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108-614: The Freedom Memorial Museum is a project of the Human Rights Violations Victims' Memorial Commission (HRVVMC), a body created under Republic Act No. 10368. The legislation also known as the "Human Rights Victims Reparation and Recognition Act" was signed into law in 2013 by then President Benigno Aquino III . The HRVVMC is tasked to raise awareness among the youth information regarding the excesses of President Ferdinand Marcos ' administration as well as opposition against his regime . The HRVVMC in cooperation with

216-675: A deputy speaker of the House of Representatives on November 8, 2004, but relinquished the post on February 21, 2006, when Aquino joined his Liberal Party Drilon wing members in calling for the resignation of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo at the height of the Hello Garci scandal . Aquino was also Chairman of the Board of the Central Luzon Congressional Caucus. Barred from running for re-election to

324-752: A unicameral legislature . After decades of surveys, consultations, and studies starting with the Monroe Survey in 1925 during the American period, the 9-year implementation process of K–12 curriculum finally began on May 20, 2008 during the Arroyo administration when Senator Mar Roxas filed the Omnibus Education Reform Act of 2008 (Senate Bill 2294) to strengthen the Philippine education system through timely interventions on

432-657: A "final peace agreement" between the two parties. The CAB paved way for the drafting of the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL; later known as the Bangsamoro Organic Law or BOL), a charter for a proposed Bangsamoro autonomous region which would replace the ARMM. In 2015, President Aquino was accused of evading responsibility for the Mamasapano clash , a botched police operation, which resulted to

540-599: A break with tradition, Arroyo first delivered her inaugural speech at the Quirino Grandstand in Manila. She then departed for Cebu City for her oath taking, the first time that a Philippine president took the oath of office outside of Luzon . Allegations of cheating against Arroyo gained momentum one year after the May 2004 elections. In a press conference held on June 10, 2005, Samuel Ong , former deputy director of

648-452: A fact attributed to a combination of increased remittances from overseas Filipino workers and a strong domestic economy. Early in her presidency, Arroyo implemented a controversial policy of holiday economics, adjusting holidays to form longer weekends with the purpose of boosting domestic tourism and allowing Filipinos more time with their families. The Social Weather Stations public opinion group has conducted quarterly surveys tracking

756-401: A growing business process outsourcing industry. Arroyo's handling of the economy has earned praise from former US president Bill Clinton, who cited her "tough decisions" that put the Philippine economy back in shape. Despite this growth, the poverty rate remained stagnant due to uneven distribution of income. A controversial expanded value added tax (e-VAT) law, considered the centerpiece of

864-404: A landslide victory. After receiving final military honors at the inauguration ceremony of incoming President Benigno Aquino III , she headed straight to San Fernando, Pampanga for her own oath-taking as congresswoman. Despite being considered the strongest contender for speaker of the House , Arroyo declined to seek the position, hoping instead to take on a role similar to Sonia Gandhi , who

972-871: A master's degree in economics at the Ateneo de Manila University (1978) and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of the Philippines Diliman (1985). From 1977 to 1987, she held teaching positions in several schools, including the University of the Philippines and the Ateneo de Manila University. She became chairperson of the Economics Department at Assumption College. In 1987, she was invited by President Corazon Aquino to join

1080-537: A national day of mourning, instructing all public institutions nationwide and all Philippine embassies and consulates overseas to lower the Philippine flag at half-mast , in honor of the eight Hong Kong residents who died during the crisis. On August 25, 2010, at a press conference in Malacañang, Aquino apologized to those offended when he was caught on television apparently smiling while being interviewed at

1188-429: A press conference, the psychiatric report was supposedly signed by Father Jaime C. Bulatao, S.J., PhD, a Jesuit priest, a professor of Psychology and a clinical psychologist at the Ateneo de Manila University , taken when Aquino was finishing his bachelor's degree in economics at the university in 1979. It reportedly showed that Aquino suffered from depression and melancholia ; the priest later denied writing

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1296-415: A run for the presidency in the 1998 election , but was persuaded by President Fidel V. Ramos and leaders of the administration party Lakas-NUCD to instead seek the vice-presidency as the running mate of its presidential candidate, House Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr. Though the latter lost to popular former actor Joseph Estrada , Arroyo won the vice presidency by a large margin, garnering more than twice

1404-415: Is a Filipino academic and politician who served as the 14th president of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010 . She is the longest-serving president since Ferdinand Marcos . Before her presidency, she was the 10th vice president of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001 under President Joseph Estrada , becoming the first female vice president. She was also a senator from 1992 to 1998. After her presidency, she

1512-599: Is higher than in the administrations of her three immediate predecessors, Corazon Aquino (3.8%), Fidel Ramos (3.7%), and Joseph Estrada (3.7%). The Philippine economy grew at its fastest pace in three decades in 2007, with real GDP growth exceeding 7%. The economy was one of the few to avoid contraction during the 2008 global financial crisis , faring better than its regional peers due to minimal exposure to troubled international securities, lower dependence on exports, relatively resilient domestic consumption, large remittances from four-to five-million overseas Filipino workers, and

1620-537: Is the first president to succeed the presidency as the child of a previous president; her father was Diosdado Macapagal , the country's ninth president from 1961 to 1965. She studied economics at Georgetown University in the United States, where she became friends with her classmate and future U.S. president Bill Clinton . She then became a professor of economics at the Ateneo de Manila University , where her eventual successor, President Benigno Aquino III ,

1728-550: Is the third of the five children of Benigno Aquino Jr. , who was then the vice governor of Tarlac , and Corazon Cojuangco , daughter of prominent Tarlac businessman José Cojuangco . He has four sisters, namely: Maria Elena, Aurora Corazon, Victoria Elisa, and actress Kristina Bernadette . He attended the Ateneo de Manila University in Quezon City for his elementary, high school, and college education. Aquino finished his Bachelor of Arts (major in economics ) degree from

1836-594: The 15th President of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016. The son of assassinated politician Benigno Aquino Jr. and 11th President of the Philippines Corazon Aquino , he was a fourth-generation politician as part of the Aquino family of Tarlac . Benigno Aquino III previously served as a member of the House of Representatives and Senate from 1998 to 2010, and also as a deputy speaker of

1944-419: The 1987 Philippine Constitution . In Aquino's political ads, he was endorsed by his younger sister, television host Kris Aquino , and his mother, Corazon Aquino. Although a Roman Catholic , Aquino was endorsed by the pentecostal Jesus Is Lord Church , one of the largest Protestant churches in the Philippines . With more than 14.3 million votes, Aquino's tally was the sixth highest of the 37 candidates for

2052-528: The 2nd district of Pampanga , making her the second Philippine president – after Jose P. Laurel – to pursue a lower office after the expiration of their presidency. A petition seeking to disqualify Arroyo from the race was dismissed by the COMELEC for lack of merit, a decision which was later affirmed by the Supreme Court. With little serious competition, she was elected to Congress in May 2010 with

2160-439: The Hello Garci controversy and triggered massive protests against Arroyo. Key members of her cabinet resigned from their respective posts and urged Arroyo to do the same. On June 27, 2005, Arroyo admitted to inappropriately speaking to a COMELEC official, claiming it was a "lapse in judgement". She, however, denied influencing the outcome of the elections and declared that she won the elections fairly. Arroyo did not resign despite

2268-552: The House of Representatives of the Philippines , to represent the 2nd district of Tarlac , due to term limits, Aquino was elected to the Senate of the Philippines in the 2007 Philippine midterm election on May 15, 2007, under the banner of the Genuine Opposition (GO), a coalition comprising a number of parties, including Aquino's own Liberal Party , seeking to curb attempts by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to amend

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2376-596: The Malacañang Palace , which has been the official residence of his predecessors. Aquino announced the formation of a truth commission that would investigate various issues including corruption allegations against his predecessor President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo with former Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. as commission head. Aquino took the oath of office on June 30, 2010, at the Quirino Grandstand in Rizal Park , Manila . The oath of office

2484-624: The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) claimed to have audio recordings of wiretapped conversations between Arroyo and an official of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC). Virgilio Garcillano , a former COMELEC commissioner, would later be identified as the official talking to Arroyo. According to Ong, the recordings allegedly proved that Arroyo ordered the rigging of the national elections for her to win by around one million votes against Poe. The recordings of Ong became known as

2592-477: The United Architects of the Philippines , held a design competition for a museum which will be dedicated to the martial law era in the Philippines. Five final designs were shortlisted from 106 entries with "Fall of Brutal" design by architects Mark Anthony Pait, Mark Angelo Bonita and Wendell Crispo selected as the winning entry on August 21, 2019. The HRVVMC opened the bidding for the construction of

2700-655: The presidency of Rodrigo Duterte , the Supreme Court acquitted her by a vote of 11–4. Also, the Supreme Court declared the Department of Justice 's 'hold departure orders' unconstitutional. Arroyo's lawyers stated afterward that she no longer needed her medical paraphernalia. Arroyo is a member of the Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language and supported the teaching of Spanish in

2808-472: The 12 vacant seats elected from the nation at large. Aquino assumed his new office on June 30, 2007. During the campaign, Aquino reached out to his former political rival, Senator Gregorio Honasan , supporting his application for bail. Aquino told Job Tabada of the Cebu Daily News , on March 5, 2007: "I endorse Honasan's request for bail para parehas ang laban [to even out the playing field]. I

2916-437: The 1987 Constitution, the top twelve vote-getting senatorial candidates would win a six-year term, and the next twelve candidates would win a three-year term. Arroyo ranked 13th in the elections, earning a three-year term. She was re-elected in 1995 , topping the senatorial election with nearly 16 million votes. As a legislator, Arroyo filed over 400 bills and authored or sponsored 55 laws during her tenure as senator, including

3024-1033: The 31st anniversary of the People Power Revolution by marching to the People Power Monument and joining the protests against the Ferdinand Marcos regime . Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 14th President of the Philippines Policies First term Second term Senator of the Philippines Vice President of the Philippines Post-Presidency Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo ( Tagalog: [ˈɡloɾja makapaˈɡal ʔaˈɾojo] ; born April 5, 1947 ), often referred to as PGMA or GMA ,

3132-538: The 90-day election campaign period from February 9 – May 8, 2010, Aquino received information that the first such report came from the wife of Nacionalista Party supporter and former National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR) president Guido Delgado, a move Aquino claimed was made with "malicious intent". A second report came from an unidentified supporter of Senator Manny Villar , the Nacionalistas' leader and presidential candidate. Later presented by Delgado at

3240-648: The Anti-Sexual Harassment Law, the Indigenous People's Rights Law, and the Export Development Act. The 1995 Mining Act, which allows 100% foreign ownership of Philippine mines, has come under fire from left-wing political groups. Arroyo was also openly against the implementation of capital punishment in the country, advocating instead for better criminal rehabilitation during her time as Senator. Arroyo considered

3348-614: The Arroyo administration's economic reform agenda, was implemented in November 2005, aiming to complement revenue-raising efforts that could plug the country's large budget deficit. Her administration originally set a target to balance the national budget by 2010. The tax measure boosted confidence in the government's fiscal capacity and helped to strengthen the Philippine peso , making it East Asia's best performing currency in 2005–06. The peso strengthened by nearly 20% in 2007, making it one of Asia's better performing currencies for that year,

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3456-491: The Ateneo in 1981. Former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo , his eventual predecessor, was one of his professors at the university. In September 1972, his father, a senator and prominent opposition leader to President Ferdinand Marcos , was arrested for subversion. In August 1973, Aquino's father was brought before a military tribunal in Fort Bonifacio . In 1980, after a series of heart attacks, Aquino's father

3564-531: The College of Fine Arts Gallery. The museum's design is a result of a design competition with the winning entry being "Fall of Brutal" by a team consisting of architects Mark Anthony Pait, Mark Angelo Bonita and Wendell Crispo. The museum will exhibit Brutalist architecture which is a common style adopted by infrastructure projects built by President Marcos' administration such as the Cultural Center of

3672-611: The Cory Aquino for President Movement (CAPM), collecting more than one million signatures nationwide and asking Aquino's mother to run against Ferdinand Marcos in the 1986 presidential snap elections . On September 1, 2009, at the Club Filipino , in a press conference, Senator Mar Roxas , president of the Liberal Party, announced his withdrawal from the 2010 presidential race and expressed his support for Aquino, as

3780-526: The EDSA Shrine, and staged what they called, EDSA III – comparing their actions to the People Power revolution of 1986 and January 2001. Thousands of protesters demanded the release of Estrada. Eventually, they also called for the ouster of Arroyo and the reinstatement of the former. On May 1, 2001, they marched towards Malacañang to force Arroyo to give in to their demands. Violence erupted when

3888-420: The House of Representatives from 2004 to 2006. On September 9, 2009, shortly after the death of his mother , he announced his candidacy in the 2010 presidential election , which he eventually won. He was sworn into office as the 15th president of the Philippines on June 30, 2010, succeeding Gloria Macapagal Arroyo . Under Aquino's presidency , the nation's economy grew at the highest rates in decades, and

3996-467: The Nation Address (SONA) on July 26, 2010, Aquino announced his intention to reform the education system in the Philippines by shifting to K–12 education , a 12-year basic education cycle. During the inaugural address, Aquino created the "no wang-wang " policy, strengthening the implementation of Presidential Decree No. 96. Wang-wang is colloquial term for blaring sirens. The decree

4104-561: The National Assembly from 1943 to 1944; his maternal grandfather, José Cojuangco , was also a member of the House of Representatives; and his parents were Corazon Aquino, who served as the 11th president of the Philippines (1986–1992), and Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. Aquino was a member of the Liberal Party , where he held various positions such as secretary general and vice president for Luzon . Aquino became

4212-457: The Philippine government. Noynoying (pronounced noy-noy-YING or noy-NOY-ying ) was a protest tactic in the form of a neologism that Aquino's critics used to question his work ethic, alleging his inaction on the issues of disaster response and rising oil prices. A play on the term planking and Aquino's nickname, Noynoying involved posing in a lazy manner, such as sitting idly while resting his head on one hand, and doing nothing. Following

4320-569: The Philippines and the Philippine International Convention Center . The facade of the museum building is patterned after a clenched fist with flower patterns of ikat , patadyong , Moro and T'boli textiles to signify the "beauty of democracy unfolding"; or the years of resistance against the Marcos administration which culminated with the People Power Revolution of 1986. The surrounding landscape of

4428-522: The Philippines . This groundswell of support became known as the "Noynoy Phenomenon". On August 27, 2009, Edgardo "Eddie" Roces , son of the late journalist and media executive Chino Roces , and a group of lawyers and activists formed the Noynoy Aquino for President Movement (NAPM), a nationwide campaign to collect a million signatures in order to persuade Aquino to run for president, reminiscent of Roces' father, who on October 15, 1985, launched

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4536-673: The Philippines on July 27, 2003. A group of 321 armed soldiers who called themselves " Bagong Katipuneros " led by Army Capt. Gerardo Gambala and Navy Lt. Antonio Trillanes IV took over the Oakwood Premier Ayala Center (now Ascott Makati) serviced apartment tower in Makati to show the Filipino people the alleged corruption of the Gloria Macapagal Arroyo administration, believing that the president

4644-463: The Republic of the Philippines and in behalf of the people of the Philippines. President Aquino's administration was criticized during and after Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) in November 2013 for the government's "slow" response to aid the victims. This criticism resulted in countries like Canada providing humanitarian aid to the victims of the typhoon through non-governmental organizations and not

4752-584: The Senate, including Franklin Drilon , Francis Pangilinan , and Pia Cayetano , condemned the proclamation as it contravenes "the fundamental guarantees of the Constitution, particularly the basic civil liberties enshrined therein." The state of emergency existed for about one week with the purpose of curbing further violence, illegal rallies, and public disturbance throughout the Philippines. The police and

4860-528: The Senior High School stage. The program was introduced because the Philippines was among the three countries in the world at that time still had a 10-year basic education program. Among the criticisms of the K-12 program is the associated costs to be shouldered by teachers, parents, and students for the additional two years of basic education as well as the lack of classrooms and teachers required for

4968-587: The State of the Nation Address by Benigno Aquino III. Doctors performed a five-hour spine surgery on July 29, 2011. Two more surgeries occurred in August 2011, which aggravated her hypoparathyroidism . The House of Representatives, under the leadership of Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. , issued a travel permit allowing her to have treatment in Germany despite the Department of Justice hold departure order. Arroyo

5076-436: The Supreme Court. On May 4, the high court declared the proclamation constitutional; however, it also ruled it was illegal for the government to implement warrantless arrests and seize private institutions and companies. Arroyo spearheaded a controversial plan for an overhaul of the constitution to transform the present unitary and presidential republic with a bicameral legislature into a federal parliamentary government with

5184-703: The administration, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and the Philippine National Police (PNP), the latter led by Panfilo Lacson , also withdrew their support for President Estrada. Days after leaving Malacañang Palace, President Estrada's lawyers and allies questioned the legitimacy of Arroyo's presidency before the Supreme Court, with Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago among the more outspoken politicians to call for his reinstatement as president. Estrada reiterated that he had not officially resigned as president and that at most, Arroyo

5292-586: The banning of reappointment to the Judicial and Bar Council ; and the prevention of reappointment and bypassing of the Commission on Appointments . On November 26, 2008, the Liberal Party elected Mar Roxas , president of the Liberal Party, as the standard-bearer of the Liberal Party for President of the Philippines in the then-upcoming 2010 presidential elections . Following the death and funeral of Aquino's mother , former President Corazon Aquino, many people began calling on Aquino to run for President of

5400-415: The building was pattern after dried land to represent the negative impact of Marcos' decades-long rule. Benigno Aquino III Benigno Simeon Aquino III KGCR ( locally [bɛˈniːɡ.no ʔɐˈxiː.no] ; born Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III ; February 8, 1960 – June 24, 2021), also known as Noynoy Aquino and colloquially as PNoy , was a Filipino politician who served as

5508-625: The campaign, Senator Francis Escudero began endorsing Aquino as president and PDP–Laban standard-bearer Jejomar Binay , for Vice President , launching the Aquino–Binay campaign . On June 9, 2010, at the Batasang Pambansa Complex , in Quezon City , the Congress of the Philippines proclaimed Aquino as the president-elect of the Philippines , following the 2010 election with 15,208,678 votes, while Jejomar Binay ,

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5616-568: The conclusion of the 2013 Philippine mid-term elections on May 13, 2013, defeating the ruling Liberal Party 's Vivian Dabu, who was the provincial administrator under former Governor Ed Panlilio . She was re-elected in 2016 for her third consecutive term, running unopposed. In early 2011, Arroyo was diagnosed with cervical spondylosis or cervical radiculopathy . She was rushed to the St. Luke's Medical Center in Taguig on July 25, 2011, minutes after

5724-734: The construction of all public infrastructures by penalizing contractors of defective infrastructures. The bill also requires the Bureau of Maintenance under the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) to conduct periodic inspections of public infrastructures. Aquino also pushed for the passage of the Amending the Government Procurement Act (SB 2160), which applies to all government procurement activities regardless of source of funds whether local or foreign; only treaties or international/executive agreements entered into by

5832-544: The country was dubbed a " Rising Tiger " economy. Known for his confrontational foreign policy, his administration filed an arbitration case, Philippines v. China , before the Permanent Court of Arbitration in an attempt to invalidate China's claims in the South China Sea and assert the Philippines' claims in the area; the court ruled in favor of the Philippines. His term ended on June 30, 2016, and he

5940-526: The country's education system during her presidency. Arroyo was born as Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5, 1947, in San Juan , Rizal , Philippines, to lawyer Diosdado Macapagal and his wife, Evangelina Guico Macaraeg Macapagal . She is the sister of Diosdado "Boboy" Macapagal Jr. She has two older siblings from her father's first marriage with Purita de la Rosa, the sister of Rogelio de la Rosa , Arturo Macapagal and Cielo Macapagal Salgado. She

6048-547: The crime scene hours after the Manila hostage crisis . Aquino said: "My smile might have been misunderstood. I have several expressions. I smile when I'm happy, I smile when I'm faced with a very absurd situation...and if I offended certain people, I apologize to them. It's more of an expression maybe of exasperation rather than anything and again, I apologize if I offended certain people, who misunderstood (my) facial expression." On September 3, 2010, Aquino took responsibility for

6156-542: The crisis. Aquino actually has direct supervision of the Philippine National Police , since Aquino had asked Secretary of the Interior and Local Government Jesse Robredo to address other concerns, such as coming up with a comprehensive plan on delivering social services to and relocating informal settlers in coordination with the local governments. No formal apology for the crisis was made by Aquino until President Rodrigo Duterte formally apologized in 2018 as president of

6264-618: The death of 44 Special Action Force officers. He was also criticized for entrusting the operation to suspended police chief Alan Purisima . This led to a decrease of public support for the BBL. Aquino introduced reforms on the Philippine education program by introducing the K-12 curriculum by signing into law the Enhanced Basic Education Act in 2013. This added two years to the basic education system; which became known as

6372-463: The death sentences of over 1,200 prisoners. On November 18, 2011, Arroyo was arrested and held at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City on charges of electoral sabotage but released on bail in July 2012. These charges were later dropped for lack of evidence. She was rearrested in October 2012 on charges of misuse of $ 8.8 million in state lottery funds. She was given hospital arrest due to life-threatening health conditions. During

6480-426: The document at all. Another supposed psychiatric report that later surfaced claimed that Aquino suffered from major depressive disorder ; the report's supposed author, Jesuit priest Father Carmelo A. Caluag II, denied writing any evaluations of Aquino. The university's psychology department later debunked the documents, with Aquino labelling them as another desperate effort by rivals to malign his reputation. During

6588-431: The elections the following year. He came back on September 9 to formally announce his candidacy. Almost two weeks later, Roxas pledged to run alongside Aquino as the Liberal Party standard-bearer for vice-president. The two men filed their respective certificates of candidacy for president and vice-president on November 28, 2009. Fake psychiatric reports on Aquino's mental health began circulating online during

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6696-444: The entire sea, although China continues to disregard the decision. The case was filed in 2013, after the Philippines lost control of the Scarborough Shoal after the 2012 standoff with China over the dispute feature . He is also responsible for instituting the term " West Philippine Sea " in 2012 for the eastern parts of the South China Sea which the Philippines claims to be part of its exclusive economic zone . Aquino appointed

6804-401: The executive director. He later joined Mondragon Industries Philippines, Inc. as an assistant retail sales supervisor and Nike Philippines as an assistant promotions manager. From 1986 to 1992, during the presidency of his mother, Aquino joined the Intra-Strata Assurance Corporation, a company owned by his uncle Antolin Oreta Jr., as vice president. On August 28, 1987, eighteen months into

6912-421: The following to the Supreme Court of the Philippines : On August 23, 2010, in front of the Quirino Grandstand in Rizal Park , Manila , the Manila hostage crisis occurred when a gunman took hostage a bus with Hong Kong tourists. Aquino defended the actions of the police at the scene, stating that the gunman had not shown any signs of wanting to kill the hostages. Aquino ordered a "thorough investigation" into

7020-409: The former mayor of Makati , was proclaimed as the vice president-elect of the Philippines with 14,645,574 votes, defeating runner-up for the vice presidency Mar Roxas, the standard-bearer of the Liberal Party for vice president. The presidency of Benigno Aquino III began at noon on June 30, 2010, and became the fifteenth president of the Philippines , succeeding Gloria Macapagal Arroyo . From

7128-408: The government as assistant secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry . She was promoted to undersecretary two years later. In her concurrent position as executive director of the Garments and Textile Export Board, Arroyo oversaw the rapid growth of the garment industry in the late 1980s. Arroyo entered politics in the 1992 election , running for senator . At the first general election under

7236-586: The government prior to its enactment shall be exempt from coverage. The bill was filed in light of the Department of Justice (DOJ) declaration regarding the validity of the NBN–ZTE deal corruption scandal , wherein its international aspect, as well as the fact that it was an executive agreement, was cited as one reason for its exemption from the procurement process stipulated in Republic Act No. 9184. Focusing further on accountability in government appropriations and spending, Aquino filed other reform-oriented bills, among which were Philippine National Police reform;

7344-410: The government. Arroyo resigned from the Cabinet in October 2000, distancing herself from Estrada, who was accused of corruption by a former political supporter, Chavit Singson , Governor of Ilocos Sur . She had initially resisted pressure from allies to speak out against Estrada, but eventually joined calls for Estrada's resignation. The last quarter of 2000 up to the first week of January 2001

7452-434: The implementation of the shift to K-12. Benigno Aquino III is noted for his confrontational foreign policy against China , especially concerning the Philippines' approach in pursuing its claims in the South China Sea . It was under his administration, that the China v. Philippines case was filed in the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) which ruled in 2016 the invalidity of China's nine-dash line claim which covers

7560-462: The inaugural address, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority began to enforce Aquino's no wang-wang policy, confiscating wang-wang from public officials and private motorists who illegally used them. Aquino resumed stalled peace talks with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), a rebel group in Mindanao seeking self-determination for Moros . He met with the MILF in Tokyo, Japan in August 2011 to initiate peace talks which resulted to

7668-507: The incident, and would wait until it is completed before deciding whether anyone should lose his or her job. Aquino declared that the media may have worsened the situation by giving the gunman "a bird's-eye view of the entire situation". Aquino also made reference to the Moscow theater hostage crisis , which, according to Aquino, resulted in "more severe" casualties despite Russia's "resources and sophistication". On August 24, 2010, Aquino signed Proclamation No. 23, declaring August 25, 2010, as

7776-626: The initial criticisms hurled against Arroyo centered on her lack of word of honor. As predicted by SWS exit polls, Arroyo won the election by a margin of over one million votes against Poe. However, the congressional canvassing was quite contentious as opposition lawmakers in the National Board of Canvassers argued that there were many discrepancies in the election returns and that insinuations of cheating were raised. On June 23, 2004, Congress proclaimed Arroyo and Noli de Castro as president and vice president, respectively. On June 30, 2004, in

7884-534: The issue of bribery. Paguia's complaint was based on the revelation of Pampanga Governor Ed Panlilio that various governors received half a million pesos from Malacañang. The impeachment case, as of the middle of October 2007, has already been referred to the House of Representatives Committee on Justice. On February 24, 2006, a plot to take over the government was uncovered by authorities, allegedly headed by Gen. Danilo Lim and other rightist military adventurists. General Lim and some of his men were arrested. To face

7992-414: The military dispersed demonstrators and protesters, especially those along EDSA. Aside from General Lim, prominent personalities were also arrested in connection with their alleged participation in the attempt to overthrow the government. Presidential Proclamation 1017 was lifted on March 3, 2006, but members of the opposition, private lawyers, and concerned citizens challenged its constitutionality before

8100-513: The museum on September 21, 2020. The museum was initially projected to open on September 23, 2022, which coincides with the 50th anniversary of the declaration of martial law over the country by President Marcos. The groundbreaking ceremony for the museum is set to be held in December 2024. The Freedom Memorial Museum will be built inside the University of the Philippines Diliman campus in Quezon City . The museum building will be erected beside

8208-480: The net satisfaction rating ("satisfied" rating minus "dissatisfied" rating") of President Arroyo. She began her presidency in the first quarter of 2001 with a net satisfaction rating of +24. Her rating first dipped into the negative in the first quarter of 2003, making Arroyo the only president to achieve a negative net satisfaction rating in SWS opinion polling. Her rating rebounded well into the positive in 2004, in time for

8316-537: The party standard-bearer instead. Aquino later stood side by side with Roxas, but did not make a public statement at the press conference. The next day, Aquino announced that he would be going on a "spiritual retreat" over the weekend to finalize his decision for the elections, visiting the Carmelite sisters in Zamboanga City , reminiscent of his mother's own soul-searching in 1985 before deciding to run for

8424-402: The position of SB 2294; he said this will "give everyone an equal chance to succeed" and "have quality education and profitable jobs." Arroyo, who earned a master's degree and doctorate in economics, made the Philippine economy the focus of her presidency. Annual economic growth in the Philippines averaged 4.5% during the Arroyo administration, expanding every quarter of her presidency. This

8532-437: The presidency in 2004. She emphasized that she would devote her remaining months in office to serving the people and improving the economy of the Philippines. In October 2003, Arroyo changed her mind and announced that she will run in the May 2004 presidential elections and seek a direct mandate from the people. She explained, "There is a higher cause — to change society...in a way that flourishes our future". With her decision,

8640-440: The presidency of Aquino's mother, rebel soldiers led by Gregorio Honasan staged an unsuccessful coup attempt , attempting to lay siege to Malacañang Palace . Aquino was two blocks from the palace when he came under fire. Three of Aquino's four security escorts were killed, and the last was wounded protecting him. He himself was hit by five bullets, once in the neck. From 1993 to 1998, he worked for Central Azucarera de Tarlac,

8748-440: The presidential election where she won election to a new six-year term. However, net satisfaction sunk back into negative territory in the fourth quarter of 2004, and has remained negative since, dipping as low as −38 in the second quarter of 2008. Her net satisfaction rating in the first quarter of 2009 was −32. In November 2009, Arroyo formally declared her intention to run for a seat in the House of Representatives representing

8856-427: The pressures coming from various sectors of society. The Hello Garci controversy became the basis of the impeachment case filed against Arroyo in 2005; attempts to impeach Arroyo failed later that year. Another impeachment case was filed against Arroyo in 2006 but was also defeated at the House of Representatives . In October 2007, lawyer Alan Paguia filed an impeachment complaint against Arroyo in connection with

8964-411: The protesters attempted to storm the presidential palace and the military and police were ordered to use their arms to drive them back. Arroyo declared a state of rebellion because of the violence and prominent political personalities affiliated with Estrada were charged and arrested. The so-called EDSA III was the first serious political challenge to the Arroyo presidency. The Oakwood mutiny occurred in

9072-466: The quality of teachers, the medium of instruction used and the evaluation of students' aptitude, among other aspects. It mandates the effectivity of K–12 four years later on April 24, 2012 during the administration of Arroyo's successor Benigno Aquino III which increase in the number of years in basic education, from 10 years to 12 years as consistent with global standards. On January 7, 2010, senator and presidential candidate Benigno Aquino III adopted

9180-519: The significant emasculation of Congress' ability to check the president's authority. Aquino filed this bill so that the president would have to pass a measure through Congress every time that they the chief executive had the impetus to impound part of the budget. Another significant Aquino contribution to the Philippines' corruption problem was Senate Bill 2035, which is the Preservation of Public Infrastructures bill, seeking to raise standards in

9288-798: The signing of the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro between the Philippine government and the rebel group the following year. The agreement started the process of replacing the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) with a new political entity. In 2014, the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (CAB) was signed between the Philippine government and the MILF, with the deal characterized as

9396-495: The start of his presidency on, he was also referred to in the media as PNoy . The presidential transition began on June 9, 2010, when the Congress of the Philippines proclaimed Aquino the winner of the 2010 Philippine presidential elections held on May 10, 2010, proclaiming Aquino as the president-elect of the Philippines . Aquino took residence in the Bahay Pangarap , the first president to do so, instead of

9504-479: The streets in masses to continue the clamor for President Estrada's resignation. From January 17 to 20, 2001, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos gathered at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), the site of the original People Power Revolution . The clamor for a change in the presidency gained momentum as various sectors of Philippine society – professionals, students, artists, politicians, leftist and rightist groups – joined what became known as EDSA II . Officials of

9612-587: The sugar refinery in the Cojuangco-owned Hacienda Luisita . He was employed as the executive assistant for administration from 1993 to 1996 and subsequently worked as manager for field services from 1996 to 1998. Aquino was a fourth-generation politician: his great-grandfather, Servillano "Mianong" Aquino , served as a delegate to the Malolos Congress ; his paternal grandfather, Benigno Aquino Sr. , served as Speaker of

9720-472: The threat posed by enemies of the state, Arroyo issued Presidential Proclamation 1017 and used it as basis in declaring a state of emergency throughout the Philippines. According to Arroyo, this declaration was done to quell the military rebellion, stop lawless violence, and promote peace and stability. Presidential Proclamation 1017 also empowered the government to enforce warrantless arrests and take over strategic private utilities companies. Several members of

9828-486: The turnover ceremonies to his successor Rodrigo Duterte at Malacañang, Aquino returned to his parents' residence along Times Street, Quezon City. After leaving office, Aquino remained silent on the Duterte administration and rarely made public appearances. However, in November 2016, Aquino attended a concert at Rizal Park and joined protests against the burial of Ferdinand Marcos . In February 2017, Aquino commemorated

9936-419: The votes of her closest opponent, Estrada's running mate Senator Edgardo Angara . Arroyo began her term as vice president on June 30, 1998, becoming the first female to hold the post. She was appointed by Estrada to a concurrent position in the cabinet as secretary of social welfare and development . As vice president, she was noted by political observers to continuously take a neutral stance on issues facing

10044-488: Was a classmate of future United States president Bill Clinton . She then earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from Assumption College San Lorenzo graduating magna cum laude in 1968. In 1968, Arroyo married lawyer and businessman Jose Miguel Arroyo of Binalbagan, Negros Occidental . They have three children: including Juan Miguel (born 1969), and Diosdado Ignacio Jose Maria (born 1974). She received

10152-429: Was a period of political and economic uncertainty for the Philippines. On January 16, 2001, the impeachment trial also took a new direction. Private prosecutors walked out of the trial when pro-Estrada senators prevented the opening of an evidence (a brown envelope) containing bank records allegedly owned by President Joseph Estrada . With the walkout, the impeachment trial was not completed and Filipinos eventually took to

10260-452: Was administered by Associate Justice Conchita Carpio-Morales , who officially accepted Aquino's request to swear him into office, reminiscent of the decision of his mother, who in 1986, was sworn into the presidency by Associate Justice Claudio Teehankee . After being sworn in as the fifteenth president of the Philippines , succeeding Gloria Macapagal Arroyo , Aquino delivered his inaugural address . During Aquino's first State of

10368-650: Was allowed to seek medical treatment in the United States, where Aquino's family began a period of self-exile in Boston . After graduating, Aquino joined his family there in 1981. In 1983, after three years in exile in the United States, Aquino's family returned to the Philippines , shortly after the assassination of his father on August 21, 1983. He had a short tenure as a member of the Philippine Business for Social Progress , working as an assistant of

10476-573: Was arrested on November 18, 2011, after a Pasay court issued a warrant of arrest against her, following the filing of a complaint for electoral sabotage by the COMELEC. The arrest warrant was served at the St. Luke's Medical Center in Taguig where Arroyo had been confined. Days earlier, the Supreme Court had issued a resolution enjoining attempts by the Department of Justice to prevent her departure from

10584-419: Was elected as the representative of Pampanga's 2nd district in 2010 and continues to serve in this role. She also served as the speaker of the House from 2018 to 2019, and as deputy speaker from 2016 to 2017 and 2022 to 2023. Alongside former president Sergio Osmeña , she is one of only two Filipinos to hold at least three of the four highest offices: vice president, president, and house speaker. Arroyo

10692-454: Was going to declare martial law . Article VII Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution explicitly states that the president of the Philippines can only serve for one term. However, the same provision also implicitly states that a president's successor who has not served for more than four years can still seek a full term for the presidency. Although Arroyo fell under this category, she initially announced on December 29, 2002, that she would not seek

10800-413: Was hit by bullets from Honasan's men in the neck and hips but that's past now. The principle of my father was, 'Respect the rights even of your enemies.' Ito ang nagpatingkad ng demokrasya [This is what defines democracy]. Genuine reconciliation is democracy in action." Aquino was referring to an unsuccessful coup attempt staged by rebel soldiers led by Gregorio Honasan on August 28, 1987, in which Aquino

10908-515: Was influential as merely the head of her party. On her first day as a lawmaker, Arroyo and her son Dato filed a resolution calling for Congress to call a constitutional convention to propose amendments to the existing constitution. While still confined in the Veterans Memorial Medical Center for hospital arrest, Arroyo successfully earned a second term as congresswoman for Pampanga's second congressional district at

11016-498: Was issued on January 13, 1973, by then President Ferdinand Marcos , regulating the use of sirens and other similar devices only to motor vehicles designated for the use of select national government officials, the police, the military, the fire department and ambulances . Despite having the privilege of using wang-wang as president, Aquino refrained from using sirens to set up an example for his policy, even if it means being stuck in traffic and being late every now and then. After

11124-501: Was just serving in an acting capacity. The high court, however, voted unanimously to uphold the legitimacy of Arroyo's succession. As a consequence, Estrada no longer enjoys immunity from charges being filed against him. In the last week of April 2001, the Sandiganbayan ordered the arrest of Estrada and his son, then mayor Jinggoy Estrada , for plunder charges. A few days later, Estrada supporters protested his arrest, gathered at

11232-402: Was one of her students. She entered government in 1987 as assistant secretary and undersecretary of the Department of Trade and Industry under President Corazon Aquino , Benigno's mother. After Estrada was accused of corruption, Arroyo resigned from her cabinet position as secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development and joined the opposition against the president. Estrada

11340-512: Was ousted by the Second EDSA Revolution in 2001, and Arroyo was sworn in as president by Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. on January 20. The Oakwood mutiny occurred in 2003 during her administration. She was elected to a full six-year term in the controversial 2004 presidential election and was sworn in on June 30, 2004. A long-time opponent of the death penalty, she abolished capital punishment in 2006 after commuting

11448-707: Was raised mostly in Lubao , Pampanga and during summer vacations, she lived with her maternal grandmother in Iligan City . She moved with her family into Malacañang Palace in Manila when her father became president. A municipality was named in her honor, Gloria, Oriental Mindoro . She attended Assumption Convent for her elementary and high school education, graduating valedictorian in 1964. Arroyo then studied for two years at Georgetown University 's Walsh School of Foreign Service in Washington, D.C. where she

11556-404: Was seriously injured. The Budget Impoundment and Control Act (Senate Bill No. 3121), wherein "impoundment" refers to the power of the president to refuse the release of funds appropriated by the Congress of the Philippines , is another bill Aquino was proud of; he regretted, however, that such power has been used and abused by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, a result of which abuse has been

11664-619: Was succeeded by Rodrigo Duterte . After leaving office, Aquino was the subject of legal actions over his role in the Mamasapano clash and for approval of a controversial budget project; he was later acquitted of all charges filed against him regarding the Mamasapano incident. Aquino died from diabetic kidney disease on June 24, 2021, at age 61. Noynoy Aquino was born as Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III on February 8, 1960, at Far Eastern University Hospital in Sampaloc, Manila . He

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