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78-502: Frasch may refer to: Frasch, the North Frisian language Herman Frasch (1851–1914), German mining engineer and inventor Frasch process , a method of extracting sulfur from underground deposits, devised by Herman Frasch Tilman Frasch (active from 1994), German historian See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Frasch Topics referred to by

156-671: A dialect of insular North Frisian , with elements of Danish , Dutch and English . The island has a museum called Altfriesisches Haus (Sölring Museen, Altfriesisches Haus in Keitum). Today, only a small fraction of the population still speak Söl'ring. A law to promote the language ( Friesisch-Gesetz ) was passed in 2004. The northernmost part of the island, Listland , was traditionally Danish-speaking. As in many areas in Schleswig-Holstein on New Year's Eve , groups of children go masked from house to house, reciting poems. This

234-511: A fortress, with concrete bunkers built below the dunes at the shore, some of which are still visible today. Lager Sylt , the concentration camp on Alderney was named after the island. Rudolf Höss hid on the island after Nazi Germany 's defeat, but he was later captured and brought to trial in Poland. Today, Sylt is mainly a tourist destination, famous for its sandy beaches and healthy climate. The 40 km-long (25 mi) west beach has

312-707: A mainland group. North Frisian is closely related to the Saterland Frisian language of Northwest Germany and West Frisian which is spoken in the Netherlands. All of these are also closely related to the English language forming the Anglo-Frisian group. The phonological system of the North Frisian dialects is strongly being influenced by Standard German and is slowly adapting to that of

390-477: A merger of the Sylt-Ost municipality with the town of Westerland on 1 January 2009. Various interest groups hope to merge every island municipality into one governing body. Six municipalities are situated along the west coast of Sylt. List in the very north of the island constitutes Germany's northernmost municipality; it retained a certain independence due to its remote location and its long-time adherence to

468-497: A number of surf schools and also a nude section. The PWA World Tour Windsurf World Cup Sylt, established in 1984, is annually held at Westerland's beach front. Sylt is also popular for second home owners, and many German celebrities who own vacation homes on "the island". At the beginning of the 20th century, the bathing beaches on Sylt were segregated by sex into "ladies' bath" ( Damenbad ) and "men's bath" ( Herrenbad ); one bathed in long bathing dresses of that time period. From

546-582: A process which is still ongoing today. The northern and southern spits of Sylt are exclusively made up of infertile sand deposits, while the central part with the municipalities of Westerland , Wenningstedt-Braderup and Sylt-Ost consists of a geestland core, which becomes apparent in the form of the Red Cliff of Wenningstedt. The geestland facing the Wadden Sea gradually turns into fertile marshland around Sylt-Ost. Sylt has only been an island since

624-602: A total of 5,000 speakers inside and 1,500 to 2,000 speakers outside North Frisia proper. Exact surveys do not exist. North Frisian is an endangered language, as in most places, children no longer learn it. In UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger , North Frisian is classified as "severely endangered". Exceptions are a few villages on the islands of Föhr and Amrum and the Risum-Lindholm area. Especially in

702-529: Is 8.5 °C (47°F). The annually averaged wind speed measures 6.7 m/s (15 mph), predominantly from western directions. The annual rainfall amounts to about 650 millimetres (25½"). Since 1937 weather data are collected at Deutscher Wetterdienst 's northernmost station on a dune near List , which has meanwhile become automated. A number of commercial meteorological services like Meteomedia AG operate stations in List too. Sylt features an oceanic climate that

780-599: Is a former municipality which was formed in 1970 out of several small villages on the Nössehalbinsel of Sylt. The population (as of 2000) was 5,500. The villages included Tinnum , Munkmarsch , Archsum , Morsum and Keitum . In 2009, Sylt-Ost merged with Westerland and Rantum to form Gemeinde Sylt . Geographically, Sylt was originally part of Jutland (today Schleswig-Holstein and mainland Denmark ), with evidence of human habitation going back to 3000 BC at Denghoog . The first settlements of Frisians appeared during

858-621: Is also taught in schools on Föhr and the Risum Skole/Risem Schölj in Risum-Lindholm on the mainland is a combined Danish-North Frisian elementary school. All speakers of North Frisian are at least bilingual (North Frisian and German ). Many are trilingual (North Frisian, German and Low German ) and, especially along the Danish border, quadrilingualism used to be widespread (North Frisian, Standard German, Low German and South Jutlandic ). In Schleswig-Holstein, North Frisian

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936-561: Is an island in northern Germany , part of Nordfriesland district, Schleswig-Holstein , well known for the distinctive shape of its shoreline. It belongs to the North Frisian Islands and is the largest island in North Frisia . The northernmost island of Germany, it is known for its tourist resorts, notably Westerland , Kampen and Wenningstedt-Braderup , as well as for its 40-kilometre-long (25-mile) sandy beach. It

1014-403: Is currently provided by federal German, Schleswig-Holstein state and EU funds. Since 1972, an estimated 35.5 million cubic metres (46.4 million cu. yd.) of sand have been flushed ashore and dumped on Sylt. The measures have so far cost more than €134 million in total, but according to scientific calculations they are sufficient to prevent further loss of land for at least three decades, so

1092-479: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages North Frisian language North Frisian is a minority language of Germany , spoken by about 10,000 people in North Frisia . The language is part of the larger group of the West Germanic Frisian languages . The language comprises 10 dialects which are themselves divided into an insular and

1170-694: Is divided into two administrative bodies: the Amt Landschaft Sylt administers all municipalities on the island, save for the Gemeinde Sylt , which was established in 2009 from the formerly independent municipalities of Westerland , Rantum and Sylt-Ost . As of December 2007, Sylt had 21,190 inhabitants, 9,072 of whom living in Westerland. These numbers do not include owners of summer residences. A referendum held in May 2008 resulted in

1248-580: Is frequently covered by the media in connection with its exposed situation in the North Sea and its ongoing loss of land during storm tides . Since 1927, Sylt has been connected to the mainland by the Hindenburgdamm causeway. In later years, it has been a resort for the German jet set and tourists in search of occasional celebrity sightings. With 99.14 square kilometres (38.28 square miles), Sylt

1326-544: Is influenced by the Gulf Stream . On average, the winter season is slightly warmer than in mainland Nordfriesland. The summer season, however, is cooler despite longer sunshine periods. The yearly average sunshine period is greater than 4.4 hours per day with some years exceeding the average sunshine for all of Germany. Also precipitation is lower than on the mainland. This is due to the low relief of Sylt's shoreline where clouds are not able to accumulate and rain off. Sylt

1404-407: Is known as "Rummelpottlaufen", and as a reward, children receive sweets or money. Sylt also features many Frisian-style houses with thatched roofs . Since the mid-18th century, the vowel in the name of the island has been represented as "y" for unknown reasons, while older spellings are Sildt and Silt , allegedly derived from Danish sild " herring ", or maybe related to English silt . Sylt

1482-476: Is mentioned in a pangram , a sentence that uses every letter in the German alphabet, including every umlaut (ä, ö, ü) plus the ß: Victor jagt zwölf Boxkämpfer quer über den großen Sylter Deich ("Victor chases twelve boxers across the Great Levee of Sylt"). Among the first painters who discovered Sylt as a theme were Eugen Dücker and Eugen Bracht . Franz Korwan followed them. The painter Andreas Dirks

1560-634: Is only 320 metres (1,050 feet) wide. Its greatest width, from the town of Westerland in the west to the eastern Nössespitze near Morsum , measures 12.6 kilometres (7.8 miles). On the western and northwestern shore, there is a 40-kilometre-long (25-mile) sandy beach. To the east of Sylt, is the Wadden Sea , which belongs to the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park and mostly falls dry during low tide . The island's shape has constantly shifted over time,

1638-614: Is protected by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages as a minority language. On 24 December 2004 a state law became effective in Schleswig-Holstein that recognises the North Frisian language for official use in the Nordfriesland district and on Heligoland . Sylt Sylt ( German pronunciation: [ˈzʏlt] ; Danish : Sild ; Söl'ring North Frisian : Söl )

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1716-619: Is spoken on the Halligen islands, it is linguistically grouped with the mainland dialects) Mooring (dialect of Bökingharde ) Despite the differences between the dialects, the Fering and Öömrang are highly similar; in this example nearly identical. Another source that highlights the differences between all of the main dialects of North Frisian (even extinct ones) are translations of the Lord's Prayer. The following table further demonstrates

1794-498: Is the fourth-largest German island and the largest German island in the North Sea . Sylt is located from 9 to 16 kilometres (6–10 miles) off the mainland, to which it is connected by the Hindenburgdamm . Southeast of Sylt are the islands of Föhr and Amrum , to the north lies the Danish island of Rømø . The island of Sylt extends for 38 kilometres (24 miles) in a north-south direction. At its northern point at Königshafen , it

1872-523: Is thought to have developed from the dialects of immigrants from the Halligen and Strand island. The dialect that most recently died out is Southern Goesharde Frisian which became extinct with the death of its last speaker in the early 1980s. Other mainland dialects are also facing extinction. North of the German-Danish border North Frisian was spoken only in some marsh-farms, located directly at

1950-433: Is thought to result in increasing storm activity, which would result in increased land loss and, as a first impact, might mean the end of property insurance. Measurements showed that, unlike in former times, the wave energy of the sea is no longer lost offshore, today it carries its destructive effects on to the beaches proper. This will result in an annual loss of sand of 1.1 million m³ (1.4 million cu. yd.). The dunes of

2028-412: Is used for land reclamation . Also the grazing of sheep on the sea dikes and heaths of Sylt eventually serves coastal management, since the animals keep the vegetation short and compress the soil with their hooves. Thus they help create a denser dike surface, which in case of storm surges provides less area for the waves to impact. The flora of Sylt is shaped by the island's original sparseness. Until

2106-472: The Grote Mandrenke flood of 1362. The so-called Uwe-Düne (Uwe Dune) is the island's highest elevation with 52.5 metres (172.2 feet) above sea level . The island in its current form has only existed for about 400 years. Like the mainland geestland , it was formed of moraines from the older ice ages , thus being made up of a till core, which is now apparent in the island's west and centre by

2184-559: The Kamchatka peninsula in Siberia . The undemanding rose met ideal conditions on Sylt and spread so quickly that it is now a common sight on the island. Its proliferation is viewed critically from a biological point of view, since it threatens to displace endangered local species, especially on the heaths. The ample heaths on the eastern side of the island provide habitats for many rare species of plants and animals which are adapted to

2262-715: The West Frisian language spoken in the northern Netherlands . Together, the three sub-groups form the group of Frisian languages. English is also closely related to Frisian. The two are classified in a common Anglo-Frisian group, which is grouped among the Ingvaeonic languages , together with Low German . The related Low German has developed differently since Old Saxon times and has lost many Ingvaeonic characteristics. The North Frisian dialects can be grouped into two main dialectal divisions: mainland and insular dialects. Altogether, both groups have 10 dialects. Since

2340-473: The dialect of Föhr . In general, the insular dialects feature a relatively complicated consonantal system, but the mainland dialects have more diverse vowels. Recently, the phonological system of the North Frisian dialects has been strongly influenced by Standard German and is slowly adapting to its system. Officially, the number of North Frisian speakers ranges from 8,000 to 10,000 but linguists propose significantly lower numbers. In 2007, Århammar estimated

2418-556: The natterjack toad , endangered in Germany, has one of Germany's largest populations here. Their spawning places are wet dune slacks and shallow, short-lived pools. For a habitat they prefer sandy areas with vegetation, but the species has also been observed on the top of the Uwe Dune. The main threat for this species on Sylt is road traffic. The many water birds and other coastal avians that have their hatching grounds on Sylt or use

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2496-527: The verb "to know": Mooring waase , Fering-Öömrang wed , Sölring weet , Halunder wet (cf. West Frisian witte , Low German weten , German wissen ). The North Frisian dialects differ from modern Standard German by a more diverse system of diphthongs and consonants. All of the dialects have an additional line of palatalizations , which is uncommon for a Germanic language. Until recently, an additional number of dental consonants contrasted phonemically with their alveolar counterparts in

2574-513: The 16th century. A similar situation was to be found on the island of Strand , which was destroyed during the Burchardi flood . The population of the eastern, remaining part of Strand, the modern Nordstrand , did not succeed in rebuilding the dikes on their own. Therefore, many Frisian speaking people left their homeland on Strand or were otherwise not able to maintain their native language against mostly Dutch-speaking immigrants. On Pellworm ,

2652-475: The 1950s and 1960s, was famous in Germany for attracting celebrities, Wenningstedt has been known as a "family resort" for more than 100 years. Since 1855, the prominent black and white Kampen Lighthouse has been located between Kampen and Wenningstedt; it is the oldest one on the island. East of there, the Braderuper Heide nature reserve is situated. Right south of Wenningstedt are the town limits of

2730-450: The 19th century, tourism began. Westerland replaced Keitum as the capital. During World War I , Sylt became a military outpost. On 25 March 1916, British seaplanes bombed the German airship sheds on Sylt. The main connection for tourists was boats from Højer . Since Højer was ceded to Denmark in 1920, a rail causeway to the mainland was built in 1927, the Hindenburgdamm , named after Paul von Hindenburg . During World War II , Sylt became

2808-572: The 8th century and 9th century. In 1386, Sylt was divided between the Duke of Schleswig and the King of Denmark; except for the village of List, Sylt became part of the Duchy of Schleswig in 1435. During the 17th and 18th century, whaling , fishing and oyster breeding increased the wealth of the population. At this time, Keitum became the capital of the island, and a place for rich captains to settle down. In

2886-455: The German language. With a number of native speakers probably even less than 10,000 and decreasing use in mainland North Frisia, the North Frisian language is endangered. It is protected as a minority language and has become an official language in the Nordfriesland district and on Heligoland island . The closest relatives of North Frisian are the two other Frisian languages, the Saterland Frisian of north-western Lower Saxony , Germany, and

2964-526: The Hörnum west beach in 2005. Since the early 1970s, the only effective means so far has been flushing sand onto the shore. Dredging vessels are used to pump a mixture of sand and water to a beach where it is spread by bulldozers. Thus storm floods would only erase the artificial accumulation of sand, while the shoreline proper remains intact and erosion is slowed down. This procedure incurs considerable costs. The required budget of an annual € 10 million

3042-551: The Interfrisian Council has however kept its name "Frasche Rädj" in the Mooring dialect. Despite the strong differences among the North Frisian dialects, there are still some traits of phonology that are more or less common to all dialects. Among them is the lowering from [ ɪ ] to [ a ] , which is mostly complete in the central dialects but is only at the stage [ ɛ ] or [ eː ] in

3120-419: The area emanates from that custom, marking a great dune where booths ( German : Buden ) stood in former times to serve as shelters. This southern headland, called Odde , is marked by continuous loss of land. Each year great amounts of sand are washed away by storm floods and coastal management has not yet seen sustainable effects in the area, so that further losses have to be expected. Sylt-Ost ( East Sylt )

3198-509: The beginning of Frisian linguistic studies in the 19th century, the following ten dialects have typically been noted as distinct: The mainland and insular dialects clearly differ from each other because they were shaped by Frisian immigrants in different centuries. The islands of Sylt , Föhr and Amrum were colonised in around AD 800, and the mainland was settled by Frisians in AD 1100. There are also various influences of neighbouring languages on

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3276-617: The beginning of the 20th century - starting from the Free German Youth camp Klappholttal and the intellectuals and artists in the village of Kampen - a social movement developed that lived a beach life without clothing (part of the German Freikörperkultur - FKK and Lebensreform movement). The first official nude bathing beach in Germany was opened on Sylt in 1920. Nude bathing and sunbathing (also erroneously referred to as "nudist" or "nudism") spread over

3354-503: The benefits for the island's economic power and for the economically underdeveloped region in general would outweigh the costs. In the 1995 study Klimafolgen für Mensch und Küste am Beispiel der Nordseeinsel Sylt (Climate impact for Man and Shores as seen on the North Sea island Sylt), it reads: "Hätte Sylt nicht das Image einer attraktiven Ferieninsel, gäbe es den Küstenschutz in der bestehenden Form gewiss nicht" (If Sylt did not have

3432-578: The border. Due to the large number of dialects there is no original native name for the North Frisian language as such. E.g. the Wiedingharde and Halligen Frisians call their language freesk , in the Bökingharde it is called frasch , and in the Goesharde likewise fräisch or freesch . While these names all translate to "Frisian" the native names of the insular dialects refer to

3510-399: The cliff, dunes and beach. This sandy core began to erode as it was exposed to a strong current along the island's steep basement when the sea level rose 8000 years ago. During the process, sediments were accumulated north and south of the island. The west coast, which was originally situated 10 kilometres (6 miles) off today's shore, was thus gradually moved eastward, while at the same time

3588-461: The current characteristic shape of Sylt. It is the northern and southern edges of Sylt which were, and still are, the subject of greatest change. For example, Listland was separated from the rest of the island in the 14th century and from the later 17th century onwards the Königshafen (King's Harbour) began to silt up as the "elbow" spit began to form. In addition to the constant loss of land,

3666-574: The desired effect of stopping the erosion caused by crossways currents. " Leeward erosion", i.e. erosion on the downwind side of the groynes prevented sustainable accumulation of sand. In the 1960s, breaking the power of the sea was attempted by installing tetrapods along the groyne bases or by putting them into the sea like groynes. The four-armed structures, built in France and many tons in weight, were too heavy for Sylt's beaches and were equally unable to prevent erosion. Therefore, they were removed from

3744-553: The dialect could have had a leading role. The sentence displayed below in many variants reads, " 'Shine, old moon, shine!', cried Häwelmann, but the moon was nowhere to be seen and the stars neither; they had all already gone to bed" (based on Theodor Storm 's Der kleine Häwelmann ). Söl'ring (dialect of Sylt ) Fering - Öömrang (dialect of Föhr and Amrum ) Heligolandic (dialect of Helgoland ) Northern Goesharde Frisian , Hoorninger Fräisch variety of Langenhorn Wiedingharde Frisian Halligen Frisian (although it

3822-557: The dialects. On Sylt, Föhr and Amrum and in parts of the northern mainland such as Wiedingharde, there is a strong Danish ( South Jutlandic ) influence, but on Heligoland and the rest of mainland North Frisia, the Low German influence is predominant. Moreover, there has historically been little exchange between the dialects and so hardly any lingua franca could develop and there was no cultural centre in North Frisia for which

3900-526: The entire island. "Sylt" was associated with nude bathing and the ideal environment for supporters of the Freikörperkultur (FKK) . Since the 1960s, there have been designated nudist beaches (marked FKK-Strand ) with names such as "Abyssinia", "Samoa" or "Zanzibar" on the entire west beach. The most famous nudist beach on Sylt became the " Groyne 16" ( Buhne 16 ) in Kampen through regular reports in

3978-475: The extreme conditions such as drought, warmth, wind. About 2,500 animal species and 150 species of plants have so far been recorded. 45% of those plants are on the IUCN Red List . Especially notable are the 600 species of butterflies that live in the heaths, small tortoiseshell , brimstone , painted lady and peacock butterfly among them. With several thousand individuals in the dune belt of Sylt,

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4056-402: The image of an attractive holiday island, coastal management in its current form would certainly not exist). The enforcement of a natural reef off Sylt is being discussed as an alternative solution. A first experiment was conducted from 1996 to 2003. A sand drainage as being successfully used on Danish islands is not likely to work on Sylt owing to the underwater slope here. In parallel to

4134-539: The inhabitants during the Little Ice Age were constrained by sand drift. Dunes shifting to the east threatened settlements and arable land and had to be stopped by the planting of marram grass in the 18th century. Consequently, though, material breaking off the island was increasingly washed away and the island's extent continued to decrease. Records of the annual land loss exist since 1870. According to them, Sylt lost an annual 0.4 metres (16 inches) of land in

4212-402: The island began to extend to the north and south. After the ice ages, marshland began to form around this geestland core. In 1141, Sylt is recorded as an island, yet before the Grote Mandrenke flood it belonged to a landscape cut by tidal creeks and, at least during low tide, it could be reached on foot. It is only since this flood that the creation of a spit from sediments began to form

4290-624: The island constitute nature reserves and may only be traversed on marked tracks. So called "wild paths" promote erosion and are not to be followed. Where vegetation is tread upon, no roots are left to hold the sand and it will be removed by wind and water. The Wadden Sea on the east side between Sylt and the mainland has been a nature reserve and bird sanctuary since 1935 and is part of the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park. The construction of breakwaters in this area will abate sedimentation and

4368-487: The island for resting on their migrations constitute an ornithological feature. There are two notable hatching areas on Sylt, the Königshafen bay with the small island Uthörn in the north and the Rantum basin in the southeast. Birds that hatch on Sylt include black-headed gull , Arctic tern , pied avocet , common redshank , common gull , oystercatcher , northern lapwing , common shelduck and tufted duck . During

4446-439: The island in 1962. Part of the island near Rantum which is only 500 metres (yards) wide is especially threatened. Measures of protection against the continuous erosion date back to the early 19th century when groynes of wooden poles were constructed. Those were built at right angles into the sea from the coast line. Later they were replaced by metal and eventually by armoured concrete groynes. The constructions did not have

4524-408: The island's largest town, Westerland. After the complete destruction of the village Eidum by a storm surge on 1 November 1436, the survivors founded a new village northeast of their old home: Westerland. The name was first recorded in 1462. In 1865, a seaside spa was founded and, 50 years later, Westerland was granted town privileges . In 1949, it was officially recognised as a health resort. In 2007,

4602-414: The island. When the island was connected to the mainland by the causeway, red fox and European badger also became common. West of Sylt a breeding area of harbour porpoises is located. In addition, great numbers of harbour seals and grey seals , the latter being rather uncommon in German seas, can be found on sand banks off Sylt. Numerous associations and societies that care for the exploration and

4680-475: The kingdom of Denmark . On its eastern shore, a harbour is located where, in addition to tourist ships, the "Sylt-Express" ferry-boat sails to Havneby on the Danish island of Rømø . Wenningstedt together with Braderup and Kampen used to form the Norddörfer (Northern Villages) municipality, an early intercommunal association, which partly remains today in form of a school union. While Kampen, mainly in

4758-474: The mainland, summer months though, with a median of 17 °C (62°F), are somewhat cooler, despite a longer sunshine period. The annual average sunshine period on Sylt is 4.4 hours per day. It is due to the low relief of the shoreline that Sylt had a total of 1,899 hours of sunshine in 2005, 180 hours above the German average. Clouds cannot accumulate as quickly and are generally scattered by the constant westerly or northwesterly winds. The annual mean temperature

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4836-493: The mid 19th century, Sylt was an island almost completely devoid of trees except for small areas of forest and bush created by plantations. Today, one can still recognize the man-made origin of the Friedrichshain and Südwäldchen forests in Westerland where many of the trees stand in rank and file. Also, the now widespread rose Rosa rugosa , known as the "Sylt rose" on the island was imported to Sylt. It originates from

4914-522: The migration, Sylt is a resting spot for thousands of brent geese and shelducks, Eurasian wigeons and common eiders , as well as bar-tailed godwits , red knots , dunlins and Eurasian golden plovers . Ringed plover , common snipe , ruff and other species are less common visitors to the island. Regarding land mammals , there is no significant difference from the neighbouring areas of mainland Nordfriesland. Primarily European hare , rabbit and roe deer can be found and are also hunted as game on

4992-467: The nearby Danish island of Rømø , which offers a road connection to the mainland. Sylt Airport at Westerland serves the region. The island was used during the filming of The Ghost Writer , as an alternate location for Martha's Vineyard , due to the film's director, Roman Polanski being unable to travel to the United States, due to an outstanding arrest warrant for rape. The ferry between

5070-409: The north and 0.7 metres (28 inches) in the south from 1870 to 1951. From 1951 to 1984, the rate increased to 0.9 metres (35 inches) and 1.4 metres (55 inches) respectively, while shorelines at the island's very edges at Hörnum and List are even more affected. Severe storm surges of the last decades have repeatedly endangered Sylt to the point of breaking in two, e.g. Hörnum was temporarily cut off from

5148-447: The ongoing sand flushing, the deliberate demolition of groynes has begun amid great effort at certain beach sections where they were proven largely ineffective. This measure also terminated the presumably most famous groyne of Sylt, Buhne 16 – the namesake of the local naturist beach. A number of experts, however, fears that Sylt will still have to face considerable losses of land until the mid 21st century. The continuous global warming

5226-575: The painters and sculptors Rainer Fetting and Ingo Kühl , who live in Berlin and on Sylt. Sylt is connected to the German mainland by the Hindenburgdamm , a causeway with a railway line on top. The passenger trains connect Westerland (Sylt) to Niebüll or Klanxbüll , and the Deutsche Bahn's "Syltshuttle" as well as RDC's "Autozug Sylt", allow the transfer of cars and trucks between Westerland and Niebüll. There are also car ferry services to

5304-654: The particular islands as in Fering , Öömrang , Söl'ring or Halunder . E.g. "Frisian" would mean "fresk" in the Föhr dialect. The North Frisians eventually agreed upon the inter-dialectal name "friisk" which corresponds to the West Frisian native name "frysk" . This designation is today mostly used when the North Frisian collectivity is addressed or in the names of official institutions such as Nordfriisk Instituut, Friisk Foriining or Friisk Gesäts. The northern section of

5382-448: The periphery. For example, the word "fish" translates to Mooring fasch and Fering-Öömrang fask but Söl'ring fesk (cf. Low German: Fisch/Fisk , Danish : fisk , German: Fisch , Dutch : vis ). The distribution of the lenition of the unvoiced plosives p , t and k is similar as they have become voiced plosives and partially even developed to fricatives in the central dialects. That can be demonstrated from

5460-411: The planting of marram grass stopped the dunes and put an end to this threat. To the east, there are a few scattered spots of marshland, but the area is mostly dominated by dunes. Hörnum on the island's southern headland is the youngest village. It was founded shortly after 1900, although the uninhabited southern tip of Sylt was said to serve as refuge for pirates and fishermen. The name Budersand in

5538-715: The protection of endangered animals and plants have branches on Sylt. Among them are the Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research , Verein Jordsand and Wadden Sea Conservation Station . Also the Federal Office for the Environment operates a research station in the dunes at Westerland. On Sylt, a marine climate influenced by the Gulf Stream is predominant. With an average of 2 °C (36°F), winter months are slightly milder than on

5616-542: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Frasch . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frasch&oldid=712378964 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Surnames of German origin Hidden categories: Short description

5694-473: The similarities and differences between the various dialects. The Eiderstedt Frisian on the Eiderstedt peninsula were abandoned in favour of Low German during the 17th and 18th centuries. In contrast to the northern hundreds , Eiderstedt was economically strong and wealthy and was oriented towards the southern, Low German parts of Schleswig-Holstein. Moreover, there was a strong Dutch immigration during

5772-464: The tabloid media. Today the boundaries between nude and textile beaches are becoming more and more blurred. While nude beaches have lost some of their popularity, it is no longer unusual or sensational to bathe or sunbathe on "normal" beaches with no clothes on. Sylt is a part of the Frisian Islands . It has its own local dialect, Söl'ring , which is the indigenous speech of Sylt. Söl'ring is

5850-511: The town numbered 9,072 citizens. South of Westerland, the island extends for about 15 km (10 miles) in the form of a spit, until it is cut by the Hörnumtief tidal creek that runs through the Wadden Sea mudflats east of Sylt. Here is the location of Rantum . This village, like no other on Sylt, had to fight sand drift during the past centuries. Many farmsteads and a church had to be abandoned because of shifting dunes moving eastward. Only

5928-418: The western parts of Föhr, the language community is still relatively common. The number of speakers on Föhr and Amrum alone is estimated to around 3,500. The other dialects are, in fact, seriously endangered, like Karrharde Frisian, Central Goesharde and Halligen Frisian. The elementary and grammar school on Amrum is called Öömrang Skuul and, among other subjects, focuses on teaching the local dialect. Fering

6006-605: The western remainder of Strand, the repair of the dikes was quickly accomplished and so the Frisian language was still spoken in the 18th century, until it also vanished due to changes in population structure. The old Strand Frisian was presumably closest to Halligen Frisian. Likewise close to Halligen Frisian was the Wyk Frisian that used to be spoken in Wyk auf Föhr until the town completely shifted to Low German. The Wyk dialect

6084-720: Was born in Tinnum on Sylt in 1865. He studied at the Düsseldorf Art Academy and in Weimar, lived in Düsseldorf since 1895, accepted a professorship there in 1916 and at the same time maintained a studio in Westerland. Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer described him as "... the strongest artistic talent that the island has produced". Carl Arp came to Sylt in 1903. Painters like Emil Nolde , Erich Heckel , Anita Rée and Albert Aereboe moved to Sylt. Contemporary artists include

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