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28-698: In 744 Saint Sturm , a disciple of Saint Boniface , founded the Benedictine monastery of Fulda as one of Boniface's outposts in the reorganization of the church in Germany . The initial grant for the abbey was signed by Carloman , Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia (in office 741–47), the son of Charles Martel . The support of the Mayors of the Palace, and later of the early Pippinid and Carolingian rulers,

56-594: A Baroque renovation. A small, 9th-century chapel remains standing within walking distance of the church, as do the foundations of a later women's abbey. Rabanus Maurus served as abbot at Fulda from 822 to 842. Fulda Abbey owned such works as the Res Gestae by the fourth-century Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus and the Codex Fuldensis , as well as works by Cicero , Servius , Bede and Sulpicius Severus . Prince-abbot Balthasar von Dernbach adopted

84-550: A prince-abbot ( German : Fürstabt ) was the cleric who headed a princely abbey . The prince-abbot had a seat and an individual vote ( votum virile ) in the Imperial Diet alongside the prince-bishops. They ranked higher than the imperial abbots and imperial abbesses who although they were also immediate , held only two collective votes in the Diet. Actual prince-abbots were: This Catholic Church –related article

112-435: A bishopric in 1752 and the prince-abbots were given the additional title of prince-bishop . The prince-abbots (and later prince-bishops) ruled Fulda and the surrounding region until the bishopric was forcibly dissolved by Napoleon I in 1802. The city went through a baroque building campaign in the 18th century, resulting in the current "Baroque City" status. This included a remodeling of Fulda Cathedral (1704–12) and of

140-468: A policy of Counter-Reformation . In 1571 he called in the Jesuits to found a school and college. He insisted the members of the chapter should return to a monastic form of life. Whereas his predecessors had tolerated Protestantism , resulting in most of the citizenry of Fulda and a large portion of the principality's countryside professing Lutheranism , Balthasar ordered his subjects either to return to

168-503: A year visiting Benedictine abbeys learning how the monks lived. Before returning to Fulda, Sturm met with Pope Zachary , who placed the monastery under the jurisdiction of the Vatican, rather than under the bishop. After the death of Boniface, this led to serious conflicts between Lullus, then archbishop of Mainz , and abbot Sturm. Nevertheless, Sturm prevailed over the bishops of Mainz and Utrecht in having Boniface, so-called Apostle of

196-917: Is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category   2 station . It is on the Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway ; the North–South line ( Nord-Süd-Strecke ), comprising the Bebra–Fulda line north of Fulda, and the Kinzig Valley Railway and Fulda–Main Railway to the south; the Vogelsberg Railway , which connects to the hills of the Vogelsberg in the west; and the Fulda–Gersfeld Railway (Rhön Railway) to Gersfeld in

224-600: The Benedictine monastery and abbey of Fulda in 742 or 744. Sturm's tenure as abbot lasted from 747 until 779. Sturm was born c.  705 in Lorch , Austria , and was most likely related to the Agilolfing dukes of Bavaria . His parents placed him under the care of Boniface, who was carrying out the church reorganization in Bavaria and Austria (founding the bishoprics of Salzburg , Regensburg and Würzburg ). He

252-563: The Catholic faith or leave his territories. He also ordered the Fulda witch trials , in which hundreds of people, including a number of crypto-Protestants were arrested on charges of witchcraft alongside others. The foundation of the abbey of Fulda and its territory originated with an Imperial grant, and the sovereign principality therefore was subject only to the German emperor . Fulda became

280-528: The Frisians in 754, the relics of Saint Boniface were brought back to Fulda. Because of the stature this afforded the monastery, the donations increased, and Fulda could establish daughter-houses further away, for example in Hamelin . Meanwhile, Saint Lullus , successor of Boniface as archbishop of Mainz , tried to absorb the abbey into his archbishopric, but failed. Between 790 and 819 the community rebuilt

308-625: The Fulda Gap , a traditional east–west invasion route used by Napoleon I and others. During the Cold War , it was presumed to be an invasion route for any conventional war between NATO and Soviet forces . Downs Barracks in Fulda was the headquarters of the American 14th Armored Cavalry Regiment , later replaced by the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment . The cavalry had as many as 3,000 soldiers from

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336-646: The Rhön Mountains to the east. Fulda is on the Bundesautobahn 7 (BAB 7). Bundesautobahn 66 starts at the interchange with the BAB 7, heading south towards Frankfurt . Fulda is also on the Bundesstraße 27 . Fulda is twinned with: Saint Sturm Sturm ( c.  705 – 17 December 779), also called Sturmius or Sturmi , was a disciple of Boniface and founder and first abbot of

364-535: The Stadtschloss (Fulda Castle-Palace, 1707–12) by Johann Dientzenhofer . The city parish church, St. Blasius, was built between 1771 and 1785. In 1764 a porcelain factory was started in Fulda under Prince-Bishop, Prince-Abbot Heinrich von Bibra , but shortly after his death it was closed down in 1789 by his successor, Prince-Bishop, Prince-Abbot Adalbert von Harstall. The city was given to Prince William Frederick of Orange-Nassau (the later King William I of

392-523: The Germans, buried in Fulda after his assassination in 754 near Dokkum in Frisia . This made Fulda a major place of pilgrimage for many peoples, including Anglo-Saxons , and brought much prestige and a stream of gifts and donations to Fulda. Building on this success, Sturm was able to fend off efforts by the bishops of Mainz and Würzburg to invalidate the abbey's exemption. In 763, Lull convinced Pippin

420-738: The Netherlands ) in 1803 (as part of the short-lived Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda ), was annexed to the Grand Duchy of Berg in 1806, and in 1809 to the Principality of Frankfurt . After the Congress of Vienna of 1814–15, most of the territory went to the Electorate of Hesse , which Prussia annexed in 1866. From 1938 to 1943, Fulda was the location of a Nazi forced labour camp for Romani people . Fulda lends its name to

448-487: The Younger to banish Sturm from Fulda to Jumièges ( Normandy ). Lull named a new abbot, whom the monks refused to accept. Eventually, Lull allowed them to elect their own abbot and within two years they convinced Pepin to allow Sturm to return to Fulda. During his exile, he spent time with the common people of Germany, by the time he was rehabilitated, he had developed a much humbler demeanour, leading to him being known by

476-750: The area to battle the Moors in Spain, the Saxons revolted and drove out the monks. In 779, he accompanied Charlemagne into Saxony, but fell ill and died soon after returning to Fulda on 17 December 779, where he was buried in the cathedral. Sturm was recognised as a saint prior to the East–West Schism in 1054, hence the Orthodox Church continues to honour him. The post-1054 Roman Papacy did not accept all pre-Schism saints, sometimes reviewing their status. He

504-619: The city cathedral. During the time of the German Empire and Weimar Republic , the city was a stronghold for the Centre Party . After the end of World War II, in addition to all mayors, Fulda's constituency seats have been safe seats for CDU in both the Landtag of Hesse (District X 1946–1950, District 14 1950–1983, Fulda I since 1983) and Bundestag ( Fulda electoral district ). The CDU has never received less than 42.4 percent of

532-514: The commoners as the "Quaint Saint". In 774, the Abbey of Fulda received royal protection from Charlemagne . In the same year, Fulda was assigned missionary territories in heathen Saxony , thereby becoming a bridgehead in the Frankish political efforts to seize the Saxons' lands and forcibly impose Christianity on them. Sturm established the abbey of St. Boniface at Hamelin . When Charlemagne left

560-478: The donations Fulda received from these and other important families helped in the establishment of daughter-houses near Fulda. In 751, Boniface and his disciple and successor Lullus obtained an exemption for Fulda, having it placed directly under the Papal See and making it independent of interference by bishops or worldly princes. The monastery school became a renowned center of learning. After his martyrdom by

588-519: The end of World War II until 1993. Not all those soldiers were in Fulda proper, but scattered over observation posts and in the cities of Bad Kissingen and Bad Hersfeld . The strategic importance of this region, along the border between East and West Germany, led to a large United States and Soviet military presence. Fulda has traditionally been a conservative Catholic city, with the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda being based in

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616-467: The main abbey church to more fittingly house the relics . They based their new basilica on the original 4th-century (since demolished) Old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, using the transept and crypt plan of that great pilgrimage church to frame their own saint as the "Apostle to the Germans". The crypt of the original abbey church still holds those relics, but the church itself has been subsumed into

644-427: The vote in communal elections since 1946. Oberbürgermeister (Lord mayor) Department I (head and personnel administration, finance, committee work, culture, business development, city marketing, investments) Department II (public security and order, family, youth, schools, sports, social affairs, seniors) Landtag (state parliament) Bundestag (federal parliament) Source: Between 1927 and 1974, Fulda

672-421: Was a district-free city (Kreisfreie Stadt). Since 1974, it has been included in the eponymous district as a city with special status (Stadt mit Sonderstatus), a distinction it shares with six other Hessian cities, meaning that it takes on tasks more usually performed by the district. Fulda station is a transport hub and interchange point between local and long-distance traffic of the German railway network , and

700-547: Was accordingly formally canonized in 1139 by Pope Innocent II . His life was recorded in the Vita Sturmi by the fourth abbot of Fulda, Eigil of Fulda (d. 822), a relative of his who had been a monk in Fulda for over 20 years under abbot Sturm. Saint Sturm's Fountain is located in Fulda in front of the old town hall. It depicts Benedict, Boniface, and Sturm. Prince-abbot In the Holy Roman Empire ,

728-673: Was educated in the Benedictine monastery of Fritzlar by abbot Wigbert . He was then active as a missionary in northern Hesse , where in 736 he established a monastic settlement in Haerulfisfeld ( Hersfeld ). Ordained in 740 as priest in Fritzlar. Boniface sent him to work for three years as a missionary in Westphalia. He then was a hermit at Hersfeld, until raiding Saxons drove him from his unprotected hermitage. Sturm

756-746: Was important to Boniface's success. Fulda also received support from many of the leading families of the Carolingian world. Sturm, whose tenure as abbot lasted from 747 until 779, was most likely related to the Agilolfing dukes of Bavaria . Fulda also received large and constant donations from the Etichonids, a leading family in Alsace , and from the Conradines , predecessors of the Salian Holy Roman Emperors . Under Sturm,

784-766: Was instructed by Boniface in 744 to establish a monastery in the region of Eichloha, which had been granted to Boniface by the Frankish Mayor of the Palace Carloman . In the ruins of a 6th-century Merovingian royal camp, destroyed 50 years earlier by the Saxons , at a ford on the Fulda River , Sturm established the monastery and was named first abbot of Fulda by Boniface. Around 748, Sturm and two other monks went to study Benedictine life as practiced at Monte Cassino and establish it at Fulda. They spent

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