29-444: Fredrikstad ( Norwegian: [ˈfrɛ̀drɪkstɑ] ; previously Frederiksstad ; literally "Fredrik's Town") is a city and municipality in Østfold county , Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Fredrikstad. The city of Fredrikstad was founded in 1567 by King Frederick II , and established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt ). The rural municipality of Glemmen
58-408: A bykommune (urban municipality) or herredskommune (rural municipality). This distinction was rescinded by The Local Government Act of 1992. Between 1960 and 1965 many Norwegian municipalities were merged. For instance when the urban municipality Brevik merged with the urban municipality Porsgrunn and the rural municipality Eidanger , the new municipality was called Porsgrunn and it kept
87-509: A town or city –there is no distinction between the two words as there is in English. Historically, the designation of town/city was granted by the king, but since 1996 that authority was given to the local municipal councils for each municipality in Norway. In Norway today, there are 108 towns/cities, but they have no legal authority or powers and they are not an administrative body, it
116-622: A deterrent that the town, although placed under siege, was never taken. He became colonel of the Coucheron regiment in 1676; During the Gyldenløve War the regiment participated in combat at Bohuslän and performed well in the conquest of Carlsten fortress (Swedish: Karlstens fästning ) at Marstrand in 1677. He became commandant of Marstrand 1677–79 and commandant at Bergenhus fortress from 1680. Coucheron died at Bergenhus 20 June 1689. This biographical article related to
145-502: A municipality number in which the third digit was a zero and rural municipalities were given other numbers. In 1952 the special classifications of for towns/cities (kjøpstad, bergstad, and ladested) were entirely rescinded from the law and replaced by the simple classification of by . Starting on 1 January 1965, the government's focus was moved from the individual towns/cities to their corresponding municipalities. All Norwegian towns/cities and rural municipalities were classified as either
174-507: A new defensive work for Halden , Norway. These plans were approved by the king on 28 July 1660. He began the construction of the fortifications of Fredrikstad Fortress at Halden in 1663. Together with his son Anthony Coucheron , he worked on the fortification which became known as Fredriksten fortress in Halden . The defensive walls, built to the Dutch design of the period, were so effective
203-588: A total population of 141,708 with 83,761 in Fredrikstad and 57,947 in Sarpsborg. Fredrikstad was built at the mouth of Glomma as a replacement after Sarpsborg (15 kilometres (9 miles) upstream) was burnt down by the Swedish Army in the 1500s. Some of the citizens stayed behind and rebuilt their old town at its original site and got their city status back in 1839. The city centre is on the west bank of
232-481: Is a merger of the former Frydenberg Gymnastic [ no ] and Christianslund Handelsgymnasium. Glemmen High School [ no ] offers professional training and study. Wang Toppidrett Frederikstad [ no ] offers sports, science, languages, social sciences and economics. In addition, there is a Steiner school, a private educational alternative. Østfold University College offers higher education (master's and bachelor's studies) at
261-665: Is also an American football team, the Fredrikstad Eagles. Fredrikstad has a top-division handball team, Fredrikstad BK , and a top-division ice hockey team, Stjernen Hockey . The city also has a number of floorball teams, including Slevik IBK , Fredrikstad IBK and St. Croix Pirates. The following cities are twinned with Fredrikstad: List of cities in Norway This is a list of towns and cities in Norway . The Norwegian language word by means
290-430: Is simply a designation. All local government rests with the municipality which may or may not have a town/city located within it. Historically, the words kjøpstad ( market town ), ladested (small seaport), or bergstad were used for a town or city. Each of these were granted certain special rights based on their classification and they did hold administrative authority within their borders. A ladested
319-535: The Hannibal War (1644–1645) between Sweden and Denmark-Norway , became permanent in the 1660s. The work on the fortifications was first led by Willem Coucheron and later Johan Caspar von Cicignon . During the next 60 years, several fortifications at the Fredrikstad Fortress were built, including Isegran, Kongsten, and Cicignon. In 1735, a suburb on the western side of Glomma, Vestsiden ,
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#1732780040665348-569: The Tall Ships' Race , attracting thousands to the city. In 2019, it was the first host port. In 2017, Fredrikstad won the national award for most attractive city. The award is given yearly by the Norwegian government on the basis of social, economic and environmental factors. The city was named after the Danish king Frederick II in 1569. The last element stad means "city". Prior to 1877,
377-519: The city of Oslo , Oslo Municipality , and Oslo County are all one unified unit of government. Willem Coucheron Willem Coucheron (also recorded as Willum or Wyllem Coucheron ) was a Dutch-born Danish-Norwegian quartermaster general. Willem Coucheron was born in the Netherlands and came to Norway in June 1657. Coucheron came to Norway as an engineer and quartermaster general for
406-549: The city status was awarded by the king and Government through the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development . Since then, the status of town/city is decided by each municipal council and then it is formally accepted by the state. Since 1997, a municipality must have a minimum of 5,000 inhabitants in order to declare city status for one of its settlements. In 1999, the municipal council of Bardu Municipality declared city status for Setermoen , only to be rejected because
435-582: The Academy of Performing Arts, Faculty of Health and Social Care and the Faculty of Engineering at Kråkerøy. Østfold Vocational College [ no ] offers short professional craft or technical courses. The Department of Journalism offers primarily continuing education for journalists and editors. Fredrikstad Museum is located in Old Fredrikstad. The museum shows the history of the city and
464-465: The Glomma, while the old town on the east bank is Northern Europe's best preserved fortified town . Fredrikstad used to have a large sawmill industry and was an important harbour for timber export, then later on shipbuilding , until the main yard was closed in 1988. The main industries are currently various chemical plants and other light industry. In 2005, Fredrikstad was the final host port for
493-408: The cities of today which got this status before 1996, Tvedestrand with 1,983 inhabitants is the smallest. On another note, the laws of 1996 allowed some settlements which lost their city status in the 1960s to regain it. Oslo , founded in the 11th century, is the largest city and also the capital of Norway. Oslo is the only city in Norway that is consolidated with its municipality and county, thus
522-410: The end of the 17th century). Fredrikstad was founded by citizens of Sarpsborg and both the fortress and the bear are taken from the old arms of Sarpsborg. The composition of the seal was also used as arms since the beginning of the 19th century. The new arms were granted at the 400th anniversary of the city in 1967 and show a more modern variation on the fortress and bear. After Sarpsborg was burned to
551-559: The ground during the Northern Seven Years' War , the ruling king, Frederik II , decided by royal decree to rebuild the city 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of the original location. This new site's proximity to the sea and the accessible open land surrounding it made it a better location than the old one. The name Fredrikstad was first used in a letter from the King dated 6 February 1569. The temporary fortification built during
580-583: The municipality fell short of the population limit. One exception is Honningsvåg in Nordkapp Municipality , where the municipality actually has less than 5,000 inhabitants but declared city status before the limit was implemented by law in 1997. Because of the new laws in 1996-1997, Norway witnessed a rapid rise in the number of cities after that time. A number of relatively small settlements are now called by , such as Brekstad with 1,828 inhabitants and Kolvereid with 1,448 inhabitants. Among
609-472: The municipality number for Porsgrunn. As a result, Brevik was no longer considered an urban municipality/town. On another note, when the urban municipality Hønefoss was merged with the rural municipalities Hole , Norderhov , Tyristrand , and Ådal to form the new municipality of Ringerike , Ringerike retained the old municipality number of Hønefoss meaning that it retained its town/city status. The same thing happened to Egersund and Florø . Before 1996,
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#1732780040665638-460: The name was spelled Frederiksstad , then from 1877 to 1888 it was written as Fredriksstad , and finally since 1889 it has been spelled in its current form: Fredrikstad . The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 21 April 1967. The old arms are based on the oldest known seal of the city, which dates from 1610. They showed a fortress being guarded by a bear. Strangely, Fredrikstad had no fortifications in 1610 (it received some at
667-614: The region south of the Dovrefjell mountain range in central Norway in June 1657. He served as captain of the Oplandske National Infantry Regiment in 1658 and captain of the Valdres company Under the command of Jørgen Bjelke he led his company in combat at Bohuslän in 1659, and in the defense of Halden from 14 January to 23 February 1660. In 1660, he was sent to Copenhagen to present plans for
696-650: The surrounding region. The museum also manages Elingaard Manor in Onsøy and Torgauten Fort. Fredrikstad Museum was founded in 1903. Since 2003, the museum's management has been located in Tøihuset in Old Town. Fredrikstad is home to nine-time Norway football winners Fredrikstad FK who play at the Fredrikstad Stadion . Egil Olsen , manager for the Norwegian national football team, is from Fredrikstad. There
725-437: The timber exports as a result of the modernization of wood-processing industries in the early 1900s, Fredrikstad's production changed to other types of products. It later became one of Norway's most important industrial centres, famous for its large shipyard , Fredrikstad Mekaniske Verksted . Fredrikstad has three high schools. Frederik II Upper Secondary School offers general studies and financial / administrative studies. It
754-423: Was actually 2 towns: Bragernes and Strømsø). All of the ladested places on this list were later upgraded to kjøpstads . During the 1800s, urbanization took hold in Norway and many new towns/cities were added. The special trading rights for towns/cities were abolished in 1857. In 1946, Norwegian municipalities were each assigned a municipality number , a four-digit codes based on ISO 3166-2:NO . Towns/cities got
783-406: Was founded. This part later grew faster than the old city, and became the dominant city centre. Most of the buildings in the old city burned down during a fire in 1764. In the 1840s, timber exporting from Fredrikstad started to gain momentum. In the 1860s, several steam powered saws were built along the river, and in 1879 the railway reached Fredrikstad, leading to further growth. With the decline of
812-691: Was merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1964. The rural municipalities of Borge , Onsøy , Kråkerøy , and Rolvsøy were merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1994. The city straddles the river Glomma where it meets the Skagerrak , about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the Sweden border. Along with neighboring Sarpsborg , Fredrikstad forms the fifth largest city in Norway: Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg . As of 30 September 2021, according to Statistics Norway , these two municipalities have
841-508: Was subordinate to a kjøpstad and over time some of the ladesteds were "upgraded" to the status of kjøpstad in order to gain more trading rights. In 1665, Norway had 20 towns. There were 9 full market towns ( kjøpstad ): Bergen, Oslo, Trondheim, Tønsberg, Stavanger, Skien, Fredrikstad, Halden, and Kristiansand. There were two mountain towns { bergstad ): Kongsberg and Røros. There were 9 market seaports ( ladested ): Larvik, Moss, Porsgrunn, Molde, Kragerø, Risør, Holmestrand, Mandal, and Drammen (which
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