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Franklin Sound Islands Important Bird Area

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64-642: The Franklin Sound Islands Important Bird Area comprises several small islands, with a collective total area of 1725 ha, lying in Franklin Sound between the much larger Flinders Island to the north and Cape Barren Island to the south, in the Furneaux Group of Tasmania , Australia . The islands have been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because they support over 1% of

128-585: A backdrop to the town and is now part of the Mount Cook National Park . The area around Cooktown is unusually rich in biodiversity , being close to three major ecozones . Hence, it contains a large proportion of the 3,000 plant species, and the more than 500 terrestrial vertebrates, recorded on Cape York Peninsula. The region contains many rare or unusual species that are of great interest to botanists and zoologists. Guugu Yimithirr (also known as Koko Yindjir, Gugu Yimidhirr, Guguyimidjir)

192-556: A brickworks, a cabinetmaker, and two newspapers. The port of Cooktown served the nearby goldfields and, during the goldrush of the 1870s, a Chinese community many thousands strong grew up in the goldfields and in the town itself. The Chinese played an important role in the early days of Cooktown. They came originally as prospectors, but many established market gardens, supplying the town and the goldfields with fruit, vegetables and rice, while others opened shops. However, largely through cultural misunderstandings, conflict broke out between

256-472: A campaign by the Aboriginal population against their Commandant, Henry Jeanneret, which involved a petition to Queen Victoria, the remaining 47 Aboriginal people were again relocated, this time to Oyster Cove Station, an ex-convict settlement 56 kilometres south of Tasmania's capital, Hobart . Land on the neighbouring Cape Barren Island was formally reserved for the Aboriginal community in 1881. From

320-495: A lot" and "hunted" Aboriginal people along the way at the Normanby River , Kennedy River, Kavanaugh Creek, St George River and at Battle Camp. At Battle Camp, a large group of Aboriginal men approached MacMillan's camp yelling a war cry, but were forced back by gunfire, some of whom fell. The expedition members then pursued them to a lagoon where many more were shot. Two Aboriginal women and three children were brought back to

384-685: A minor refurbishment in 2015. In 2015 the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns opened the Holy Spirit College as a secondary school for disengaged and marginalised young people. It has with two campuses, one in Cooktown and one in Cairns . The school draws students from a wide area. The Cooktown campus includes a 32-bed boarding facility to offer weekly boarding so that students can return to their families and communities on

448-491: A party in establishing a port on the Endeavour River and a road from there to the goldfields. MacMillan arrived at the river on 25 October 1873 on board the vessel Leichhardt with an entourage of around seventy other government men and prospectors. A new township was immediately established on the southern bank of the river which was later officially gazetted under the name of Cooktown. A local Aboriginal man who took

512-507: A popular tourist destination. The paving of the Mulligan Highway now provides all-weather access by road for the first time. There are two flights a day connecting Cooktown with Cairns. The town now has good communications, more services, better roads, and offers residents a relaxed and healthy lifestyle. Cooktown is a service centre for the district including the Aboriginal communities of Hope Vale , 47 kilometres (29 mi) to

576-540: A population of feral turkeys ( Meleagris gallopavo ). Flinders Island has a mild oceanic climate ( Cfb ) that is strongly moderated by the Bass Strait. The summers are drier and less cloudy than the winters, and annual average rainfall totals less than 800 mm (31 in). A 30 km tract of land on the island, lying mainly to the north and east of Whitemark, has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it contains three breeding colonies of

640-539: A surveying flag while the area was being initially charted was shot at with a barrage of gunfire from both colonists aboard the Leichhardt and from Native Police under the command of Robert Arthur Johnstone . The man managed to survive unharmed. MacMillan soon after led an expedition of 110 diggers, police and officials to blaze a trail from Cooktown to the Palmer River Goldfields . They "shot

704-604: Is about 857 kilometres (533 mi) south of Cape York by road. Cooktown is at the mouth of the Endeavour River , on Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland where James Cook beached his ship, the Endeavour , for repairs in 1770. The town was named after Cook. The rugged Mount Cook (431 metres (1,414 ft)) was named by Phillip Parker King on 27 June 1818, after James Cook. It forms

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768-671: Is an Australian Aboriginal language of Hope Vale and the Cooktown area. The language region includes the local government area of the Aboriginal Shire of Hope Vale and the Shire of Cook , particularly the localities of Cape Bedford , Battle Camp and sections of the Normanby River and Annan River . In the local Guugu Yimithirr language the name for the region is Gangaar Aboriginal pronunciation: [ɡ̊anˈɡaːr] , which means "(Place of the) Rock Crystals". Quartz crystals were used in various Aboriginal ceremonies across

832-400: Is now known as Reconciliation Rocks. A "little old man" appeared from the group of Indigenous Australians and they were reconciled. This was an important historic event as it is believed that this is the first recorded reconciliation between Europeans and Indigenous Australians ever". Cook named the river the "Endeavour" after his ship, and, as they sailed north, he hoisted the flag known as

896-540: Is only one of the many islands included in the Municipal area. Of these islands Flinders Island is the only island with more than one permanent settlement, and is by far the largest in the Furneaux Group. The island is about 62 kilometres (39 mi) from north to south, and 37 kilometres (23 mi) from east to west. with a total land area of 1,333 square kilometres (515 sq mi). Mount Strzelecki in

960-403: Is operated to the island weekly by Furneaux Freight between Bridport, Tasmania and Lady Barron, Tasmania and also monthly from Port Welshpool, Victoria . Australian telecom provider Telstra offers the only mobile phone service on the island, providing 3G and 4G coverage across both Flinders and Cape Barren Island. Internet access is limited to either a satellite dish connection or to use

1024-477: Is the sole placental mammal commonly found on Flinders. It is the only remaining habitat of a subspecies of common wombat, V. u. ursinus , which is listed as vulnerable by the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and IUCN Red List . The area surrounding Mount Strzelecki in the south west of the island constitutes Strzelecki National Park . The island also supports

1088-675: Is where it stopped. By that time the gold was petering out, so the Queensland Government refused further funding for the venture. In spite of this, the train proved to be a lifeline for the Peninsula people connecting the hinterland to Cooktown, from where one could catch a boat to Cairns and other southern ports. The line was closed in 1961 after the Peninsula Development Road was built connecting Cooktown and other Peninsula communities with Cairns and

1152-824: The Atherton Tableland to the south. The Cooktown Parish of the Roman Catholic Church was established in 1874 with the Cooktown becoming the seat of the Vicariate Apostolic of Cooktown in 1877 (which became the Diocese of Cairns in 1941). Cooktown's magnificent Botanic Garden of 62 hectares (150 acres) was established near the town in 1878. Much work was done in the early stages – with wells sunk, water reticulated, garden beds enclosed, stone-lined paths, stone-pitched pools and footbridges made, and lawns, trees and shrubs planted. Although

1216-604: The British Museum and Kew Gardens . King returned again to the region in 1820 as part of the same surveying expedition and this time collated a small record of the local Aboriginal language. He established that Captain Cook was incorrect in the interpretation of the word kangaroo , with King noting that menuah was the local name for the large macropod . Large outrigger canoes made by the resident Aboriginal people were also noted. In 1872, William Hann discovered gold in

1280-577: The Palmer River , about 200 kilometres (120 mi) inland from the Endeavour River. His findings were reported to James Venture Mulligan who led an expedition to the Palmer River in 1873. Mulligan's expedition found quantities of alluvial gold and thus began the gold rush that was to bring prospectors from all over the world. The Queensland government responded quickly to Mulligan's reports, and dispatched Archibald Campbell MacMillan to lead

1344-536: The Palmer River , the Bloomfield River , China Camp , Maytown , and Palmerville . The site of modern Cooktown was the meeting place of two vastly different cultures when, in June 1770, the local Aboriginal Guugu Yimithirr tribe cautiously watched the crippled sailing ship – His Majesty's Bark Endeavour – limp up the coast seeking a safe harbour after sustaining serious damage to its wooden hull on

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1408-567: The Wybalenna Aboriginal Establishment at Settlement Point. Wybalenna is translated as "dwellings" or more colloquially "Black Man's Houses" from the language of the Ben Lomond people . These ~180 survivors were deemed to be safe from white settlers here, but conditions were poor with around 130 Aboriginal people dying at Wybalenna alone. This forced relocation scheme was therefore short-lived. In 1847, after

1472-588: The endangered forty-spotted pardalote and habitat used by flame robins . It also supports populations of several of Tasmania's restricted-range endemic bird species, including the green rosella , yellow-throated honeyeater , black-headed honeyeater , strong-billed honeyeater , Tasmanian thornbill , black currawong and dusky robin . A 187 km strip of land extending the full 70 km length of Flinders Island's eastern coastline has also been identified as an IBA. it supports small numbers of fairy terns , large numbers of hooded plovers and over 1% of

1536-419: The short-tailed shearwater ( Puffinus tenuirostris ). Marsupial mammals are represented by Bennett's wallaby ( Macropus rufogriseus ), brushtail possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula ), eastern pygmy possum ( Cercartetus nanus ), potoroo ( Potorous apicalis ), common ringtail possum ( Pseudocheirus peregrinus ) and Tasmanian pademelon ( Thylogale billardierii ). The cape fur seal ( Arctocephalus pusillus )

1600-422: The " Queen Anne Jack " and claimed possession of the whole eastern coast of Australia for Britain. He named Cape York Peninsula after the then- Duke of York and Albany (" The Grand Old Duke of York "). In 1969 an American-sponsored expedition discovered six of Cook's cannons, as well as ballast from his ship. These artifacts are now in various museums around the world. The next recorded European expedition to

1664-484: The "Peninsula Development Road" opened up to the south, the population declined to just a few hundred people before it gradually began to climb again. Since then, Cooktown and the Endeavour River Valley area have become a major attraction to biologists and illustrators of plants and animals. Vera Scarth-Johnson (1912–1999), spent almost thirty years (1972 to 1999) illustrating the flowering plants of

1728-431: The 3G/4G network. Cooktown, Queensland Download coordinates as: Cooktown is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Cook , Queensland , Australia. Cooktown is at the mouth of the Endeavour River , on Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland where James Cook beached his ship, the Endeavour , for repairs in 1770. Both the town and Mount Cook (431 metres or 1,415 feet) which rises up behind

1792-434: The Aboriginal people and the new settlers, and the diggers. The Cooktown Herald , 8 December 1875, reported: "The natives wholly ignorant of the terrible firepower of fire-arms, and confiding in their numbers, showed a ferocity and daring wholly unexpected and unsurpassed. Grasping the very muzzles of the rifles they attempted to wrest them from the hands of the whites, standing to be shot down, rather than yield an inch...." It

1856-750: The Bloomfield River. Also in 1888, five Irish nuns from the Sisters of Mercy Order arrived in Cooktown and established a Catholic convent school. The original building is now used as the Cooktown Museum (formerly the James Cook Historical Museum). In 1893 the town was described as follows: With the gold rush over, the number of people living in the area started dwindling. Two major fires struck Cooktown – in 1875 and, again, in 1919 when whole blocks of buildings in

1920-460: The Commission members and local residents as they left on 7 August 1887. Transport was an ongoing problem for the new settlers. Getting supplies and people to the goldfields often took three weeks. After every wet season the tracks and bridges had to be remade. A railway line from Cooktown to Maytown , was planned, but it took five years to get the 67 miles (108 km) to Laura – and that

1984-660: The Endeavour Reef, south of Cooktown. The Guugu Yimithirr people saw the Endeavour beach in the calm waters near the mouth of their river, which they called "Wahalumbaal". The captain of the Endeavour, Lieutenant James Cook, wrote: "... it was happy for us that a place of refuge was at hand; for we soon found that the ship would not work, and it is remarkable that in the whole course of our voyage we had seen no place that our present circumstances could have afforded us

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2048-464: The Endeavour and McIvor River valleys. Tin was found in the Annan River area, south of Cooktown, in 1884. In 1886, Lutheran missionaries came to Cooktown to establish a secure place for the Aboriginal people who were living in abominable conditions on the edge of the town. Missions were established at Elim on the beach (later they moved inland to Hopevale ), and Wujal Wujal , near the mouth of

2112-910: The Lutheran missions at Hope Vale and Bloomfield were forcibly removed – most being taken south to Woorabinda in May, 1942, while some of the elderly people were sent to Palm Island . The senior missionary, Pastor Schwartz (known as Muni to the local people), was arrested and placed in internment, suspected of being an enemy sympathiser. The Aboriginal people were not allowed to return to their homelands until 1949. Many Aboriginal people died when moved from their traditional lands, and many Aboriginal and white families never returned from their exile. In October 1942 detachments of 16 Australian Field Company, Royal Australian Engineers travelled to Cooktown, Mount Surprise and Coen to build Repeater Huts. Some 20,000 Australian and American troops were stationed in and around

2176-423: The area and about 4,000 permanent residents in the town by 1880. At that time, Cooktown boasted a large number of hotels and guest houses. There were 47 licensed pubs within the town boundaries in 1874 although this number had dropped to 27 by the beginning of 1880. There were also a number of illegal grog shops and several brothels. There were bakeries, a brewery and a soft drinks factory, dressmakers and milliners,

2240-625: The area was in 1819, when Captain Phillip Parker King on board HMS Mermaid , visited the Endeavour River during his surveying voyage around Australia. They camped for two weeks at the mouth of the river in order to construct a new dinghy, and had mostly friendly interactions with the local Aboriginal people until an argument occurred over the possession of clothes. Spears and musket-fire were exchanged but no injuries were sustained. A botanist, Allan Cunningham , accompanied King on this journey and collected numerous botanical specimens for

2304-403: The camp by the diggers after one of the shootings, where they had in their possession a number of items from a digger who was supposed killed. A later government enquiry into the events found that the expedition members had acted in self defence and were justified in their actions. The Palmer River Goldfields and its centre, Maytown grew quickly, the recorded output of gold from 1873 to 1890

2368-416: The continent and are found in the vicinity; they were traded from the Cooktown region at least as far as Mossman , about 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of Cooktown, and possibly much further. Yalanji (also known as Kuku Yalanji , Kuku Yalaja , Kuku Yelandji , and Gugu Yalanji) is an Australian Aboriginal language of Far North Queensland . The traditional language region is Mossman River in

2432-613: The east side of Bass Strait, named by Phillip Parker King; an island in the Investigator Group of South Australia , named by Matthew Flinders after his young brother Samuel Flinders (midshipman on the Investigator ); and an island in the Flinders Group north of Cooktown, Queensland was named after Matthew Flinders. In the late 18th century, the island was often frequented by sealers and Aboriginal women,

2496-488: The gardens fell into disrepair, in recent years they have been expanded and are a popular destination for botanists and nature lovers. Most of the early stonework has been restored, and beautiful walking tracks lead the visitor through the Botanic Garden to the magnificent beaches at Finch Bay and Cherry Tree Bay. In 1881, a bridge over the Endeavour River was completed, which opened up the richer pastoral lands of

2560-547: The global populations of the Cape Barren goose , short-tailed shearwater , white-faced storm-petrel , black-faced cormorant , sooty oystercatcher and Pacific gull . Islands in the Franklin Sound islands IBA include: 40°17′14″S 148°12′02″E  /  40.28722°S 148.20056°E  / -40.28722; 148.20056 This Tasmania geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Flinders Island Flinders Island ,

2624-550: The islands Furneaux's Islands, after Tobias Furneaux. Flinders named the largest island in the group "Great Island". He also named a group of mountains on Flinders Island, the "Three Patriarchs". The small island just to the east, Flinders named " Babel Island " from the noises made by the seabirds there. Phillip Parker King later named the largest island Flinders Island, after Matthew Flinders. Flinders named Mount Chappell Island after his wife Ann née Ann Chappelle. There are three islands named "Flinders' Island"—the large island on

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2688-592: The largest island in the Furneaux Group , is a 1,367-square-kilometre (528 sq mi) island in the Bass Strait , northeast of the island of Tasmania . Today Flinders Island is part of the state of Tasmania, Australia . It is 54 kilometres (34 mi) from Cape Portland and is located on 40° south, a zone known as the Roaring Forties . Flinders Island was first inhabited at least 35,000 years ago, when people made their way from Australia across

2752-502: The late 19th century freehold land was given out, but it was not until the 1950s that a proper settlement scheme was initiated, mainly drawing settlers from mainland Tasmania and central New South Wales to Flinders Island's eastern shore. The Municipality of Flinders Island was instituted in 1903. The island forms part of the state of Tasmania, and part of the Municipality of Flinders Island local government area . Flinders Island

2816-542: The main street were burned to the ground. A major cyclone in 1907 added to the destruction. By 1940, little evidence of Cooktown or Maytown's interesting past remained. During the Second World War , Cooktown became an important base for the war effort. The civilian population of Cooktown was encouraged to evacuate in face of the Japanese advances and by 1942 the vast majority had left. The Aboriginal people of

2880-504: The majority of whom had been kidnapped from their mainland tribes. Seal stocks soon collapsed, causing the last sealing permit to be issued in 1828. Many sealers' families chose to stay in the Furneaux Group, subsisting on cattle grazing and muttonbirding . From 1831, the remnants of the Tasmanian Aboriginal population were exiled firstly to "The Lagoons" just south of what is now the town of Whitemark , and then in 1833 to

2944-406: The name of the intriguing animal the natives called gangurru (which he transcribed as "Kangaru"). Cook recorded the local name as "Kangooroo, or Kanguru". The first recorded sighting of kangaroos by Europeans was on Grassy Hill, which rises above the place where the ship was beached. Cook climbed this hill to work out a safe passage for the Endeavour to sail through the surrounding reefs, after it

3008-433: The northwest, and Wujal Wujal , 72 kilometres (45 mi) to the south. Cooktown has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: Cooktown State School is a government primary and secondary (Prep–12) school for boys and girls at Cnr May & Charles Streets ( 15°28′55″S 145°15′03″E  /  15.4820°S 145.2507°E  / -15.4820; 145.2507  ( Cooktown State School ) ). In 2018,

3072-616: The number of families has increased from 218 to 243. As of 4 October 2010, Sharp Airlines has been operating services between Essendon, Flinders Island and Launceston. Using 19-seat Metroliners, they fly between Essendon Airport and Flinders Island Airport three return flights a week (65 minutes) and Launceston Airport and Flinders Island Airport at least daily (25 minutes). The Tasmanian Aeroclub, Kirkhope Aviation and Vortex Air also offer charter services between Launceston, Flinders Island and Victoria (as well as surrounding Islands). A ferry service delivering food and perishable goods

3136-498: The population is rising. The population of the Local Government Area, i.e. Flinders and Cape Barren Islands is 906; up from 776 in the 2011 Census and to 1010 in 2019. The population of the 7255 postal code area, i.e. Flinders, is 833 up from 702 in 2011, a rise of over 16% for the Municipality and over 18% for Flinders over the 5-year period. The median age of people in the Municipality has risen from 52 to 53, and

3200-490: The region and then gave her collection to the people of Cooktown. Following her wishes, a beautiful gallery and nature interpretive centre was built in the Cooktown Botanic Gardens to house her collection and promote the study and appreciation of the flora and fauna of the area, which she named "Nature's Powerhouse." The Cooktown Public Library opened in 1995 and underwent a major refurbishment in 2013 and

3264-409: The same relief". The British crew spent seven weeks on the site of present-day Cooktown, repairing their ship, replenishing food and water supplies, and caring for their sick. The scientist Joseph Banks and Swedish naturalist Daniel Solander , who accompanied Cook on the expedition, took advantage of the 7-week stay to collect, preserve and document over 200 new species of plants, which formed

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3328-521: The south to the Annan River in the north, bordered by the Pacific Ocean in the east and extending inland to west of Mount Mulgrave . This includes the local government boundaries of the Shire of Douglas , the Shire of Cook and the Aboriginal Shire of Wujal Wujal and the towns and localities of Cooktown, Mossman , Daintree , Cape Tribulation and Wujal Wujal . It includes the head of

3392-477: The south west is the island's highest peak at 782 metres (2,566 ft). About a third of the island is mountainous and rugged with ridges of granite running the length of the island. The coastal areas are dominated by sandy deposits often taking the shape of dunes . Many coastal lagoons punctuate the eastern shore, formed by dunes blocking further drainage. This drainage is mainly provided by many small streams, few of them permanently flowing directly leading to

3456-526: The southern islands, using one of the schooner Francis ' open boats. Later that year, Flinders returned and finished charting the islands in the Norfolk ; he then went on to complete the first circumnavigation of Tasmania (1798–99), accompanied by George Bass , proving Tasmania to be an island separated from the Australian mainland by Bass Strait, later named in honour of George Bass. James Cook named

3520-476: The then land-bridge which is now Bass Strait . A population remained until about 4,500 years ago, succumbing to thirst and hunger following an acute El Niño climate shift. Some of the south-eastern islands of the Furneaux Group were first recorded in 1773 by British navigator Tobias Furneaux , commander of HMS  Adventure , the support vessel with James Cook on Cook's second voyage . In February 1798, British navigator Matthew Flinders charted some of

3584-562: The town were named after James Cook. Cooktown is one of the few large towns in the Cape York Peninsula and was founded on 25 October 1873 as a supply port for the goldfields along the Palmer River . It was called "Cook's Town" until 1 June 1874. In the 2021 census , the locality of Cooktown had a population of 2,746 people. Cooktown is located about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) north of Brisbane and 328 kilometres (204 mi) north of Cairns , by road. Cooktown

3648-593: The town. The busy airfield played a key role in the crucial Battle of the Coral Sea when Japanese expansion towards the Australian mainland was finally halted. The last military unit, the 27th Operational Base Squadron of the RAAF , ceased operations in Cooktown in April 1946. In 1949, another cyclone devastated the town, and Cooktown's population declined further. With the closure of the rail link to Laura in 1961 and

3712-429: The vast majority of the collection brought back to England from Australia. The young artist Sydney Parkinson illustrated the specimens and he was the first British artist to portray Aboriginal people from direct observation. The illustrations were later published as the famous Banks' Florilegium . After some weeks, Joseph Banks met and spoke with the local people, recording about 50 Guugu Yimithirr words, including

3776-416: The waters of Bass Strait or such a lagoon. The coastal areas are mainly covered in scrub or shrubs , whereas the vegetation at a higher elevation consists of woodland, mainly eucalyptus species. The total number of plant species in the Furneaux Group well exceeds 800, showing the great biodiversity of its ecosystem . Native bird species include the Cape Barren goose ( Cereopsis novaehollandiae ) and

3840-490: The weekends. In the 2016 census , the locality of Cooktown had a population of 2,631 people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 14.5% of the population. 69.9% of people were born in Australia and 78.4% of people spoke only English at home. The most common response for religion was No Religion at 31.5%. In the 2021 census , the locality of Cooktown had a population of 2,746 people. Cooktown has become

3904-437: The world populations of chestnut teal , pied oystercatchers and sooty oystercatchers . The population in 2011 was 700 people; the median age being 45. Settlements include Whitemark (which has the island's main airstrip and about 155 inhabitants (2011) and Lady Barron (approx. 110 inhabitants), Blue Rocks , Killiecrankie, Wingaroo and Wybalenna (all below Lady Barron's population figure). The 2016 census shows that

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3968-433: Was an unequal struggle. Whole tribes were wiped out as European settlement spread over Cape York Peninsula . In 1887, a Chinese Investigation Commission to South-East Asia arrived in Cooktown from Canton to investigate the social conditions of Chinese living in the colonies and to establish consulates in them. The visit went well, General Wong Yung Ho was pleased with what they had found, and cheers were exchanged between

4032-405: Was over half a million ounces (more than 15,500 kg). Cooktown was the port through which this gold was exported and supplies for the goldfields brought in. Word of the gold quickly spread, and Cooktown was soon thriving, as prospectors arrived from around the world. Cooktown Post Office opened on 1 January 1874. Population estimates vary widely, but there were probably around 7,000 people in

4096-436: Was repaired. "The visit on the 19th of July 1770 ended in a skirmish after Cook refused to share the turtles he kept on the Endeavour with the local inhabitants. They set fire to the grass around Cook’s camp twice, burning the area and killing a suckling pig. After Cook wounded one of the men with a musket, they ran away. Cook, Banks and some others followed them and caught up with them on a rocky bar near Furneaux Street, which

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