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27-546: The Franconian Rake is an heraldic ordinary with a simple zig-zag line of partition that divides the escutcheon or shield into red and silver fields. This simple and regionally widespread symbol was first officially recognised as the Franconian coat of arms in 1804 when Prince Elector Maximilian IV Joseph incorporated it into the Bavarian coat of arms . The colour "Franconian red" ( German : Franken-Rot ) used for

54-476: A golden hammer. In accordance of Art. 8a Abs. 3 the actual withdrawn of the Wappen der Republik Österreich is in law as of § 1 Wappengesetz from 1984: Das Wappen der Republik Österreich (Bundeswappen) ist im Art. 8a Abs. 2 B-VG bestimmt und entspricht der Zeichnung des Bundeswappens in der einen Bestandteil dieses Gesetzes bildenden Anlage 1 . This artistic version as above described with

81-528: A hole in the shape of the charge reveals the field behind it. Occasionally the hole is of different tincture or shape (which must then be specified), so that the charge appears to be surcharged with a smaller charge. Coat of arms of Austria The current coat of arms of the Republic of Austria has been in use in its first forms by the First Republic of Austria since 1919. Between 1934 and

108-630: A seal for the city of Gerolzhofen . The Franconian Rake was initially chosen by the Bishops of Würzburg as a symbol of their (albeit rather nominal) Franconian ducal status . It was however not a symbol for Franconia as a whole, as the former stem duchy had ceased to exist as an administrative entity a long time ago. From 1835 the Rake appeared in the coat of arms of Bavaria ; referring to the East Franconian regions which had been incorporated into

135-511: A widespread symbol of communism , as is the breaking of chains. Surveys have however confirmed, that understanding of the actual symbolism of the arms is widespread. On the one hand the arms serve as a new republican symbol, on the other as a modified version of the historical Habsburg arms. The current version of the arms is often regarded as being reminiscent of the double-headed eagle of the Habsburg monarchy. According to this interpretation,

162-599: Is also part of the large armorial achievements of the Free State of Bavaria and of Baden-Württemberg. Ordinary (heraldry) In heraldry , an ordinary is one of the two main types of charges , beside the mobile charges . An ordinary is a simple geometrical figure, bounded by straight lines and running from side to side or top to bottom of the shield . There are also some geometric charges known as subordinaries , which have been given lesser status by some heraldic writers, though most have been in use as long as

189-476: Is represented plain black, the undefined colour of the chain and the yellow as heraldic gold. All these versions are used in parallel. The symbols and emblems used in the Austrian arms are as follows: Discussions about the arms have been triggered in the past by differing political interpretations, especially by the use of the hammer and the sickle and the broken chains, since the crossed hammer and sickle are

216-598: The German annexation in 1938 , the Federal State (Bundesstaat Österreich) used a different coat of arms, which consisted of a double-headed eagle (one-party corporate state led by the clerico-right-wing Fatherland Front , often labeled Austro-fascist ). The establishment of the Second Republic in 1945 saw the return of the original arms, with broken chains added to symbolise Austria's liberation. In 1981

243-641: The Holy Roman Empire ), but rather on the "symbol of the legions of the Roman Republic ", the Aquila . The Austrian federal states have however retained pre-republican heraldic traditions (mostly heraldic images from the Middle Ages, but also diverse accoutrements such as archducal and ducal hats, and knights' helmets, inter alia ). On 31 October 1918, the council of state agreed upon

270-541: The Wappen der Republik Österreich (Bundeswappen) described the blazon in the Federal Constitutional Law (Austrian act) ( Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz , B-VG). With this change of law it was defined that the specific drawing is to codificate in an own statute law and that all other versions of the coat of arms of Austria were no longer in law. In accordance to this the Wappengesetz from 1984 and

297-615: The Franconian Rake derives from its appearance, which superficially resembles a flotsam filter or "flotsam rake" ( German : Treibgutrechen ), and it was therefore probably used as an emblem for villages based around timber-rafting facilities which grew up as a result of the transportation of logs by river. The Franconian Rake is first recorded in the early 14th century on the grave of the Würzburg Prince-bishop, Wolfram Wolfskeel von Grumbach (d. 1333), and in

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324-482: The Republic of Austria (federal coat of arms) consists of a free-floating, single-headed, black eagle with golden arms and a red tongue, whose chest is covered with a red shield crossed by a silver crossbar. The eagle wears a golden mural crown with three visible pinnacles on its head. A broken iron chain encloses the two talons. In his right talon he carries a golden sickle with the edge turned inwards, in his left talon

351-522: The coat of arms is HKS no. 14. The shape of the rake represents the holism of heaven and earth and was thus used by church bodies, such as the Bishopric of Würzburg , as a seal or in their coats of arms. Its three upward or heaven-facing points symbolise the Trinity of God, while its four downward or earthward-facing points represent the four points of the compass on earth. The present name of

378-426: The colours of the republic (red-white-red) as well as the new emblem composed personally by chancellor Karl Renner . The coat of arms was composed quickly due to the need for having a seal at the peace talks after World War I . The emblem consisted of a black tower representing the bourgeoisie, two crossed red hammers representing workers and a golden wreath of wheat representing farmers. The colours black, red and gold

405-399: The drawing in attachment 1 of Wappengesetz 1984 in which the eagle's feathers are grey and detailed, with the colours of bluegrey for the chain and dark gold for the other signs, is the actual official coat of arms of the Republic of Austria. There are some other different versions of the arms in use as of more in accordance to the blason of Art. 8a Abs. 2 B-VG, in which the eagle

432-901: The drawing of the actual Wappen der Republik Österreich is in Austrian law. The often used Bundesadler (federal eagle) is only a synonymous term in colloquial language. In Art. 8a Abs. 2 B-VG the blazon of the Federal Arms of the Republic of Austria is described as follows: Das Wappen der Republik Österreich (Bundeswappen) besteht aus einem freischwebenden, einköpfigen, schwarzen, golden gewaffneten und rot bezungten Adler, dessen Brust mit einem roten, von einem silbernen Querbalken durchzogenen Schild belegt ist. Der Adler trägt auf seinem Haupt eine goldene Mauerkrone mit drei sichtbaren Zinnen. Die beiden Fänge umschließt eine gesprengte Eisenkette. Er trägt im rechten Fang eine goldene Sichel mit einwärts gekehrter Schneide, im linken Fang einen goldenen Hammer. In translation: The coat of arms of

459-693: The field, but are formally considered objects on the field. Though there is some debate as to exactly which geometrical charges—with straight edges and running from edge to edge of the shield—constitute ordinaries, certain ones are agreed on by everyone. Except for the chief they are central to the shield. Ordinaries should not be mixed with Division of the field . The following are sometimes classed as ordinaries, sometimes as subordinaries (see below): Some geometric figures are not considered to be "honourable ordinaries" and are called "subordinaries". Very loosely, they are geometric or conventional charges that, unlike ordinaries, do not stretch from edge to edge of

486-410: The newly established Kingdom of Bavaria after the German mediatization of 1803. Only at this point did it become a symbol for the whole of Franconia in the public consciousness. Today the emblem is found as part of the coat of arms of many administrative bodies in the Franconian region e.g. the Bavarian provinces of Upper , Middle and Lower Franconia , as well as in adjacent districts covering

513-404: The ordinaries (and occasionally collections of charges), and consists in placing the ordinary between two diminutive versions of itself (and occasionally other things). A pale so treated is usually blazoned endorsed and a chevron very occasionally couple closed or between two couple closes. A chief, however, cannot be cottised. The ordinary and its cottices need not have the same tincture or

540-422: The ordinary, as follows. The cottise (the spelling varies—sometimes only one t and sometimes c instead of the s ) originated as an alternative name to cost (see above) and so as a diminutive of the bend, most commonly found in pairs on either side of a bend, with the bend being blazoned either as between two cottises or as cottised . Nowadays cottising is used not just for bends but for practically all

567-411: The same line ornamentation. Ordinaries very occasionally get cottised by things shaped quite differently from their diminutives—like demi maple leaves. Occasionally a collection of charges aligned as if on an ordinary— in bend , etc.—is accompanied by cotticing. Any type of charge, but probably most often the ordinaries and subordinaries, can be "voided"; without further description, this means that

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594-495: The shield. There is no definitive list or definition, but they generally include: Fixed subordinaries are those that have a particular place to go on a shield—or at least a very limited range of places. Other subordinaries can be placed anywhere on the field. Ordinaries need not be bounded by straight lines. When a coat of arms contains two or more of an ordinary, they are nearly always blazoned (in English) as diminutives of

621-666: The single headed eagle alludes, in the sense of the removal of the left hand , "Hungarian" head, to the removal of the eastern part of the Habsburg Empire. However, Addendum 202 to the 1919 Law on the State Arms and the State Seal of the Republic of German Austria states expressly that the "new" single headed Austrian eagle is based not on the double headed eagle (symbol of the Habsburgs since 1804, and previously of

648-423: The territory of the historic East Franconian lands, e.g. Main-Tauber-Kreis in the state of Baden-Württemberg or Hildburghausen in southern Thuringia , and many towns and villages, e.g. in the coat of arms of Volkach or Frankenhardt . So the Franconian Rake demonstrates an allegiance to the common heritage, although the Franconian lands have been split between many lords over the centuries. The Franconian Rake

675-476: The traditional ordinaries. Diminutives of ordinaries and some subordinaries are charges of the same shape, though thinner. Most of the ordinaries are theoretically said to occupy one-third of the shield; but this is rarely observed in practice, except when the ordinary is the only charge (as in the coat of arms of Austria ). The terms ordinary and subordinary are somewhat controversial, as they have been applied arbitrarily and inconsistently among authors, and

702-512: The use of these terms has been disparaged by some leading heraldic authorities. In his Complete Guide to Heraldry (1909), Arthur Charles Fox-Davies asserted that the terms are likely inventions of heraldic writers and not of heralds , arguing the "utter absurdity of the necessity for any [such] classification at all," and stating that the ordinaries and sub-ordinaries are, in his mind, "no more than first charges." Ordinaries (sometimes called " honourable ordinaries ") resemble partitions of

729-474: Was deliberately chosen because they were the national colours of Germany , the three colours associated with republican Germany (as opposed to red, white and black), as first manifested within German lands in 1778 . However, the new emblazon was withdrawn as it was met with heavy criticism from, for example, Adolf Loos and heraldists; the proposal was seen as too similar to commercial advertising. A decision by

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