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52-761: Freedom Hall Civic Center is a multi-purpose arena in Johnson City, Tennessee . Starting in 2014, it became the basketball venue for East Tennessee State University . Former and current entertainment include concerts from Van Halen , Bon Jovi , Eric Clapton , Def Leppard , Poison (band) , Ozzy Osbourne , Mötley Crüe , KISS , Bruce Springsteen , Third Day , For King & Country , Chicago , AC/DC , Lynyrd Skynyrd (original band) , Metallica , Elvis Presley , Elton John , and Aerosmith . Entertainment from professional wrestling organizations Jim Crockett Promotions , WWE , Smoky Mountain Wrestling , and from

104-584: A railroad station called "Johnson's Depot", Johnson City became a major rail hub for the Southeast , as three railway lines crossed in the downtown area. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Johnson City served as headquarters for the narrow gauge East Tennessee and Western North Carolina Railroad (the ET&;WNC , nicknamed "Tweetsie") and the standard gauge Clinchfield Railroad . Both rail systems featured excursion trips through scenic portions of

156-527: A "silver-tongued orator." During the Civil War, Johnson's Depot, near Haynes's farm, was renamed "Haynesville" in his honor. After the war, the town reverted to its original name, and incorporated as Johnson City shortly afterward. Prior to his move to Memphis, Haynes sold his farm, the Tipton-Haynes Place, to his brother-in-law, Lawson Gifford. In 1945, Gifford's grandson sold the farm to

208-533: A banking bill to establish branches of the state bank in each of the state's grand divisions . In 1847, he was elected to the Tennessee Senate . In this capacity, he helped obtain funding for railroad construction and improvements to the upper Holston River . He returned to the House in 1849, where he was elected Speaker by a 38–31 vote, and continued championing railroad construction. In 1851,

260-972: A building in downtown Johnson City for use as a new satellite teaching site. Tusculum College has a center on the north side of Johnson City in the Boones Creek area. Within Washington County, the vast majority of the city is in the Johnson City School District , while small parts of the city are in the Washington County School District . The portion in Carter County is within the Carter County School District . The portion in Sullivan County

312-567: A church conference in January 1843, Haynes charged Harris with falsehood, but Harris was acquitted. Harris then charged Haynes with falsehood at a conference in February, and Haynes was found guilty and barred from the ministry. Crowing about the incident in the Whig , Brownlow stated that Haynes had been hanged "on the gallows he prepared for another." Although a Whig in his youth, Haynes joined

364-471: A household in the city was $ 30,835, and the median income for a family was $ 40,977. Males had a median income of $ 31,326 versus $ 22,150 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 20,364. About 11.4 percent of families and 15.9 percent of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.9 percent of those under age 18 and 12.7 percent of those age 65 or over. Johnson City is an economic hub largely fueled by East Tennessee State University and

416-426: A list of clues to aid in the search for all the animals. Other public art includes banners and art on light poles and traffic boxes, and quote stones along sidewalks and paths. Two annual art events take place in the city. As a regional hub for a four-state area, Johnson City is home to a large variety of retail businesses, from well-known national chains to local boutiques and galleries. The Mall at Johnson City

468-659: A population of 207,285 as of 2020. The MSA is also a component of the Tri-Cities region. This CSA is the fifth-largest in Tennessee, with a population of 514,899 as of 2020. William Bean , traditionally recognized as Tennessee's first white settler, built his cabin along Boone's Creek near Johnson City in 1769. In the 1780s, Colonel John Tipton (1730–1813) established a farm (now the Tipton-Haynes State Historic Site ) just outside what

520-611: A ruthless editorial war. Brownlow described Haynes as a "public debauchee and hypocrite," and accused him of stealing corn and selling diseased hogs. Haynes mocked Brownlow's lineage, dubbed him a "wretched abortion of sin," and charged that he had once been flogged for stealing jewelry in Nashville. In 1842, Haynes converted to Methodism , and was licensed to preach as a Methodist minister. In December of that year, he began to quarrel with long-time minister C.W.C. Harris, who questioned his behavior during his feud with Brownlow. At

572-571: A sizeable faction of the Democratic Party, angry with the policies of incumbent 1st district congressman Andrew Johnson , convinced Haynes to run against him in the general election (the Whig Party opted not to field a candidate). In what would prove to be one of Johnson's toughest campaigns, the two candidates canvassed the district together, engaging in fierce debates in front of large crowds. Haynes criticized Johnson's support for

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624-516: A small contiguous border with Kingsport to the far north along I-26 and a slightly longer one with Bluff City to the northeast along US 11E. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 43.3 square miles (112.1 km ), of which 42.9 square miles (111.2 km ) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.8 km ), or 0.75 percent, is water. Buffalo Mountain, a ridge over 2,700 feet (820 m) high,

676-466: Is Cathy Ball. East Tennessee State University has around 16,000 students in addition to a K-12 University School, a laboratory school of about 540 students. University School was the first laboratory school in the nation to adopt a year-round academic schedule. Milligan University is just outside the city limits in Carter County, and has about 1,200 students in undergraduate and graduate programs. Northeast State Community College has renovated

728-594: Is a city park on the south side of town. The Watauga River arm of Boone Lake , a Tennessee Valley Authority reservoir, is partly within the city limits. Johnson City has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ), with warm summers and cool winters. Temperatures in Johnson City are moderated somewhat by its elevation and proximity to the Appalachian Mountains . Precipitation is abundant, with an average of 45.22 in (1,149 mm). Summer

780-478: Is an 80-bed hospital with emergency services. James H. and Cecile C. Quillen Rehabilitation Hospital serves patients who have suffered debilitating trauma, including stroke and brain-spine injuries. Johnson City's sister cities are: Landon Carter Haynes Following the Civil War, Haynes moved to Memphis , where he practiced law. His farm near Johnson City , the Tipton-Haynes Place ,

832-523: Is now Johnson City. During the State of Franklin movement, Tipton was a leader of the loyalist faction, residents of the region who wanted to remain part of North Carolina rather than form a separate state. In February 1788, an armed engagement took place at Tipton's farm between Tipton and his men and the forces led by John Sevier , the leader of the Franklin faction. Founded in 1856 by Henry Johnson as

884-570: Is now a state historic site. Haynes was born near Elizabethton, Tennessee , the eldest child of David Haynes, a land speculator, and Rhoda (Taylor) Haynes. He attended the Anderson School in Carter County , and graduated from Washington College near Jonesborough in 1838. Returning to Elizabethton, he read law with T.A.R. Nelson . When Nelson moved to Jonesborough in 1840, Haynes followed him to continue his study of law. He

936-684: Is the city's only enclosed shopping mall. Much of the new retail development is in North Johnson City, along State of Franklin Road. Johnson City Crossings is the largest of these developments. Several Minor League Baseball teams have been based in Johnson City. Professional baseball was first played in the city by the Johnson City Soldiers in the Southeastern League in 1910. The city's longest-running team

988-399: Is typically the wettest part of the year, while early autumn is considerably drier. Snowfall is moderate and sporadic, with an average of 15.6 in (40 cm). As of the 2020 United States census , there were 71,046 people, 30,724 households, and 15,904 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2000, there were 55,469 people, 23,720 households, and 14,018 families residing in

1040-712: Is within the Sullivan County School District . Schools in the Johnson City School System include: Elementary schools Middle schools High schools Johnson City is served by Tri-Cities Regional Airport ( IATA Code TRI ) and Johnson City Airport (0A4) in Watauga. Johnson City Transit operates a system of buses inside the city limits, including BucShot, a system serving the greater ETSU campus. The Southern Railway used to serve Johnson City with several trains:

1092-799: The Birmingham Special (ended 1970), the Pelican (ended 1970) and the Tennessean (ended 1968). Johnson City serves as a regional medical center for northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia, along with parts of western North Carolina and southeastern Kentucky . Johnson City Medical Center includes a level 1 trauma center, the Niswonger Children's Hospital, and Woodridge Hospital, an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Franklin Woods Community Hospital

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1144-547: The Blue Ridge Mountains and were engineering marvels of railway construction. The Southern Railway (now Norfolk Southern ) also passes through the city. During the American Civil War , before it was formally incorporated in 1869, the name of the town was briefly changed to "Haynesville" in honor of Confederate Senator Landon Carter Haynes . Henry Johnson's name was quickly restored following

1196-630: The Homestead Bill , arguing it was an abolitionist measure, and accused Johnson of having opposed railroad construction and supporting Whig candidates. Johnson noted that Haynes had voted for Whig Governor Newton Cannon in 1839, and pointed out that Haynes had been expelled from the Methodist ministry. Johnson won the election by just over 1,600 votes. After a hiatus in which he focused on his law practice, Haynes reentered politics in 1859 when he again ran for Congress. This time, his opponent

1248-638: The Johnson City Sessions . Native son "Fiddlin' Charlie" Bowman became a national recording star via these sessions. The Fountain Square area in downtown featured a host of local and traveling street entertainers including Blind Lemon Jefferson . During the 1920s and the Prohibition era, Johnson City's ties to the bootlegging activity of the Appalachian Mountains earned the city the nickname of "Little Chicago ". Stories persist that

1300-491: The National Register of Historic Places . For many years, the city had a municipal "privilege tax" on carnival shows, in an attempt to dissuade traveling circuses and other transient entertainment businesses from doing business in town. The use of drums by merchants to draw attention to their goods is prohibited. Title Six, Section 106 of the city's municipal code, the so-called " Barney Fife " ordinance, empowers

1352-729: The Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus . Johnson City, Tennessee Johnson City is a city in Washington , Carter , and Sullivan counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee , mostly in Washington County. As of the 2020 United States census , the population was 71,046, making it the eighth-most populous city in Tennessee . Johnson City is the principal city of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area , which consists of Carter, Unicoi , and Washington counties and had

1404-633: The Tennessee Historical Commission . The farm is now managed as the Tipton-Haynes State Historic Site . Haynes's paternal ancestors were of English (Haynes) and German (Meckendorfer and Kern) descent. His maternal ancestors were of Irish descent. His brother-in-law, Nathaniel G. Taylor (married to his sister, Emaline), was a Whig congressman and Unionist. Taylor's sons (Haynes's nephews) included Alfred A. Taylor (1848–1931) and Robert Love Taylor (1850–1912), who would both serve as Governor of Tennessee. During

1456-399: The Civil War, Haynes's father, David, protected the family's property by telling Union soldiers he was the father-in-law Nathaniel G. Taylor, while telling Confederate soldiers he was the father of Landon Carter Haynes. Haynes married Eleanor Powell around 1840. They had six children: Robert, James, Helen, Mary, David and Joseph. Robert Haynes, son of Landon, represented Madison County in

1508-417: The Democratic Party in 1839. In 1844, he was an elector for James K. Polk , while his old mentor, Nelson, was an elector for Henry Clay . While canvassing for Polk, Haynes honed his skills as an orator, delivering eloquent speeches in favor of Democratic positions, such as the annexation of Texas. At one event, he accused Whigs of being " latitudinarious ," prompting taunts from Brownlow, who stated there

1560-590: The Mountain Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers (now the U.S. Veterans Affairs Medical Center and National Cemetery ), Mountain Home, Tennessee was created by an act of Congress introduced by Walter P. Brownlow . Construction on this 450-acre (1.8 km ) campus, which was designed to serve disabled Civil War veterans, was completed in 1903 at a cost of $ 3 million. Before

1612-581: The Tennessee General Assembly elected Haynes to one of the state's two seats in the Confederate Senate (the other went to Gustavus A. Henry ). As a senator, he sought higher pay for troops, and introduced legislation that would allow pay for POWs to be sent to their families. He supported conscription , but sought exemptions for members of state militias and overseers of plantations with twenty or more slaves. He supported

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1664-451: The city's police force to draft into involuntary service as many of the town's citizens as necessary to aid police in making arrests and in preventing or quelling any riot, unlawful assembly or breach of peace. Johnson City is in northeastern Washington County, with smaller parts extending north into Sullivan County and east into Carter County. Johnson City shares a contiguous southeastern border with Elizabethton . Johnson City also shares

1716-553: The city. Johnson City and its metropolitan area had a gross metropolitan product of US$ 9.1 billion in 2019. Public art includes 12 to 15 sculptures that change every two years. Also, 24 bronze statuettes of animals indigenous to the Appalachian Highlands, cast by faculty and students at ETSU, are installed in various downtown locations; staff at the Johnson City Public Library created

1768-479: The city. The population density was 1,412.4 per square mile. There were 25,730 housing units at an average density of 655.1 units per square mile (252.9 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 90.09 percent white , 6.40 percent African American , 0.26% Native American , 1.22 percent Asian , 0.02 percent Pacific Islander , 0.69 percent from other races , and 1.32 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.89 percent of

1820-566: The completion of this facility, the assessed value of the entire town was listed at $ 750,000. The East Tennessee State Normal School was authorized in 1911 and the new college campus directly across from the National Soldiers Home. Johnson City began growing rapidly and became the fifth-largest city in Tennessee by 1930. Together with neighboring Bristol , Johnson City was a hotbed for old-time music . It hosted noteworthy Columbia Records recording sessions in 1928 known as

1872-472: The continued suspension of habeas corpus , but called for an end to martial law , and demanded that any civilians arrested for pro-Union activities be tried in civilian courts. Haynes favored fiscal conservatism, and called for the sale of cotton and tobacco to buy back Confederate-issued bank notes, which had depreciated. As the war came to an end in 1865, Haynes moved to Memphis , and was granted amnesty by his old congressional opponent, Andrew Johnson, who

1924-476: The entire incident. A few weeks later, Brownlow attacked Haynes with a cane, igniting a brawl that ended with Haynes drawing a pistol and shooting Brownlow in the thigh. In 1841, Haynes was hired as editor of the Tennessee Sentinel , a pro- Democratic Party newspaper that had been published by his brother-in-law, Lawson Gifford, since 1835. Over the next five years, Haynes and Brownlow engaged in

1976-625: The medical "Med-Tech" corridor, anchored by the Johnson City Medical Center and Niswonger Children's Hospital, Franklin Woods Community Hospital, ETSU's Gatton College of Pharmacy, and ETSU's Quillen College of Medicine . The popular citrus soda Mountain Dew traces its origins to Johnson City. In 2012, PepsiCo announced a new malt-flavored version of the drink named Mountain Dew Johnson City Gold in honor of

2028-554: The pardon a few days later. Haynes spent the remainder of his life in Memphis, practicing law. In 1872, he attended a banquet in Jackson, Tennessee , where he was introduced by Nathan B. Forrest , who pointed out that Haynes was from the "godforsaken" pro-Union region of East Tennessee. Haynes responded with a speech, "East Tennessee: An Apostrophe," in which he reminisced about the region's beauty, and longed to return. The speech

2080-439: The population. There were 23,720 households, out of which 25.0 percent had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1 percent were married couples living together, 11.6 percent had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9 percent were non-families. 33.9 percent of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5 percent had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2132-486: The revamped league designed for rising college freshman and sophomores. In the United States House of Representatives , Johnson City is represented by Republican Diana Harshbarger of the 1st district. Johnson City is run by a five-person board of commissioners. The mayor is Todd Fowler, the vice mayor is Aaron Murphy, and the commissioners are Jenny Brock, Joe Wise, and John Hunter. The city manager

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2184-399: The town was one of several distribution centers for Chicago gang boss Al Capone during Prohibition. Capone had a well-organized distribution network within the southern United States for alcohol smuggling; it shipped his products from the mountain distillers to northern cities. Capone was, according to local lore, a part-time resident of Montrose Court, a luxury apartment complex now listed on

2236-551: The war, with Johnson elected as the city's first mayor on January 3, 1870. The town grew rapidly from 1870 until 1890 as railroad and mining interests flourished. However, the national depression of 1893 , which caused many railway failures (including the Charleston, Cincinnati and Chicago Railroad or "3-Cs", a predecessor of the Clinchfield) and resulting financial panic, halted Johnson City's boom town momentum. In 1901,

2288-429: Was 2.20, and the average family size was 2.82. In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.8 percent under the age of 18, 13.7 percent from 18 to 24, 28.1 percent from 25 to 44, 22.5 percent from 45 to 64, and 15.9 percent who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.0 males. The median income for

2340-474: Was a hotbed of pro-Union activity, and expressing concerns that Unionists might attack bridges along the critical East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad (the latter of which was realized in November when Union guerrillas destroyed five railroad bridges in the region). He asked that Confederate troops be sent to occupy parts of East Tennessee to discourage Unionists, which Walker granted. On October 24, 1861,

2392-597: Was admitted to the bar in late 1840. While still in Elizabethton, Haynes began to quarrel with William G. "Parson" Brownlow, a former circuit rider who had left the ministry in 1839 to publish and edit the Whig , a radically pro- Whig newspaper (he had been encouraged to establish this paper by Haynes's mentor, Nelson). In March 1840, Brownlow accused Haynes of an assassination attempt after an unknown assailant fired two shots at him; Haynes suggested Brownlow fabricated

2444-574: Was an at-large elector for John C. Breckinridge , a position which required him to canvass the entire state. At one point, he jointly campaigned with his brother-in-law, Nathaniel G. Taylor , who was an elector for John Bell . In January 1861, following Abraham Lincoln 's victory, Haynes joined a growing chorus of Tennesseans who called for the state to align itself with the burgeoning Confederate States of America . In July 1861, after Tennessee had seceded, Haynes wrote to Confederate Secretary of War LeRoy P. Walker , warning him that East Tennessee

2496-400: Was his old law mentor, T.A.R. Nelson. Haynes championed states' rights and secession , while Nelson ran on a pro-Union platform. Unlike the 1851 campaign, the 1859 canvass was relatively cordial, with Haynes at one point coming to Nelson's defense after a newspaper had misquoted him. On election day, Nelson edged Haynes by just 90 votes. During the presidential election of 1860 , Haynes

2548-524: Was no such word. Haynes and Nelson would later serve as the respective electors for Lewis Cass and Zachary Taylor in 1848. Haynes was elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1845. As a legislator, he supported a repeal of the "quart" law (which banned the sale of liquor in quantities of less than one quart), tried to amend the bill chartering Jackson College to obtain funds for Washington College and Tusculum , and tried to amend

2600-497: Was now president. In June 1866, however, he was arrested and indicted for treason by a Knoxville court (possibly at the urging of Brownlow, who was now governor). In a letter to Johnson seeking another pardon, he argued that he would not receive a fair trial in Knoxville, since, "Mr. Brownlow ... does not love me with the tenderness of sensibility which his pious profession and Christian duties require him to do." Johnson granted

2652-543: Was republished numerous times in subsequent years. Haynes died in Memphis on February 17, 1875. He was initially buried in the city's Elmwood Cemetery , but was reinterred in Jackson Cemetery in Jackson in 1902. For decades after his death, Haynes was remembered primarily for his speaking ability. T.A.R. Nelson described him as the " Cicero of America," and author Frank Richardson (1831–1912) called him

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2704-846: Was the Johnson City Cardinals , who played in the Appalachian League as the Rookie affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals from 1975 to 2020. In conjunction with a contraction of Minor League Baseball beginning with the 2021 season, the Appalachian League was reorganized as a collegiate summer baseball league , and the Cardinals were replaced by the Johnson City Doughboys , a new franchise in

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