevrons were yellow for artillery and white for infantry. The regulations prescribe black chevrons for riflemen but that regiment had been abolished. In 1825 this system

1079-465: A ranking of the power of the governorship in all 50 states, University of North Carolina political scientist Thad Beyle makes the distinction between "personal powers" of governors, which are factors that vary from person to person, season to season – and the "institutional powers" that are set in place by law. Examples of measurable personal factors are how large a governor's margin of victory was on election day, and standing in public opinion polls. Whether

1162-485: A red plume on the dress hat and a sergeant major of infantry a white plume; quartermaster sergeants in both branches had a light blue plume. Principal or chief musicians were only in the infantry and wore a white plume. A first or orderly sergeant had no plume but wore the uniform of a sergeant with a red waist sash. By 1834 the epaulets for senior NCOs were the same as those for lieutenants (gold for artillery or silver for infantry with 1/8” wide fringe). Unlike lieutenants

1245-403: A reduction in their salary instead of refusing it entirely. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo took a 5 percent reduction in his salary in 2015, and Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear reduced his salary by 10 percent during the same year. Only nine states (Massachusetts, California, Illinois, New York, New Jersey, Michigan, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and Virginia) currently offer their governors

1328-674: A year ", with a smaller portion of personnel working for the Guard in a full-time capacity as either Active Guard Reserve (AGR) or Army Reserve Technicians (ART). TG personnel in more intensive combat specialties, such as on active flying status in Army Aviation or in unique ground units such as Special Forces , will often perform additional military duty beyond the standard 48 weekend drills and 17 days on active duty annual training, with such periods of duty often totaling in excess of 100 days per year. Current Department of Defense policy

1411-575: Is Jay Inslee of Washington , who was re-elected to his third term in 2020. The longest-serving governor of all time was Terry Branstad of Iowa , who was elected to his sixth (non-consecutive) term in 2014 . Governor Branstad resigned on May 24, 2017, to become the United States Ambassador to China. He held the title of Governor of Iowa for 22 years. On December 14, 2015, he became the longest-serving governor in US history, breaking

1494-629: Is black, Michelle Lujan Grisham of New Mexico , who is of Hispanic descent; Chris Sununu of New Hampshire , who is of Lebanese, Palestinian, Latin American, Irish and British descent; and Kevin Stitt of Oklahoma , who is a member of the Cherokee Nation . Sununu and Stitt are Republicans , while Grisham and Moore are Democrats . Among the five U.S. territories, one Hispanic ( Pedro Pierluisi of Puerto Rico ), one Black ( Albert Bryan of

1577-580: Is that no Guardsman will be involuntarily activated for a total of more than 24 months (cumulative) in one six-year enlistment period (this policy has changed 1 August 2007, the new policy states that soldiers will be given 24 months between deployments of no more than 24 months, individual states have differing policies). The largest mobilization in state history began in mid-2009. More than 4,000 FLARNG soldiers were called to active duty and most were to be deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. United States Army enlisted rank insignia The chart below shows

1660-1070: Is the only state with an older minimum age requirement, age 31 years old or older. Some states require the governor to be a qualified elector/voter, implying a minimum age of 18. Vermont requires candidates to be residents of the state for at least four years as of Election Day, which would preclude small children from running, but has no other implicit or explicit age limit. As of January 2023, there are 38 male state governors. The 12 female governors are: Kay Ivey of Alabama , Katie Hobbs of Arizona , Sarah Huckabee Sanders of Arkansas , Kim Reynolds of Iowa , Laura Kelly of Kansas , Janet Mills of Maine , Maura Healey of Massachusetts , Gretchen Whitmer of Michigan , Michelle Lujan Grisham of New Mexico , Kathy Hochul of New York , Tina Kotek of Oregon , and Kristi Noem of South Dakota . Of those, Ivey, Huckabee Sanders, Noem, and Reynolds are Republicans , while Hobbs, Kelly, Mills, Healey, Whitmer, Grisham, Hochul, and Kotek are Democrats . Four territorial governors are male; one territorial governor and

1743-680: The Board of Trade was often the primary decision maker. Colonies based on a corporate charter, such as the Connecticut Colony and the Massachusetts Bay Colony , elected their own governors based on rules spelled out in the charter or other colonial legislation. In proprietary colonies , such as the Province of Carolina before it became a crown colony (and was divided into North and South ), governors were chosen by

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1826-565: The LGBTQ community: Jared Polis (Colorado), who is gay, and Tina Kotek (Oregon) and Maura Healey (Massachusetts) who are lesbians. Ethnic minorities as defined by the United States Census currently constitute 38.9% of the total population of the U.S. as of 2018. There are currently 46 state governors who are non-Hispanic whites of European American background. There are 4 minority governors: Wes Moore of Maryland , who

1909-704: The Lords Proprietor who controlled the colony. In the early years of the American Revolutionary War , eleven of the Thirteen Colonies evicted (with varying levels of violence) royal and proprietary governors. The other two colonies ( Connecticut and Rhode Island ) had corporate charters; Connecticut Governor Jonathan Trumbull was governor before and during the war period, while in Rhode Island, Governor Joseph Wanton

1992-1466: The Reconstruction era . Thirteen of the current state governors were born outside the state they are serving: Mike Dunleavy of Alaska (born in Pennsylvania), Ned Lamont of Connecticut (born in Washington, D.C.), Josh Green of Hawaii (born in New York), J. B. Pritzker of Illinois (born in California), Laura Kelly of Kansas (born in New York), Maura Healey of Massachusetts (born in Maryland), Tim Walz of Minnesota (born in Nebraska), Greg Gianforte of Montana (born in California), Joe Lombardo of Nevada (born in Japan), Phil Murphy of New Jersey (born in Massachusetts), Kevin Stitt of Oklahoma (born in Florida), Tina Kotek of Oregon (born in Pennsylvania), Josh Shapiro of Pennsylvania (born in Missouri), and Mark Gordon of Wyoming (born in New York). One governor, Joe Lombardo of Nevada,

2075-842: The Spanish crown for 236 years, Great Britain for a 20 years, and the Confederate States of America for 5 years. In 1702–1704, an inter-Indian Native American conflict started as part of Queen Anne's War involving the English armies on one side and the Spanish on another resulted in the Apalachee massacre . The conflict later also escalated into the Yamasee War . After the end of the First Seminole War in 1821,

2158-583: The U.S. Virgin Islands ), and three Pacific Islander Americans ( Lou Leon Guerrero of Guam , Lemanu Peleti Mauga of American Samoa , and Arnold Palacios of the Northern Mariana Islands ) currently serve as governor. African-American Muriel Bowser is the current Mayor of the District of Columbia , an office equivalent to a governor. In 1990, Douglas Wilder of Virginia became the first African-American governor of any state since

2241-515: The federal government of the United States, and possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution , such as regulating intrastate commerce, holding elections , creating local governments , and ratifying constitutional amendments . Each state has its own constitution , grounded in republican principles , and government, consisting of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. Also, due to

2324-668: The Craig Airport unit relocating to Cecil Airport , the former NAS Cecil Field , in 2000. The Florida Army National Guard was composed of approximately 9,950 soldiers in January 2001, subsequently increasing to its current size [REDACTED] 53rd Infantry Brigade Combat Team [REDACTED] 83rd Troop Command 50th Regional Support Group [REDACTED] 164th Air Defense Artillery Brigade National Guard units can be mobilized at any time by presidential order to supplement regular armed forces, and upon declaration of

2407-684: The Florida provinces joined the United States, a process finalized in the ratification of the Adams–Onís Treaty . From 1835 to 1842 the Second Seminole War resulted in the elimination by force of most of the Native Americans from the territory. Florida was incorporated into the United States as a state in 1845. After Florida's incorporation into the United States problems with Seminoles continued until almost 1860. Some of

2490-568: The US Army in 1796. Uniform regulations dated January 30, 1787 prescribed, SNCOs wore two silver silk epaulets, sergeants two worsted and corporals one worsted. In the same year, the epaulets' color of cavalry NCOs officially changed from blue to white. At that time the federal mounted force of two troops of dragoons existed only on paper and never got beyond the planning stage (see above). In 1799, red worsted epaulets were prescribed for all NCOs in all branches: SNCOs on both shoulders, sergeants on

2573-476: The United States, checks and balances are placed on the office of the governor, significant powers may include ceremonial head of state (representing the state), executive (overseeing the state's government), legislative (proposing, and signing or vetoing laws), judicial (granting state law pardons or commutations), and military (overseeing the militia and organized armed forces of the state). As such, governors are responsible for implementing state laws and overseeing

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2656-594: The West Point Band. Grade Two was now the rank of Technical Sergeant. It came from the ranks of Hospital Sergeant, Master Engineer Junior Grade, the junior 75% of Ordnance Sergeants, Electrician Sergeant First Class, Assistant Engineer, Quartermaster Sergeant and Electrician Sergeants from the Artillery School at West Point. Also in Grade Two the rank of First Sergeant was continued. Grade Three

2739-510: The acting capacity for a short time. Arizona was the first state where a woman followed another woman as governor (they were from different parties). Arizona also has had the most female governors with a total of five, and is the first state to have three women in a row serve as governor. Washington was the first state to have both a female governor and female U.S. Senators serving at the same time ( Christine Gregoire ; Patty Murray ; Maria Cantwell , respectively), from 2005 to 2013. New Hampshire

2822-420: The age of 29. When future President Bill Clinton was elected Governor of Arkansas in 1978 at age 32, he became the youngest governor since Harold Stassen of Minnesota , elected in 1938 at age 31. In 35 states, the minimum age requirement of the governor is age 30 years old or older, though in some it is age 25 years old or older (7), age 21 years old or older (1), or age 18 years old or older (5). Oklahoma

2905-540: The authority to appoint state court judges as well, in most cases from a list of names submitted by a nominations committee. All with the exception of four states and one territory ( Maine , New Hampshire , Oregon , Puerto Rico , and Wyoming ) have a lieutenant governor . The lieutenant governor succeeds to the gubernatorial office (the powers and duties but not the office, in Massachusetts and West Virginia ), if vacated by impeachment, death, or resignation of

2988-421: The authorized strength of the sixth and seventh grades. Specialists second class were restricted to 1.4%, specialists third class 1.9%, specialists fourth class 4.7%, specialists fifth class 5% and specialists sixth class 15.2%. The army implemented the new law on June 19, 1920. The new executive authority was used to reduce the large number of ranks in use at the time to eight, plus the specialists. Grade One

3071-560: The beginning, U.S. Army enlisted rank was indicated by colored epaulets. The use of chevrons came into being in 1821, with the orientation changing over time from point-down to point-up and back again, to the point-down orientation seen in the American Civil War . Around the turn of the 20th century, point-up wear of chevrons returned and has remained so. From the creation of the United States Army to 1821, non-commissioned officer (NCO) and staff non-commissioned officer (SNCO) rank

3154-691: The chevrons and arcs made of gold lace. Engineers added white stitching around the lace. Chevrons were worn on coats, but were not worn on shirts. In fact shirts are barely mentioned in regulations. During the Spanish–American War in 1898 shirts were worn without coats due to the warm climates in which it was fought. The army allowed chevrons on shirts in July. The large coat chevrons did not fit on shirt sleeves so soldiers began to fashion smaller versions of their chevrons. The army gave preliminary approval of smaller chevrons in 1900. Full implementation

3237-422: The construction of chevrons was changed to a single piece of colored cloth with the chevrons and arcs outlined in heavy black stitching. At this time engineers switched from yellow that they had shared with cavalry since 1858 to red with the stitching done in white. This began the concept of some branches having two colors. In 1884 the chevrons on dress uniforms were changed to a single piece of colored cloth with

3320-564: The current enlisted rank insignia of the United States Army , with seniority, and pay grade , increasing from right to left. The enlisted ranks of corporal (E-4) and higher are considered non-commissioned officers (NCOs). The rank of specialist is also in pay grade E-4, but does not hold non-commissioned officer status; it is common that a soldier may never hold the rank of corporal, and instead be promoted from specialist to sergeant, attaining junior NCO status at that time. In

3403-409: The election is therefore November 2 (if that date falls on a Tuesday), and the latest possible date is November 8 (if November 1 falls on a Tuesday). Louisiana holds its gubernatorial primary on the third or fourth Saturday of October and the general election (commonly referred to as the runoff within the state) on the third Saturday of November, but the general election is cancelled if one candidate wins

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3486-503: The fatigue jacket. However a price list from the era shows higher prices for sergeant's and corporal's jackets due to the addition of the chevrons. Therefore, it is probable that sergeants and corporals wore the chevrons on their fatigue jackets with first sergeants and senior NCOs being distinguished by their sashes. This would have also applied to the Regiment of Mounted Riflemen created in 1846, especially since they were only allowed

3569-538: The fatigue jackets. It is also possible, if not probable, that sergeants and corporals of other branches were wearing chevrons on their jackets prior to 1847. In 1851 the army did a major overhaul of its uniforms. This introduced colors for each branch. Chevrons were to be of these colors. The 1851 colors were Saxony blue for infantry (changed to sky blue by 1857), red for artillery, yellow for engineers, orange for dragoons, green for mounted riflemen and crimson for ordnance. Chevrons were now worn point down. In 1872

3652-463: The first governor of the state of Michigan when it was admitted to the Union in January 1837, when he was 25. Mason was re-elected in November 1837, then age 26. The second youngest governor ever elected was Henry C. Warmoth of Louisiana , who was elected during reconstruction in 1868 at the age of 26. The third youngest governor was William Sprague IV of Rhode Island , who was elected in 1860 at

3735-440: The fringe was worsted in yellow for artillery and white for infantry. When a regiment of dragoons was added in 1833, the prescribed uniforms had a simple pointed cuff and metal shoulder scales. Senior NCOs were distinguished by aiguillettes and yellow sashes. Sergeants wore three yellow point down chevrons on both upper sleeves and corporals two. The yellow sash was also worn by first sergeants. By 1839 ordnance sergeants wore

3818-575: The governor gets to choose (prior to the election) who would be their lieutenant governor. With the notable exception of Kansas, each of the states specifies in its constitution its qualifications for Governor. "The governor shall not hold any other office or position of profit under the United States, the State, or its political subdivisions." "May not hold any federal office, any civil or military commission, any office in another state, or any other office in Arkansas." hold any federal office, be

3901-525: The governor is directly elected, and in most cases has considerable practical powers, though this may be moderated by the state legislature and in some cases by other elected executive officials. In the five extant U.S. territories, all governors are now directly elected as well, though in the past many territorial governors were historically appointed by the President of the United States. Governors can veto state bills, and in all but seven states they have

3984-571: The governor of a state has either refused their salary in its entirety or instead only taken $ 1.00 per year. Alabama Governor Robert J. Bentley refused his yearly salary of $ 119,950.00 until the state reached full employment. Michigan Governor Rick Snyder took a $ 1.00 yearly salary. Texas Governor Greg Abbott has returned his salary to the state during each year he has held office. During his tenure as Governor of California , Arnold Schwarzenegger also did not accept his salary of $ 170,000 per year. However, several governors instead have decided to take

4067-431: The highest, and gave the president the authority to create whatever ranks were necessary within those grades. Prior to this enlisted ranks had been created by law. The laws usually laid out the size and shape of the army branch by branch, creating different ranks structures for each branch. This law ended branch specific ranks. The law specified what percentage of the enlisted strength of the army were allowed in each of

4150-570: The immediate origins of the Florida ARNG today can be traced to the Florida State Troops. Today's 124th Infantry Regiment was reorganized and established in the Florida State Troops as five battalions between 1888 and 1892. The Militia Act of 1903 organized the various state militias into the present National Guard system. The Florida ARNG included elements of the 51st Infantry Division from 11 September 1946 to 1963 and

4233-453: The infantry NCOs switched back to their former white epaulets. By 1808 dragoons were wearing white and riflemen yellow. SNCOs probably wore two worsted epaulettes with crescent, sergeants two plain worsted epaulettes, and corporals wore one epaulette on the right shoulder. Sergeants were given two epaulets once again in 1812. From 1821 to 1832, enlisted personnel wore dark blue "wings" trimmed in yellow (infantry, in white) on each shoulder and

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4316-421: The mayor of Washington, D.C. are female. Forty-three women have served or are currently serving as state or territorial governors, including two in an acting capacity. The first female governor was Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming (widow of the late Wyoming Governor William B. Ross ) who was elected on November 4, 1924, and sworn in on January 5, 1925, succeeding Frank Lucas . Also elected on November 4, 1924,

4399-466: The operation of the state executive branch . As state leaders, governors advance and pursue new and revised policies and programs using a variety of tools, among them executive orders , executive budgets, and legislative proposals and vetoes. Governors carry out their management and leadership responsibilities and objectives with the support and assistance of department and agency heads, many of whom they are empowered to appoint. A majority of governors have

4482-467: The power of the line-item veto on appropriations bills (a power the President does not have). In some cases legislatures can override a gubernatorial veto by a two-thirds vote, in others by three-fifths. In Alabama , Indiana , Kentucky , and Tennessee , the governor's veto can be overridden by a simple majority vote. In Arkansas , a gubernatorial veto may be overridden by an absolute majority . The governor of North Carolina had no veto power until

4565-542: The prescribed blue epaulettes for cavalry NCO never came in wide use while the wearing of white epaulettes prevailed. By 1783/84, the Continental Army was discharged. For a few weeks, only 55 artillerymen at West Point and 25 men at Fort Pitt were to remain. In August 1784, the 700 men strong First American Regiment (including two companies of artillery) was organized as kind of an army substitute. In October 1786 by approval of Congress, this force should expand to

4648-438: The previous governor. Lieutenant governors also serve as unofficial acting state governors in case the incumbent governors are unable to fulfill their duties, and they often serve as presiding officers of the upper houses of state legislatures. In such cases, they cannot participate in political debates, and they have no vote whenever these houses are not equally divided. States are semi-sovereign republics sharing sovereignty with

4731-401: The primary outright (see primary section below). The other 48 states hold gubernatorial elections every four years. All states except for California, Louisiana, and Washington hold primaries in which each political party holds a primary election, and the winner of the primary election moves on to compete in a general election. In California, Louisiana, and Washington, all the candidates run in

4814-959: The ranks and grades were: 12. Regimental Sergeant Major, Sergeant Major Senior Grade, Master Electrician, Master Signal Electrician. 13. Ordnance Sergeant, Post Commissary Sergeant, Post Quartermaster Sergeant, Electrician Sergeant, Sergeant First Class of the Hospital Corps, Signal Sergeant First Class. 14. Regimental Quartermaster Sergeant, Regimental Commissary Sergeant, Chief Musician. 15. Squadron Sergeant Major, Battalion Sergeant Major, Sergeant Major Junior Grade, Color Sergeant, Chief Trumpeter, Principal Musician, Battalion Quartermaster Sergeant. 16. First Sergeant, Drum Major. 17. Sergeant, Troop Quartermaster Sergeant, Battery Quartermaster Sergeant, Company Quartermaster Sergeant, Stable Sergeant. 18. Corporal. non-NCO Cook Trumpeter, Musician, Farrier and Blacksmith, Mechanic, Artificer, Saddler, Wagoner, Private First Class, Private. The white coat

4897-408: The record held by George Clinton of New York , who served 21 years from 1777 to 1795 and from 1801 to 1804. In the majority of states and territories, term limit laws officially cap a governor's tenure. The oldest current governor is Kay Ivey of Alabama , born on ( 1944-10-15 ) October 15, 1944 (age 80) . The youngest current state governor is Sarah Huckabee Sanders of Arkansas who

4980-453: The right shoulder, corporals on the left. Chief musicians were identified by two white epaulets. Shortly after, in the year 1800, the color of the epaulets was changed to yellow, for chief musicians in to blue. In reality, the artillery NCOs ignored the order of 1799 and maintained their yellow epaulets, as did a company of bombardiers, sappers, and miners recruited during the War of 1812 . In 1802

5063-402: The right sleeve only in order to simplify the supply situation. After the war the army continued these reforms by changing the insignia for a private first class from the branch insignia to a single arc and eliminating the concept of the background of a chevron had to match the garment it was worn on. In 1920 some color was added to certain chevrons and even a white navy petty officer's eagle

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5146-474: The seven grades. The first grade would contain .6% of the army's enlisted men, the second grade 1.8%, the third grade 2%, the fourth and fifth grades 9.5%, the sixth grade 25% and the remaining 51.6% in the seventh grade. Men in the sixth and seventh grades could be rated as specialists and get extra pay. This replaced the specialist ranks such as cooks or artificers. There were six classes of specialists in both grades. Specialists first class could only be .7% of

5229-431: The shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government , Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside . The governor heads the government's executive branch in each state or territory and, depending on the individual jurisdiction, may have considerable control over government budgeting, the power of appointment of many officials (including many judges), and

5312-523: The state of Florida . The predecessor of the Florida Army National Guard was a Spanish Florida militia formed in 1565 in the newly established presidio town of St. Augustine . On September 20, 1565, Spanish admiral and Florida's first governor, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés , attacked and defended Florida from an attempted French settlement at Fort Caroline , in what is now Jacksonville . The subsequent Florida militia served with

5395-401: The top vote getter received in the primary, and California prohibits write-in candidates from competing in the general election. In most states, governors can serve two four-year terms. The type of relationship between the governor and the lieutenant governor greatly varies by state. In some states the governor and lieutenant governor are completely independent of each other, while in others

5478-400: The uniform of an artillery sergeant major with no aiguillette and a dark blue trouser stripe. In 1845, horse artillery companies were allowed dragoon-like uniforms with red chevrons. The use of the sergeant's and corporals's chevrons by dragoons beginning in 1833 is described in regulations as part of the description of the dress coat. This would seem to indicate that they were not worn on

5561-555: Was Miriam A. Ferguson of Texas (wife of former Texas Governor James E. Ferguson ), succeeding Pat Morris Neff on January 21, 1925. The first female governor elected without being the wife or widow of a past state governor was Ella T. Grasso of Connecticut , elected in 1974 and sworn in on January 8, 1975. Connecticut , Arizona , and New Mexico are the only three states to have elected female governors from both major parties. New Hampshire has also had female governors from two parties, but Republican Vesta M. Roy served only in

5644-422: Was acting governor of Arkansas for eleven days in January 1975, and David Paterson , who was governor of New York from 2008 until 2010. The current governor of Texas, Greg Abbott , has been paraplegic since an accident in 1984; he has used a wheelchair ever since. Governor of New York Franklin D. Roosevelt was paraplegic; he later became the first wheelchair-using president. Governor of Alabama George Wallace

5727-415: Was added to the insignia of master engineers and quartermaster sergeants. These new insignia were never issued due to a major change in enlisted ranks and insignia later in 1920. The biggest change in the history of US Army enlisted ranks came on June 4, 1920. On that day congress passed a law that changed how enlisted ranks were managed. It created seven pay grades, numbered one to seven with one being

5810-561: Was born on ( 1982-08-13 ) August 13, 1982 (age 42) . Among territorial governors, Albert Bryan of the United States Virgin Islands is the youngest, born on ( 1968-02-21 ) February 21, 1968 (age 56) . The youngest person to ever serve as a governor in the United States was Stevens T. Mason of the Michigan Territory , first elected in 1835 having just turned 24. Mason would later become

5893-475: Was born outside the United States (born in Sapporo, Japan). State constitutions have varying requirements for the length of citizenship and residency of the governor but unlike the President, state governors do not need to be natural-born citizens . There is some ambiguity in some state constitutions if a governor must be a citizen or just a resident. Two legally blind governors have served: Bob C. Riley , who

5976-590: Was changed. Sergeants major, quartermaster sergeants and principal musicians now wore a chevron and an arc on both upper sleeves, sergeant a chevron on both upper sleeves and corporals a chevron on both lower sleeves. The above system was superseded in 1832. At that time, enlisted personnel wore a pair of yellow (infantry, white) cloth epaulets with 2 1/2" long and 1/2" in diameter gold (possibly silver for infantry) fringe for senior NCOs, 1/4” diameter worsted fringe for sergeants and 1/8’ inch worsted fringe for corporals (privates wore very short fringe). Senior NCOs wore

6059-420: Was distinguished by the wearing of usually worsted epaulets . From 1775 to 1779, sergeants and corporals wore one epaulet on the right shoulder, corporals of green color, sergeants of red color. In 1779, (SNCOs) were authorized two silk epaulets, sergeants two worsted and corporals one worsted on the right shoulder. The color was white (infantry), yellow (artillery), or blue (dragoons). In practice it seems

6142-472: Was more than the army's supply system could handle. In 1904 the colored chevrons were restricted to the dress blue coat. On olive drab, khaki and white uniforms the chevrons would be made of olive drab shirting flannel on the appropriate colored background to match the coat. Implementation of the new chevrons was slow. In 1905 the army ordered that any of the older larger chevrons still in use would also be worn point up. According to Army Regulations of 1904

6225-490: Was now the rank of Master Sergeant. It was created from the ranks of Regimental Sergeant Major. Sergeant Major Senior Grade, Quartermaster Sergeant Senior Grade, Master Hospital Sergeant, Master Engineer Senior Grade, Master Electrician, Master Signal Electrician, Engineer, Regimental Supply Sergeant, the senior 25% of Ordnance Sergeants, the senior 50% of Master Gunners and the Band Sergeants and Assistant Band Leader of

6308-424: Was now the rank of Staff Sergeant. It came from the ranks ofSquadron or Battalion Sergeant Major, Squadron or Battalion Supply Sergeant, Sergeant Major Junior Grade, Sergeant First Class, the junior 50% of Master Gunners, Assistant Band Leader except from the West Point Band, Sergeant Bugler, Electrician Sergeant, Radio Sergeant, Color Sergeant and Sergeant of Field Music from the West Point Band. The rank of Sergeant

6391-773: Was originally headquartered at the Fort Homer Hesterly Armory in Tampa, Florida . The Florida ARNG also included the 48th Armored Division from 1954 to 1968. In 1986, the 1st Battalion, 111th Aviation Regiment , was organized from pre-existing Florida ARNG aviation units at Craig Airport in Jacksonville and Lakeland Linder Regional Airport in Lakeland, the Lakeland unit relocating to Brooksville–Tampa Bay Regional Airport in Brooksville in 1999 and

6474-407: Was paralyzed from the waist down after being shot in 1972. He never walked again. The average salary of a state governor in 2009 was $ 124,398. The highest salary currently being accepted is that of New York Governor Kathy Hochul at $ 225,000. The lowest salaries are those of Maine Governor Janet Mills and Pedro Pierluisi of Puerto Rico at $ 70,000 each. There have been several instances where

6557-594: Was placed in Grade Four. It absorbed the ranks of BandSergeant, Stable Sergeant, Mess Sergeant and Supply Sergeant. Governor (United States) ( Alabama to Missouri , Montana to Wyoming ) In the United States , a governor serves as the chief executive and commander-in-chief in each of the fifty states and in the five permanently inhabited territories , functioning as head of state and head of government therein. While like all officials in

6640-733: Was removed from office in 1775 for failing to support the rebel war effort. Before achieving statehood, many of the 50 states were territories or parts of territories. Administered by the federal government, they had governors who were appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate rather than elected by the resident population. Election of territorial governors began in Puerto Rico in 1948. The last appointed territorial governor, Hyrum Rex Lee in American Samoa , left office in 1978. As of January 2024, there are 27 states with

6723-403: Was restricted to medical personnel in 1907, the khaki coat was abolished in 1911 and the blue coat was suspended in 1917. This left only the olive on olive chevrons that were used through World War I. Wartime reorganization left the army with 55 enlisted ranks serving in 18 branches by 1918. Attempts were made to eliminate branch specific distinctions and the wear of chevrons was restricted to

6806-414: Was superseded by a change in uniforms in 1902. With the 1902 uniform change the smaller shirt sized chevrons were prescribed for all uniforms. They were to be worn point up. The chevrons were in the branch colors on a blue, white, khaki or olive drab background. The branch colors in 1902 were, There were 34 enlisted ranks to be shown in these nine colors, each on four different backgrounds. This

6889-524: Was the first and currently only state to have a female governor and entirely female Congressional delegation serving at the same time, from 2013 to 2015. Twelve women have been serving as chief executive of their states since January 10, 2023, when Sarah Huckabee Sanders was inaugurated as the first female governor of Arkansas . This beats the record of eleven set just days earlier following Maura Healey 's inauguration as Governor of Massachusetts on January 5, 2023. There are currently three governors from

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