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45-599: Two tunnels of the Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line have been put below the Kreuz. The Kreuz is situated at the northeastern corner of Frankfurt Airport . Along with the airport and the airport's long-distance railway station , the Frankfurter Kreuz is commonly seen as a symbol of Frankfurt's good connections to the world. With approximately 320,000 cars daily, it is the most heavily used interchange in

90-623: A Minister of Justice and is implicitly forbidden to head one of these departments himself, as the constitution invests these ministers with some special powers. For example, the Minister of Defence is commander-in-chief during peacetime (only in wartime does the Chancellor becomes supreme commander), the Minister of Economic Affairs may veto decisions by the Federal Cartel Office and the Minister of Justice appoints and dismisses

135-481: A cabinet committee chaired by the Chancellor. Pursuant to its (classified) rules of procedure, its sessions are confidential. According to practice, the Federal Government presents an annual report on arms exports, which contains statistical information on export permits issued and gives figures for the types of arms concerned as well as their destination. As a general rule, the Federal Government, if asked,

180-400: A department; this is not usual, but it has occurred on three occasions with Konrad Adenauer and Willy Brandt also serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs, while Helmut Schmidt held the post of Minister of Defence. The Chancellor's freedom to shape his cabinet is only limited by some constitutional provisions: The Chancellor has to appoint a Minister of Defence, a Minister of Economic Affairs and

225-458: A maximum speed of about 160 km/h (100 mph). Work is being carried out to create separate tracks for the high-speed line through the heavily used Cologne rail junction from its provisional connection to the conventional line at Köln Steinstraße, where trains are limited to 130 km/h (80 mph) through the points . The line is being extended to Cologne-Mülheim station through Cologne Messe/Deutz railway station (low level). This work

270-558: A new Chancellor (and a new cabinet), the Chancellor and their ministers stay in office as an acting cabinet on the President's request, until the Bundestag has elected a new Chancellor. An acting cabinet and its members have (theoretically) the same powers as an ordinary cabinet, but the Chancellor may not ask the Bundestag for a motion of confidence or ask the President for the appointment of new ministers. If an acting minister leaves

315-543: A political vacuum left by the removal of Chancellor through a vote of confidence and the failure to elect a new one in their place, as had happened during the Weimar period with the Reichstag removing Chancellors but failing to agree on the election of a new one. If the Chancellor loses a simple confidence motion (without the election of a new Chancellor by the Bundestag ), this does not force them out of office, but allows

360-581: A separate, double line would connect Cologne and the high-speed line to the south with Cologne-Bonn airport for the S-Bahn and ICE traffic. In Rhineland-Palatinate, DB decided that a station would be built north of Montabaur only 21 kilometres (13 mi) north of Limburg Sud, partly to serve Koblenz via the A48 , and to reroute a local railway through it. In Hesse, DB decided to build the Limburg station south of

405-623: Is equipped for speeds up to 300 km/h (186 mph) between Siegburg and Frankfurt, closely following the A3 autobahn . The former Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) began planning for a network of high-speed lines for both passenger and freight trains in the 1960s. The 1973 federal transport plan included a high-speed line between Cologne and Groß-Gerau (near Frankfurt), as well as between Hanover and Würzburg and between Mannheim and Stuttgart . This plan envisaged that mixed traffic would require: These specifications would be difficult to achieve either near

450-664: Is the chief executive body of the Federal Republic of Germany . It consists of the Federal Chancellor and cabinet ministers . The fundamentals of the cabinet's organisation, as well as the method of its election and appointment, along with the procedure for its dismissal, are set down in articles 62 through 69 of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany ( Grundgesetz ). In contrast to

495-437: Is the chief executive leader. Therefore, the whole cabinet's tenure is linked to the Chancellor's tenure: The Chancellor's (and the cabinet's) term automatically ends, if a newly elected Bundestag sits for the first time, if they are replaced by a constructive vote of no confidence , or if the Chancellor resigns or dies. Nevertheless, apart from the case of a constructive vote of no confidence , which by nature instantly invests

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540-490: Is then obliged to appoint. If the Bundestag fails to do so, a last ballot will be held on the 15th day (again the parties in the Bundestag may field candidates): If an individual is elected with the Chancellor-majority, the President must appoint them as Chancellor. If not, the President is free to either appoint the individual, who received a plurality of votes on this last ballot, as Chancellor or to dissolve

585-482: The Bundesrat (as yet, this has never been applied). The President is, however, not bound to follow the Chancellor's request in both cases. The Chancellor and the other members of the cabinet are allowed to be also members of the Bundestag (though they are not required to be). The Chancellor is elected by the federal parliament ( Bundestag ) on proposal of the President of Germany with a majority of all members of

630-648: The Abzweig Köln-Steinstrasse in the Cologne borough of Porz . Whilst the connection loop to Cologne-Bonn Airport , the Cologne Airport loop , is technically not a part of the high-speed line , it was built as a part of the general refurbishments in the Cologne area due to the line, and hence is generally regarded as part of the project. The line has four stations, Siegburg/Bonn , Montabaur , Limburg Süd and Frankfurt Airport . The line

675-595: The Bundesautobahn 3 for the greater part, and currently the travel time is about 62 minutes. The line's grades of up to four percent require trains with a high power-to-weight ratio which is currently only met by third-generation and fourth-generation Intercity-Express trains, with the latter operating at reduced speeds. It was constructed between 1995 and 2002 at a total cost of six billion Euro according to Deutsche Bahn . The line starts in Cologne at

720-400: The Bundestag ( Chancellor-majority ). However, the Bundestag is free to disregard the President's proposal (which has, as of 2023, never happened), in which case the parliament may within 14 days hold further ballots and try to elect another individual, which the parties in the Bundestag can now propose themselves, to the post with the same so called Chancellor-majority, whom the President

765-493: The Bundestag and call a snap election within 60 days. Following their election in the Bundestag , the Chancellor-elect will visit Bellevue Palace , the residence of the President, to receive a certificate of appointment. This is the moment, the elected individual actually enters office. After this short appointment-ceremony, the Chancellor returns to the Bundestag , in order to take the oath of office. Having taken

810-553: The European Union . This German road or road transport-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cologne%E2%80%93Frankfurt high-speed rail line The Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line ( German : Schnellfahrstrecke Köln–Rhein/Main ) is a 180-kilometre-long (110 mi) high-speed line in Germany , connecting the cities of Cologne and Frankfurt . Its route follows

855-529: The Public Prosecutor General . If two ministers disagree on a particular point, the cabinet resolves the conflict by a majority vote ( Kollegialprinzip or principle of deference) or the Chancellor decides the case themselves. This often depends on the Chancellor's governing style. The Chancellor has to appoint one of the cabinet ministers as Vice Chancellor , who may deputise for the Chancellor in their absence. In coalition governments

900-627: The Right Rhine line when it separates at Troisdorf. Between Porz and Troisdorf there are six parallel lines and the speed limit on the HSL is 200 km/h (125 mph). At Troisdorf the HSL runs through a 627-metre (686 yd) tunnel under connecting lines that allow passenger trains running on the Sieg line to transfer to the Right Rhine line and freight trains on the freight lines to transfer to

945-628: The Siegburg/Bonn station was finally completed. In Cologne ICE trains follow three paths to reach the high-speed line: The first two routes allow trains to run via Cologne–Bonn airport loop line, rejoining the main route at Cologne-Porz-Wahn . The high-speed line's dedicated track begins in Cologne-Porz and is located between the Sieg Railway and the line from Gremberg yard and the Cologne south bridge, which, in effect, becomes

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990-520: The states of North Rhine-Westphalia , Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse over the route. Each state had objections to the bypassing of the cities on the Rhine, particularly Bonn , Andernach , Koblenz , Mainz and Wiesbaden and four other routes were examined that passed through some of these. No agreement was reached and the Federal Cabinet agreed on 20 December 1989 to a recommendation of

1035-508: The A3 from the old station would be required and that the line would go on to connect to the Riedbahn both northbound (towards Frankfurt) and southbound (towards Mannheim). Although the route as set out above was adopted under the federal railway development law on 15 November 1993, the last legal challenge to the project was not resolved until September 1998. In the meantime DB decided to reduce

1080-458: The Chancellor, if they wish to do so, to ask the President of Germany for the dissolution of the Bundestag , triggering a snap election within 60 days (this happened in 1972 , 1983 , and 2005 ), or to ask the President to declare a legislative state of emergency, which allows the cabinet to use a simplified legislative procedure, in which bills proposed by the cabinet only need the consent of

1125-431: The President to dismiss a minister or to appoint a new minister; the President's appointment is only a formality, he may not refuse a Chancellor's request for dismissal or appointment of a minister. The Chancellor also decides the scope of each minister's duties and can at his own discretion nominate ministers heading a department and so-called ministers for special affairs without an own department. A Chancellor can also lead

1170-585: The Sieg line (and vice versa for northbound trains). In Troisdorf the Right Rhine line leaves the high-speed line and runs through Bonn-Beuel towards Koblenz. The HSL follows the Siegstrecke to the rebuilt Siegburg/Bonn station and then heads south to run through the Siegauen Tunnel under the Sieg . At that very point it joins the A3, which it parallels south bound towards Frankfurt Airport . Between

1215-740: The Siegauen Tunnel and the Main Bridge (near Frankfurt) the speed limit is 300 km/h (186 mph) and from there to the airport station trains run at 160 to 220 km/h (100 to 140 mph). In the Wiesbaden suburb of Breckenheim a double line connects to Wiesbaden , partly next to the A66 and then next to the Ländches Railway . Trains run into the Wiesbaden terminal station and can then reverse out to go to Mainz and Mannheim. The 13.2-kilometre-long (8.2 mi) Wiesbaden branch has

1260-610: The Transport Minister to adopt the A3 route and, among other things, to include a station at Limburg . DB then consulted with the states and community groups over the details of the route. In North Rhine-Westphalia there was considerable debate over the location of the station to serve the Bonn area and on how to serve the Cologne-Bonn Airport . DB decided that the station would be built at Siegburg and that

1305-639: The Vice Chancellor is usually the highest ranking minister of the second-biggest coalition party. If the Chancellor dies or is unwilling or unable to act as Chancellor after the end of their term, until a new Chancellor has been elected, the Vice Chancellor becomes Acting Chancellor until the election of a new Chancellor by the Bundestag , who then has to form a new government. (To date, this has happened once: On 7 May 1974 Chancellor Willy Brandt resigned and declared his refusal to act as Chancellor until his successor's election. Vice Chancellor Walter Scheel

1350-602: The cabinet is quorate only if at least half of the ministers including the chair (the Chancellor or in their absence the Vice Chancellor) are present. The cabinet regularly convenes on Wednesday mornings in the Chancellery . According to established practice, decisions on important armaments exports are made by the Federal Security Council  [ de ] ( Bundessicherheitsrat ),

1395-449: The cabinet, another member of government has to take over their department. The Chancellor is responsible for guiding the cabinet and deciding its political direction ( Richtlinienkompetenz ). According to the principle of departmentalization ( Ressortprinzip ), the cabinet ministers are free to carry out their duties independently within the boundaries set by the Chancellor's political directives. The Chancellor may at any time ask

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1440-526: The first passenger services commenced, originally with a two-hourly service and later with an hourly service. In December 2002, the full service commenced, integration into the European timetable, although there were many disruptions to services in the first few months due to technical failures. On 13 June 2004 the Cologne Bonn Airport loop was put into service. At the end of September 2004

1485-399: The first time an ICE 3 ran on the line, on a 37-kilometre-long (23 mi) section between Frankfurt airport and Idstein . During construction, traffic on the neighbouring A3 was significantly affected and up to 48 building sites with a reduced maximum speed of 100 km/h (60 mph) were operating simultaneously on the autobahn. Up to 15,000 people were employed on the construction of

1530-456: The line to Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof and to the Riedbahn (the line to Mannheim ). It was decided that routing the line into the existing Frankfurt Airport station (now known as the regional train station ) with two 400-metre-long (440 yd) tracks and a 200-metre-long (220 yd) track would not be adequate, even if expanded to four or five tracks. DB decided that a separate station across

1575-511: The minimum radius of curves to 3.320 kilometres (2.063 mi) and increased the maximum super-elevation of the track to 180 millimetres ( 7 + 1 ⁄ 16  in) (to follow the A3 more closely), reduced the spacing between tracks from 4.70 to 4.50 metres (15 ft 5 in to 14 ft 9 in) (to save space) and increased the area of tunnel cross-sections from 82 to 92 square metres (880 to 990 sq ft) (to allow higher speeds for converging trains). The route as finally designed

1620-422: The oath, the Chancellor will once again visit Bellevue Palace, this time joined by the individuals the Chancellor intends to propose as members of the cabinet. The President will officially appoint the new cabinet members, again handing over certificates of appointment. After the ministers are appointed, they return to the Bundestag and take their oaths of office, completing the appointment-process. The Chancellor

1665-468: The railway line. 7.5 million m (9.8 million cu yd) of earth was removed during the tunnel construction and approximately 3 million m (3.9 million cu yd) of concrete were poured. 1,400 miners were hired and 13 people died in accidents during construction of the tunnels. The symbolic opening of the line took place on 25 July 2002 with a special train carrying approximately 700 honoured guests. On 1 August 2002,

1710-839: The route was settled in May 1997. On 13 May Federal Minister of Transport Matthias Wissmann in Siegburg turned the first sod in North Rhine-Westphalia. The last section to commence construction was the Schloss-Röttgen tunnel on the Cologne-Bonn airport loop, which was required in the settlement of a law case: work on it commenced in December 2000. The first section completed was the new Frankfurt airport station, which went into operation on 30 May 1999. The opening of

1755-545: The system under the Weimar Republic , the Bundestag may only dismiss the Chancellor with a constructive vote of no confidence (electing a new Chancellor at the same time) and can thereby only choose to dismiss the Chancellor with their entire cabinet and not simply individual ministers. These procedures and mechanisms were put in place to prevent election of a new Adolf Hitler and to ensure that there will not be

1800-471: The town at its current location on cost grounds, even though this prevented a connection to the Lahn valley line , which would have provided a connection to Koblenz and Gießen . Options for connections to Wiesbaden were examined in detail, including routing the line through its eastern outskirts. DB eventually agreed to a double-line spur to Wiesbaden along the A66 . Options for connections to Frankfurt Airport,

1845-449: The traditional Rhine valley route , which follows an entrenched meander , or along DB's preferred route next to the A3, which has long and steep climbs and descents. The second federal transport plan in 1985 (which was drawn up when the first TGV line had been operating for four years) included a passenger train-only railway, which meant that much steeper grades would be acceptable. The technical standards adopted were: DB negotiated with

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1890-464: The whole route, which had originally been planned for 1999, took place after numerous court challenges and geological problems, at the end of July 2002. The last tracks of the route in the Schulwald tunnel were installed on 10 July 2001. In the same month the first trips with diesel locomotives were run to adjust the height of the overhead electric lines on the southern section. On 22 October 2001 for

1935-544: Was appointed as Acting Chancellor and served until the election of Helmut Schmidt on 16 May.) The Chancellor is in charge of the government's administrative affairs, which are usually delegated to the Head of staff of the Chancellery , who is usually also appointed as minister for special affairs. Details are laid down in the government's rules for internal procedures ( Geschäftsordnung ). These state, for example, that

1980-549: Was intended to allow trains to cover the distance between Cologne and Frankfurt in 58 minutes, although the fastest time in 2023 is 66 minutes served by an ICE Sprinter service, and only supposed to be reduced to 64 minutes by the Deutschlandtakt . The construction of the route began on 13 December 1995 with the turning of the first sod at the Frankfurter Kreuz autobahn junction and the last dispute over

2025-573: Was intended to be part of the original high-speed line project, but was dropped to reduce costs. When completed in 2008 this work will reduce the time between Frankfurt and Düsseldorf by 10 minutes. Cabinet of Germany The Federal Cabinet (German: Bundeskabinett pronounced [ˈbʊndəskabiˌnɛt] ), or according to the German Basic Law , the Federal Government (German: Bundesregierung ),

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