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25-832: Frito means "fried" in Spanish. According to the Handbook of Texas , published by the Texas State Historical Association : The Frito Company was born in 1932 at the height of the Great Depression. The family of Charles Elmer (C. E.) Doolin (1903–1959) owned the Highland Park Confectionary in San Antonio, and Doolin, twenty-eight at the time, wanted to add a salty snack to their repertoire. He responded to an ad in

50-482: A platform of post-Reconstruction fiscal reform. His two gubernatorial terms were marked by a reduction in state expenditures. His plan for countering the high taxes and state debt of the Reconstruction years became known as "pay as you go." A major part of the plan involved the sale of public lands to finance the debt and to fund public schools. Though ultimately successful in both reducing the debt and increasing

75-496: A residence hall after him. During his tenure at the university, Roberts wrote several professional works, among them a text, The Elements of Texas Pleading (1890), which was used for decades after his retirement from teaching. In 1893, he left the university and moved to Marble Falls, where he turned his attention to more general historical writings. Among his works were his essay The Political, Legislative, and Judicial History of Texas for its Fifty Years of Statehood, 1845–1895 , which

100-643: Is an American nonprofit educational and research organization dedicated to documenting the history of Texas . It was founded in Austin, Texas , United States, on March 2, 1897. In November 2008, the TSHA moved its offices from Austin to the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas . In 2015, the offices were relocated again to the University of Texas at Austin . On February 13, 1897, ten persons convened to discuss

125-507: The San Antonio Express . The ad, placed by Gustavo Olguin, listed for sale an original recipe for fried corn chips along with an adapted potato ricer and nineteen retail accounts. Doolin bought the small business venture for $ 100, and began to manufacture the chips in his mother’s kitchen with the help of his father, Charles Bernard Doolin; mother, Daisy Dean Stephenson Doolin; and brother, Earl Doolin. These four founders made up

150-513: The Pepsi-Cola Company to become PepsiCo , one of the world's largest producers of soft drinks and snack foods. According to Smithsonian magazine, C. E. Doolin did not eat meat or salt and was a follower of fellow Texan Herbert M. Shelton , a naturopath who advocated raw foods and fasting as a cure for diseases. From 1952 to 1967, Frito Kid was the company's official mascot, designed by Keitz & Herndon . The Frito Bandito

175-664: The TSHA: Oran Milo Roberts Oran Milo Roberts (July 9, 1815 – May 19, 1898), was an American politician who served as the 17th Governor of Texas from January 21, 1879, to January 16, 1883. He was a member of the Democratic Party . Roberts County, Texas , is named after him. Roberts was born in Laurens District, South Carolina. He studied at the University of Alabama , graduated in 1836, and

200-572: The Texas Supreme Court. Two years later, under the new Texas Constitution, he was elected to the same position. He served as chief justice for four years and was involved in rewriting much of Texas civil law. He resigned as Chief Justice after receiving a unanimous nomination from the Democratic Convention to run for governor. In 1878 he was elected governor of Texas and served two terms. He was elected governor of Texas on

225-422: The charter meeting. One of the founders was John Henninger Reagan . This first formal meeting of the TSHA included men and several women who became charter members. At this first meeting, George P. Garrison advocated that archival material about Texas needed to be preserved. Officers were chosen during the meeting, and controversy over what John Salmon Ford called "lady members" caused Ford to storm out of

250-640: The company owned more than fifty production plants, including ones in Hawaii and Venezuela, as well as a number of "Frito farms" across Texas, where Doolin grew corn and other crops for use in his products. The Frito Company was one of the first to invest in Disneyland , and from the park's opening in 1955 had a Casa de Fritos Restaurant there. In 1961, the Frito Company merged with H. W. Lay and Company to become Frito-Lay . In 1965, Frito-Lay merged with

275-458: The creation of a nonprofit to promote Texas state history. George Pierce Garrison , chair of the University of Texas history department, led the organizational meeting establishing the association on March 2, 1893. The TSHA elected Oran Milo Roberts as its first president. In addition to Roberts, TSHA charter members included Guy M. Bryan , Anna Pennybacker , Bride Neill Taylor , and Dudley G. Wooten . About twenty or thirty persons attended

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300-543: The delegations of the southern states were seated. Roberts eventually returned to Gilmer, Texas , where he opened a law school in 1868. Among his students were a future Texas Supreme Court justice, Sawnie Robertson, and a future Dallas district judge, George N. Aldredge. Upon the ascension of the Democrats to power in Austin in 1874, Roberts was appointed by Governor Richard Coke to his former position of Chief Justice of

325-611: The first board of directors, with Charles Bernard Doolin serving as the first chairman. The Doolin family began selling Fritos in 1932 under the name of the Frito Corporation, located first in their garage; they soon bought the house next door to expand their operation. In 1933–34, they opened plants in Dallas and Tulsa. In 1936, Fritos were displayed at the Texas Centennial Exposition and the exhibit

350-473: The meeting. Ford wanted to amend the TSHA constitution to replace "members" with "lady members" when the participants were women. Garrison opposed the change, and eventually Taylor spoke up and agreed that there was no need to change anything. Ford could not be placated and after yelling at Taylor, "Madam, your brass may get you into the association, but you will never have the right to get in under that section as it stands," his amendment to create "lady members"

375-733: The passage of the ordinance removing Texas from the Union in 1861. In 1862 he resigned his seat on the bench and entered the Confederate Army and was elected as colonel of the 11th Texas Infantry Regiment with which he served as part of the Walker's Texas Division in the Trans-Mississippi Department during the greater part of the campaigns in Arkansas and Louisiana. In 1864, while he was with his command, Roberts

400-527: The public school fund, the decreased government appropriations under Roberts halted public school growth for a time. The present Capitol in Austin was contracted during Roberts's terms, and the cornerstone for the University of Texas was laid in 1882. Railroad mileage increased across West Texas, and the frontier became more secure. In 1883, just before Roberts's second term as governor was to end, The University of Texas opened in Austin. After his term, he

425-624: Was a well-respected lecturer in law for the University of San Augustine . In 1856, Roberts ran for and won a position on the Texas Supreme Court . He became a spokesman for states' rights, and when the secessionist crisis appeared in 1860, he was at the center of the pro-Confederate faction. In January 1861 he was unanimously elected president of the Secession Convention in Austin, a meeting that he had been influential in calling. Along with his colleagues, Roberts led

450-455: Was admitted to the bar the following year. After serving a term in the Alabama legislature, he moved to Texas , where he opened a successful law practice. In 1844, he was appointed a district attorney by Texas President Sam Houston . In 1846, after Texas had become a state, Roberts was appointed district judge by Governor James Pinckney Henderson . He also served as president of the board and

475-415: Was appointed professor of law , a position that he held for the next ten years. He was immensely influential in the state's legal profession. His impact on a generation of young attorneys was symbolized by the affectionate title "Old Alcalde" bestowed upon him by his students. In continuance of that legacy, the University of Texas named its alumni magazine "Alcalde" in his honor and, in 1963, built and named

500-683: Was elected Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He held the position until he was removed along with other state incumbents in 1865. During Reconstruction , he was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1866. Along with David G. Burnet , he was elected by the state legislature to the US Senate . However, as the Reconstruction Act has become law, the states were subject to military rule, and none of

525-560: Was held on June 17, 1897. Topics included "The Expulsion of the Cherokees From East Texas , "The Last Survivor of the Goliad Massacre ," "The Veramendt House," "Thomson's Clandestine Passage Around Nacogdoches ," and "Defunct Counties of Texas." There was also a group business meeting. By 1928, the TSHA had 500 members. The organization produces four educational publications: A list of presidents of

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550-558: Was its mascot from 1967 until about 1971, and was discontinued due to complaints about the racist Bandito image. He was initially replaced by the Muncha Bunch, a group of cowboys, which then were replaced by W.C. Fritos, modeled after comedian W. C. Fields . A spiral-shaped variation of Fritos chips, currently only available in the United States. Handbook of Texas The Texas State Historical Association ( TSHA )

575-708: Was moved to the 'Castle of Foods' during the 1938 State Fair of Texas . By 1947, the company had plants in Los Angeles and Denver, and licensed franchises nationwide, including H. W. Lay and Company, which had an exclusive franchise to produce and sell Fritos in the Southeastern United States . As its business expanded, the Frito Company also produced other items, including Cheetos (1948), chili, bean dip, tortilla chips, and other Mexican-inspired treats, along with potato chips, roasted peanuts, fried pork skins, and other snack-food products. By 1955,

600-551: Was published in an early general history of the state, Comprehensive History of Texas, 1685 to 1897 (1898), edited by Dudley G. Wooten; and chapters on Texas in volume eleven of C. A. Evans's Confederate Military History (1899). He participated in forming the Texas State Historical Association and served as its first president. He died in Austin Texas on May 19 1898. Roberts was married to Frances W. Edwards of Ashville, Alabama , from 1837 until her death in 1883. They were

625-429: Was unanimously defeated by the others at the meeting. The other charter members viewed Ford's departure as detrimental, counting on his political influence to help support the group. The first president was Oran Milo Roberts, with Wooten, Bryan, Julia Lee Sinks , and Charles Corner elected as vice presidents. Membership dues were $ 2 a year in 1897. The TSHA held annual meetings in Austin. The first annual meeting

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