37-403: Friendship Medal may refer to: Friendship Medal (China) Friendship Medal (Cuba) Friendship Medal (Vietnam) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Friendship Medal . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
74-761: A crime or has committed other serious violations of the law or discipline. He also enhanced the vigorous development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-building Measures in Asia . She's also deeply concerned about the Chinese people and was the first to lend a helping hand after the Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes and other major natural disasters. Salim would have loved to receive
111-420: A single cord and are often double-layered and symmetrical in all directions. Satin cording is the most widely used material, especially when the knotting is done for clothing and jewellery; however, cotton, parachute cord , and other materials are frequently used as well. Knots are often paired with tassels , which are created separately and then incorporated into the main work. Chinese knots are created in
148-541: A variety of colors such as gold, green, blue, or black, though the most commonly used color is red, which symbolizes good luck and prosperity. Chinese knot scholar Lydia Chen lists eleven basic types of Chinese decorative knotwork. Complex knots are constructed from repeating or combining basic knots. 中国纽扣结(simplified) 三叶草结 (simplified) 十字结 (simplified) 双结 (simplified) 双钱结 (simplified) 好运结 (simplified) 盘长结 (simplified) 平结 (simplified) 圆锦结(simplified) 万字结 (simplified) Archaeological studies indicate that
185-468: Is a Chinese folk art with ties to Buddhism and Taoism . A Chinese knot is made from a single length of cord that is woven into different shapes, with each shape having a symbolic meaning. The most common color used in Chinese knotting is red, a color associated with luck in Chinese culture , although any color can be used. Charms, beads, and jade are sometimes incorporated into a Chinese knot. It
222-444: Is believed that Chinese knotting originated for recording information and exchanging messages before writing was commonplace. Traditionally, Chinese knots acted as good-luck charms to ward off evil spirits. Chinese knots are used today to decorate homes during festivities and are also commonly seen in traditional jade jewellery and traditional Chinese clothing . Chinese knots come in a variety of shapes and sizes. They are made from
259-605: Is believed to originate from China, from which Korean knots evolved into its own culture in terms of design, color, and incorporation of local characteristics. The origins of maedeup date back to the Three Kingdoms of Korea in the first century CE. Maedeup articles were first used at religious ceremonies. A wall painting from 357 CE found in Anak , Hwanghae Province , now in North Korea , indicates that silk
296-414: Is bestowed on foreign nationals who have made outstanding contributions to China's socialist modernization, the promotion of exchange and cooperation between China and foreign countries, and the protection of world peace. All the recipients have cooperated and participated actively in supporting China's social, cultural, economic and international developments to various degrees. The first Friendship Medal
333-667: Is on a small high-stemmed square pot from the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BCE), which is now displayed in the Shanxi Museum . However, archaeology research has found that the earliest decorative knot artifact in China can be traced back to 4000 years ago, when a three-row rattan knotting of a double coin knot was excavated from Liangzhu ruins. Knots gradually evolved into a distinct decorative art in China , beginning with
370-839: The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the ceremony of awarding the state medals and state honors of the People's Republic of China was held in the Great Hall. The President of the People's Republic of China , CCP General Secretary , and Chairman of the Central Military Commission attended the ceremony, and both made speeches. The major colors used for the Friendship Medal are gold and blue. The body of
407-618: The Northern dynasties period (317–581), and on silk paintings from the Western Han period (206 BCE – 9 CE). Archaeological and literary evidence indicate that knots were used in China as a method of keeping records, especially to assist in governance . The practice had some similarities to the Incan practice of quipu . Several works of classical Chinese literature make reference to it. The Tao Te Ching (ca. 400 BCE) alludes to
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#1732781105462444-818: The People's Republic of China . The bestowal is decided by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and presented by the President of China . On 27 December 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed a law establishing two national medals, the Medal of the Republic and the Friendship Medal, effective on 1 January 2016. The Friendship Medal
481-529: The Qing dynasty (1644–1911), Chinese knotting evolved from folklore to an acceptable art form in Chinese society. The Lào zi culture again became popular during the Qing dynasty. During that time, basic knots were widely used to embellish everyday objects such as ruyi , sachets , purses, fan tassels, spectacle cases, and rosaries, and the single knot technique was extended into complicated knots. According to
518-556: The 1970s, when Lydia Chen helped bring about a renewal of interest in the art form through the Chinese Knotting Promotion Center. Chinese knotting has since become a popular symbol and souvenir in festivals and commodity markets . The use of pan kou on clothing and knots as a folk craft remains alive in China. The knot-tying tradition in Japan is called hanamusubi , a term composed of
555-634: The Chinese classical novel Dream of the Red Chamber , the Lào zi was developed and spread between the middle and upper nobility, who used Lào zi as a way to express love and luck between family members, lovers, and friends. It was also a form of honorable craftsmanship studied and created by maids in the Imperial Palace. As written in the Gongnü Tan Wang lu ( 宫女谈往录 ), when knotting,
592-461: The Chinese knots. In function, Japanese knots are more decorative than functional. With a greater emphasis on the braids that are used to create the knots, Japanese knotting tends to focus on individual knots. In Korea , decorative knot work is known as maedeup ( Korean : 매듭 ), often referred as Korean knotwork or Korean knots in English. The Korean knotting techniques
629-567: The Tang and Song dynasty (960–1279 CE), the love-based knot became an important symbol, as evidenced in many of the poems, novels, and paintings of the era. In the memoir Dongjing Meng Hua Lu ( 東京夢華錄 ) written by Meng Yuanlao , it is observed that in the traditional wedding custom , a Concentric knot needed to be held by the bride and groom. Other ancient poems used the Concentric knot to portray love, such as Luo Binwang 's poem: "Knot
666-463: The agreement by tie cords due to lack of characters." [其吏治，无文字，结绳齿木为约]. In addition to their use in recording, knots became a totem and belief motif. A double coin knot pattern painting on a silk banner was discovered by archaeologists in the Mawangdui tombs (206 BCE – CE 9). The pattern is of intertwined dragons forming a double coin knot in the middle of the fabric painting. The upper part of
703-483: The art of tying knots dates back to prehistoric times. Discoveries include 100,000-year-old bone needles used for sewing and bodkins used to untie knots . Due to the delicate nature of the medium, little evidence of prehistoric Chinese knotting exists today. Some of the earliest evidence of knotting has been preserved on bronze vessels from the Warring States period (481–221 BCE), Buddhist carvings from
740-534: The award in person, but was unable to come to China for health reasons. Therefore, his daughter attended the award ceremony instead. He attended the first " Belt and Road " International Cooperation Summit Forum and actively contributed to the objective understanding of all sectors in France and Europe in the "Belt and Road" cooperation. Chinese knotting Chinese knotting , also known as zhongguo jie ( Chinese : 中國結 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó jié ),
777-424: The chain of the Friendship Medal. This includes the use of Chinese decorative knots (solidarity), peony flowers (wealth/prosperity), jade (earth) and auspicious clouds (luck/fortune). The whole medal is handmade with traditional crafts. An example could be the filigree inlay , which is also known as the fine gold arts. Such a heritage crafting technique can be spotted especially on the lotus petals as well as
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#1732781105462814-449: The conditions for awarding the Friendship Medal as stipulated in this law and who dies before the implementation may be awarded state medals and state honors posthumously. In addition, state medals and state honors are for the lifetime of their recipients but can also be revoked. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) has the right to revoke the Friendship Medal if the recipient has been sentenced to imprisonment for
851-623: The development of more sophisticated techniques and increasingly intricate woven patterns. During the Song and Yuan dynasties (960–1368), the Pan Chang knot , today's most recognizable Chinese knot, became popular. Much artwork evidence has also shown the knots as clothing decoration during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644); for instance, in Tang Yin 's artwork, a knotting ribbon is clearly shown. During
888-632: The engraved golden symbols. Another worth-noting technique is silk-pinching enamel, which is used to craft most of the blue parts of the Friendship Medal. The colour blue not only stood out from the rest of the gold medals, but it is also used to adorn the calm and stable colour symbolism within the traditional Chinese culture. According to the Law of the People's Republic of China on National Medals and National Honorary Titles, state medals and state honors can be awarded posthumously. Any recipient who has made outstanding contributions during their lifetime and meets
925-417: The fabric painting depicts the ancient deities Fuxi and Nüwa , the initiators of marriage in China, from whom many ancient poems derive "love" as a meaning of the double coin knot. There is evidence from the 3,000-year-old Yinxu oracle bone script that knots were recognized as symbols rather than for functional use. According to Lydia Chen, the earliest tangible evidence of knots as a decorative motif
962-438: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friendship_Medal&oldid=1086776551 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Friendship Medal (China) The Friendship Medal is the highest honorary medal bestowed on foreign nationals by
999-481: The maids of Ci Xi were able to quickly produce many different knots. There was little development of knotting during the Republic of China (1912–1949). Simpler knots were popular, for example the pan kou , which had been developed before the Qing dynasty, used knot button ornaments designed particularly for the cheongsam in this period. Knowledge and interest in Chinese knotting had declined considerably by
1036-477: The medal adopted various elements; a dove which represents peace and love is placed at the centre of the medal plate, whereas earth is also engraved on the bottom of the dove, followed by a sign of hand-shaking that symbolises the friendly attitude from China to other countries. The medal plate is surrounded by lotus petals, a flower that represents pureness, peace and harmony in traditional Chinese culture. Likewise, even more, traditional elements can be observed from
1073-510: The officers could be regulated, and (the affairs of) all the people accurately examined." The Eastern Han (25–220 CE) scholar Zheng Xuan , who annotated the Yi Jing , wrote that: "Big events were recorded with complicated knots, and small events were recorded with simple knots." [事大，大结其绳；事小，小结其绳]. The chapter of Tubo (Tibet) in the New Book of Tang says: "The government makes
1110-468: The practice in chapter 80. As translated by Wing-tsit Chan : "Let the people again knot cords and use them (in place of writing)" [使民復結繩而用之] The Yi Jing , Xi Ci II (ca. 168 BCE ), describes the practice: "In the highest antiquity, government was carried on successfully by the use of knotted cords (to preserve the memory of things). In subsequent ages the sages substituted for these written characters and bonds. By means of these (the doings of) all
1147-546: The ribbon as the Concentric knot, interlock the love as the clothes." [同心结缕带，连理织成衣]. It was also mentioned in a poem written by Huang Tingjian : "We had a time knotting together, loving as the ribbon tied." [曾共结，合欢罗带]. The most famous poem about the Love knot was written by Meng Jiao in Jie Ai ( 结爱 – lit. ' Bond of Love ' ). The phenomenon of knot-tying continued to steadily evolve over thousands of years with
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1184-559: The use of ribbon knotting and decorative knots on clothing during the Spring and Autumn period. This is attested in the Zuo Zhuan , where it is written that: "The collar has an intersection, and the belt is tied as knots." [衣有襘．帶有結] Chinese knotting was thus derived from the Lào zi culture. The Chinese word Lào is an ancient Chinese term for knots, and it was customary to tie a knot at
1221-492: The waist with silk or cotton ribbon. The Sui and Tang dynasties (581–906 CE) saw the first peak of the Lào zi culture when basic knots, such as the Swastika knot and the round brocade knot, became popular adornments on garments, both among the nobility and the commoners. Knots were cherished not only as symbols and tools, but also as an essential part of everyday life to decorate and express thoughts and feelings. In
1258-414: The words hana , meaning "flower", and musubi , meaning "knot". The hanamusubi is a legacy of the Tang dynasty of China, when a Japanese Emperor in the 7th century was so impressed by Chinese knots which were used to tie a gift from the Chinese that he started to encourage Japanese people to adopt the practice. Japanese knots are more austere, formal, simple, and structurally looser than
1295-645: Was awarded by President Xi Jinping to Vladimir Putin , President of Russia , on 8 June 2018. In August 2015, the 16th session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress first considered the Law of the People's Republic of China on National Medals and National Honorary Titles (Draft). In December 2015, the 18th session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress
1332-460: Was held in Beijing, where the Law of the People's Republic of China on National Medals and National Honorary Titles (Draft) was considered for the second time. In January 2016, the Law of the People's Republic of China on National Medals and National Honorary Titles was finally issued, which established the Friendship Medal. In June 2018, the first Friendship Medal was awarded. With the approval of
1369-426: Was the primary medium at the time. Decorative cording was used on silk dresses, to ornament swords, to hang personal items from belts for the aristocracy, and in rituals, where it continues now in contemporary wedding ceremonies. Korean knotwork is differentiated from Korean embroidery . Maedeup is still a commonly practiced traditional art, especially among the older generations. The most basic knot in maedeup
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