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92-817: The street is named after Robert Fulton ; a street of the same name in Manhattan was linked to this street by Fulton with his steam ferries. For a hundred years before the Fulton Ferry monopoly, Fulton Street was the Ferry Road through Jamaica Pass and, in the centuries before any ferry service, Indian path to the Hempstead Plains . It began at the Fulton Ferry Landing and climbed south through Brooklyn Heights past Brooklyn Borough Hall to where it now begins at Adams Street. Part of

184-486: A grid plan , the streets are named to indicate their location on a Cartesian coordinate plane . For example, the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 for Manhattan provided for numbered streets running parallel to the minor axis of the island and numbered and lettered avenues running parallel to the long axis of the island, although many of the avenues have since been assigned names for at least part of their courses. In

276-689: A change in official language. After the death of Francisco Franco , the Spanish transition to democracy gave Catalonia the status of an autonomous community , with Catalan as a co- official language . While some street names in Catalonia were changed entirely, most were merely given the Catalan translations of their previous Castilian names; for example, Calle San Pablo (Saint Paul Street) in Barcelona became Carrer Sant Pau . In most cases, this

368-634: A changing or previously unrecognized ethnic community or to honour politicians or local heroes. In towns such as Geneva , Brussels , Namur and Poznań initiatives have recently been taken to name or rename more streets and other public spaces after women. A changed political regime can trigger widespread changes in street names – many place names in Zimbabwe changed following their independence in 1980, with streets named after British colonists being changed to those of Zimbabwean nationalist leaders. After Ukraine 's pro-Western revolution in 2014,

460-524: A direction (the cardinal points east, west, north, south, or the quadrants NW, NE, SW, SE) especially in cities with a grid-numbering system. Examples include "E Roosevelt Boulevard" and "14th Street NW". These directions are often (though not always) used to differentiate two sections of a street. Other qualifiers may be used for that purpose as well. Examples: upper/lower, old/new, or adding "extension". " Main Street " and " High Street " are common names for

552-410: A double border of Heather Blue and black was added. The new blue tile in the centre of the trim-line is also somewhat darker than the original, the new color being shown as "Midnight Blue". Each platform has six staircases and one elevator leading up to the full-length mezzanine . Before renovation, the entire mezzanine was inside fare control, but the mezzanine was split into two separate parts during

644-656: A grid, such as Arlington County, Virginia , a grid-based naming system is still sometimes used to give a semblance of order. Often, the numbered streets run east–west and the numbered avenues north–south, following the style adopted in Manhattan, although this is not always observed. In some cases, streets in "half-blocks" in between two consecutive numbered streets have a different designator, such as Court or Terrace, often in an organized system where courts are always between streets and terraces between avenues. Sometimes yet another designator (such as "Way", "Place", or "Circle")

736-462: A huge street renaming campaign began in the early 20th century, changing almost all of the street names into numbers, in accordance with the adoption of a new unified house numbering scheme. Some New York City Subway stations retained their names, instead of changing with their corresponding street(s). A few examples survive today, such as 33rd Street–Rawson Street station . Sometimes street renaming can be controversial, because of antipathy toward

828-545: A major artery of Downtown Brooklyn , Fort Greene and Clinton Hill . At Franklin Avenue, Fulton Street then becomes the signature street of Bedford–Stuyvesant . At Broadway Junction in East New York , the street is interrupted by the intersection of Broadway and Jamaica Avenue , but continues on the other side as a one-way residential street through East New York and Cypress Hills until Norwood Avenue, once again as

920-475: A memorial to New York City Transit workers who died in World War II . The entrance/exit at the south end has only full height turnstiles and two staircases leading to either side of Jay and Fulton Streets. The full-time BMT-only entrance is at Lawrence and Willoughby Streets near the west end. It has two platform stairs facing the opposite direction, a small turnstile bank, token booth, and four stairs to

1012-402: A money-counting room under 370 Jay Street. The platforms were built in 1951, the same year the building opened, though "money trains" had been in use on the system since 1905. The platforms were placed next to 370 Jay Street because it was a convenient location near where all three subway companies had tunnels. Tokens became New York City Transit fare media in 1951. Tokens were last used in

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1104-466: A narrow up-only escalator that bypassed the Lawrence and Willoughby Streets fare control, and led to a small landing with two high exit-only gates. A short staircase then connected to the landing of the southeast street stairs to that intersection. Formerly, " money trains " collected the tokens that were used to pay fares at each of the subway stations and deposited them into a special door that led to

1196-551: A particular theme. One example is Philadelphia , where the major east–west streets in William Penn 's original plan for the city carry the names of trees: from north to south, these were Vine, Sassafras, Mulberry, High (not a tree), Chestnut, Walnut, Locust, Spruce, Pine, Lombard and Cedar. (Sassafras, Mulberry, High and Cedar have since been renamed to Race, Arch, Market [the main east–west street downtown] and South.) Other examples of themed streets: In many cities laid out on

1288-551: A railway. Many roads are given the name of the place to which they lead, while others bear the names of distant, seemingly unrelated cities. As a road approaches its stated destination, its name may be changed. Hartford Avenue in Wethersfield, Connecticut , becomes Wethersfield Avenue in Hartford, Connecticut , for example. A road can switch names multiple times as local opinion changes regarding its destination: for example,

1380-510: A single street stair leading to the northeast corner of Willoughby and Jay Streets, while a set of staircases and escalators and one ADA-accessible elevator lead to the northwest corner underneath 370 Jay Street , the former headquarters of the Independent Subway System . The other two entrances/exits are unstaffed. The one at the north end has a weekday-only turnstile bank and token booth, full height turnstiles , and

1472-447: A street is named after a landmark that was destroyed to build that very street. For example, New York's Canal Street takes its name from a canal that was filled in to build it. New Orleans' Canal Street was named for the canal that was to be built in its right-of-way. While names such as Long Road or Nine Mile Ride have an obvious meaning, some road names' etymologies are less clear. The various Stone Streets, for example, were named at

1564-513: A street named "Park Avenue" need not have the characteristics of an avenue in the generic sense. Some street names have only one element, such as "The Beeches" or "Boulevard". In the 19th and early 20th centuries, it was common when writing a two-part street name (especially in Britain) to link the two parts with a hyphen and not capitalise the generic (e.g. Broad-street, London-road). This practice has now died out. A street name can also include

1656-697: A street named after Patrice Lumumba in Kyiv was renamed the street of John Paul II . In Portugal , both the Republican Revolution in 1910 and the Carnation Revolution in 1974 triggered widespread changes in street names to replace references to the deposed regimes (the Monarchy and Estado Novo respectively) with references to the revolutions themselves, as well as to figures and concepts associated with them. In response to

1748-427: A time when the art of building paved (stone) Roman roads had been lost. The main road through Old Windsor , UK, is called "Straight Road", and it is straight where it carries that name. Many streets with regular nouns rather than proper nouns, are somehow related to that noun. For example, Station Street or Station Road, do connect to a railway station, and many "Railway Streets" or similar do end at, cross or parallel

1840-821: A two-way street reaching the Queens border at Elderts Lane in Woodhaven , Queens . There it becomes 91st Avenue, which continues until 84th Street in Queens. On March 10, 2005, Fulton Street was co-named Harriet Ross Tubman Avenue along most of its length from Rockaway Avenue in Bedford-Stuyvesant to Elm Place in Downtown Brooklyn , on the anniversary of the death of the ex-slave and abolitionist, which has been designated " Harriet Tubman Day of Commemoration" in New York State. Fulton Street

1932-463: A waiting period of ten years or more. A dozen streets in San Francisco 's North Beach neighborhood were renamed in 1988 after deceased local writers; in 1994, the city broke with tradition, honoring Lawrence Ferlinghetti by renaming an alley after the poet within his own lifetime. Naming a street for a person is very common in many countries, often in the honorand's birthplace. However, it

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2024-421: A wall that blocked the view of the token booth clerk was removed to improve security, a part-time token booth was added, and lighting was upgraded. New York City mayor John Francis Hylan 's original plans for the Independent Subway System (IND), proposed in 1922, included building over 100 miles (160 km) of new lines and taking over nearly 100 miles (160 km) of existing lines, which would compete with

2116-485: A wide staircase to MetroTech Center and another stair and four escalators to the former New York City Transit Headquarters, a mostly vacant 13-story building at 370 Jay Street. These escalators were installed as part of a 1952 improvement, as were the squarish "Subway" entrance lamps that are found only in a few other places in the system. These were designed in Art Deco / Art Moderne style. The building itself has

2208-614: Is also the most controversial type of naming, especially in cases of renaming. Two main reasons streets are renamed are: (1) to commemorate a person who lived or worked in that area (for example, Avenue Victor Hugo in Paris , where he resided); or (2) to associate a prominent street in a city after an admired major historical figure even with no specific connection to the locale (for example, René Lévesque Boulevard in Montreal , formerly Dorchester Boulevard). Similarly, hundreds of roads in

2300-459: Is called Departures and Arrivals by Ben Snead. It consists of a 173-foot (53 m) long glass mosaic depicting animals including starlings, sparrows, lion fish, parrots, tiger beetles, and koi fish. It was installed as part of the MTA Arts for Transit program during the station complex's renovation. The full-time IND/BMT entrance is at the center and has a turnstile bank, token booth, and

2392-604: Is in York . The unusual etymologies of quite a few street names in the United Kingdom are documented in Rude Britain , complete with photographs of local signage . In the past, many streets were named for the type of commerce or industry found there. This rarely happens in modern times, but many such older names are still common. Examples are London's Haymarket ; Barcelona's Carrer de Moles (Millstone Street), where

2484-649: Is named after a locally famous physician whose clinic was located there. Many streets named after saints are named because they lead to, or are adjacent to, churches dedicated to them. Naming a street after oneself as a bid for immortality has a long pedigree: Jermyn Street in London was named by Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans , who developed the St. James's area for Charles II of England . Perhaps to dissuade such posterity-seeking, many jurisdictions only allow naming for persons after their death, occasionally with

2576-569: Is named after the Estudis Generals, a university building demolished in 1843, and the Rambla de Sant Josep, the Rambla dels Caputxins, and the Rambla de Santa Monica are each named after former convents. Only the convent of Santa Monica survives as a building, and it has been converted to a museum. London's Crystal Palace Parade takes its name from a former exhibition centre that stood adjacent to it, destroyed by fire in 1936. Sometimes

2668-406: Is served by the following subway lines: These bus routes serve the corridor: Fulton Mall is a pedestrian street and transit mall in Downtown Brooklyn that runs on Fulton Street between Flatbush Avenue and Adams Street. It contains 230 stores and dedicated bus lanes . For the mall's length, only buses, commercial vehicles, local truck deliveries, and emergency vehicles are allowed to use

2760-691: Is the local business improvement district . According to the Improvement Association, in 2003 the Fulton Mall area saw between 100,000 and 125,000 visitors a day. The mall has spurred additional commercial development in its immediate vicinity, such as the City Point development, and has become the most expensive place to do business in downtown Brooklyn. Fulton Street's retail space was $ 301 per square foot in 2016 and $ 326 per square foot in 2017. The Macy's store at 422 Fulton Street

2852-419: Is used for streets which go at a diagonal or curve around, and hence do not fit easily in the grid. In many cases, the block numbers correspond to the numbered cross streets; for instance, an address of 1600 may be near 16th Street or 16th Avenue. In a city with both lettered and numbered streets, such as Washington, D.C., the 400 block may be between 4th and 5th streets or between D and E streets, depending on

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2944-973: The Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT; later the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation , or BMT). The Dual Contracts included the construction of the Montague Street Tunnel , which connected the Broadway Line in Manhattan with the Fourth Avenue Line in Brooklyn at DeKalb Avenue station . Originally, the only station on the Montague Street Tunnel in Brooklyn was to have been at Court Street . After

3036-571: The IND Fulton Street , IND Culver , and BMT Fourth Avenue lines. The complex is located in the vicinity of MetroTech Center (near Jay and Willoughby Streets) in Downtown Brooklyn . It is served by the A , F , and R trains at all times; the C train at all times except late nights; the N train during late nights only; and a few rush-hour W and <F> trains in the peak direction. The complex consists of two distinct, perpendicular stations. The Jay Street–Borough Hall station

3128-745: The Smith Street (later Culver) Line . The lines were to intersect under Jay Street in Downtown Brooklyn. The Jay Street–Borough Hall station was part of a three-stop extension of the IND Eighth Avenue Line from Chambers Street in Lower Manhattan . Construction of the extension began in June 1928. The extension opened to Jay Street on February 1, 1933. The outer tracks first saw service on March 20, 1933, when

3220-690: The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 , Israel renamed streets called "UN Avenue" in Haifa, Jerusalem, and Tel Aviv to "Zionism Avenue". Some international causes célèbres can attract cities around the world to rename streets in solidarity; for example a number of streets with South African embassies were renamed honouring Nelson Mandela during his imprisonment. Street names can also be changed to avoid negative associations, like Malbone Street in Brooklyn , New York City , renamed Empire Boulevard after

3312-572: The address (though addresses in some parts of the world, notably most of Japan , make no reference to street names). Buildings are often given numbers along the street to further help identify them. Odonymy is the study of road names. Names are often given in a two-part form: an individual name known as the specific , and an indicator of the type of street, known as the generic . Examples are "Main Road", "Fleet Street" and "Park Avenue". The type of street stated, however, can sometimes be misleading:

3404-620: The BMT platform also leads to the southeast corner's entrance/exit. The AVA DoBro building contains stairs and an elevator, which connect to the eastern, full-height turnstile entrance. Unlike the elevator entrance at Jay and Willoughby Streets, this elevator entrance is not ADA-accessible. The station has a total of 16 staircase/escalator entrances and 2 elevator entrances. Full-time entrances are indicated in green, and part-time entrances are indicated in red. The Jay Street–MetroTech station (formerly Jay Street–Borough Hall station before

3496-683: The Culver Line. As such, for A and ​ C trains, the station is between High Street to the north and Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets to the south. For F and <F> ​ trains, the station is between York Street to the north and Bergen Street to the south. Diamond crossovers north of the station permit Eighth Avenue–Culver or Sixth Avenue–Fulton Street service; these switches are only used during service disruptions. The station originally measured 600 feet (180 m) long, and each platform measures about 30 feet (9.1 m) wide. The station has blue I-beam columns on

3588-511: The Fulton Mall area. The area is New York City's third-largest commercial center after Herald Square and a stretch of Madison Avenue . The mall has attracted major investments from prominent Brooklyn retail real estate developers such as Stanley Chera , Albert Laboz , Joseph Jemal, Raymond M. Chera, and Eli Gindi . Fulton Mall includes major retailers such as Macy's , H&M , Gap , GameStop , Foot Locker , Modell's Sporting Goods , and Finish Line . The Fulton Mall Improvement Association

3680-696: The IND Culver Line opened. The IND Sixth Avenue Line to West Fourth Street–Washington Square opened on April 9, 1936, and the Fulton Street Line to Rockaway Avenue opened the same day. Until 1969, a free transfer was available to/from the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line at Bridge–Jay Streets and also issued at stations from Sumner Avenue on south. When the Myrtle Avenue Line south of Myrtle Avenue closed,

3772-759: The IND Sixth Avenue Line, was approved in 1925, running from Midtown Manhattan underneath Sixth Avenue, Houston Street , Essex Street , and the Rutgers Street Tunnel to Downtown Brooklyn. By July 1927, the BOT had finalized its plans for new IND lines in Brooklyn. The Eighth Avenue Line was to continue into eastern Brooklyn as the Fulton Street Line , while the Sixth Avenue Line was to continue to South Brooklyn as

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3864-657: The IRT and BMT. On December 9, 1924, the New York City Board of Transportation (BOT) gave preliminary approval for the construction of the IND Eighth Avenue Line . This line consisted of a corridor connecting Inwood, Manhattan , to Downtown Brooklyn , running largely under Eighth Avenue but also paralleling Greenwich Avenue and Sixth Avenue in Lower Manhattan. An additional line,

3956-511: The Jay Street and Lawrence Street stations, was delayed indefinitely. The stations were separate from each other since the IND station's opening, despite their proximity. In March 2007, a contract was finally awarded for the renovation of the stations. The MTA constructed a 175-foot (53 m) transfer passageway as part of its 2005–2009 Capital Program. The $ 164.5 million project also brought

4048-587: The Jay Street–MetroTech station and four other subway stations in Brooklyn. The station consists of three underground levels. Just below ground is the IND mezzanine, then the IND platforms, followed by the BMT platform on the deepest level. The two stations connect to each other via a stair, two escalators, and an elevator at the west end of the BMT station. The BMT station also has its own mezzanine at its eastern end. The stations are located one block away from each other. The 2009 artwork in this station

4140-535: The Manhattan-bound platform and white concrete tile columns on the Brooklyn-bound one. The station's walls had blue tiles. Before renovation, the trim line on the platform walls was two-tone cobalt blue with "JAY" tiled in white lettering on a black background underneath. As part of the renovation, new tiling was placed on the trackside walls. After the renovation, the blue trim-line was widened and

4232-565: The Montague Tunnel and this station began on August 1, 1920, with the station being constructed alongside in-service trains. The line was called the Montague Street Tunnel Line. Construction resumed on May 18, 1922. The scope of work included excavation from the street to provide an entrance, the construction of an island platform between the two cast iron-lined tunnels covered by a steel and concrete roof, and

4324-554: The United States were named with variations of Martin Luther King Jr. , in the years after his 1968 assassination . Conversely, renaming can be a way to eliminate a name that proves too controversial. For example, Hamburg Avenue in Brooklyn, New York became Wilson Avenue after the United States entered World War I against Germany (see below). In Riverside , California, a short, one-way street named Wong Way

4416-488: The United States, most streets are named after numbers, landscapes, trees (a combination of trees and landscapes such as "Oakhill" is used often in residential areas), or the surname of an important individual (in some instances, it is just a commonly held surname such as Smith). Some streets, such as Elm Street in East Machias, Maine , have been renamed due to features changing. Elm Street's new name, Jacksonville Road,

4508-469: The building. The Offerman Building on Fulton Mall was built in 1893 by Henry Offerman , a businessman in the sugar industry. It was designed in the Romanesque Revival architectural style and originally hosted retail on the ground floor. The Offerman Building was designated a New York City Historic Landmark in 2005, and by 2017 had been converted into a 121-unit residential complex. Across

4600-714: The city plan for Washington, D.C. , north–south streets were numbered away from the United States Capitol in both directions, while east–west streets were lettered away from the Capitol in both directions and diagonal streets were named after various States of the Union. As the city grew, east–west streets past W Street were given two-syllable names in alphabetical order, then three-syllable names in alphabetical order, and finally names relating to flowers and shrubs in alphabetical order. Even in communities not laid out on

4692-610: The collection of the nearby New York Transit Museum , and in October 2015, the museum started hosting another exhibit, The Secret Life of 370 Jay Street , that chronicled the building's varying uses. Each of the three former companies that made up the current New York City Subway (the Independent Subway System, Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Company, and Interborough Rapid Transit Company ) had their own money train platforms. IND money trains made their deposits from

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4784-662: The construction of a passageway, mezzanine and entrances. On June 11, 1924, the Lawrence Street station opened with the Lawrence Street entrances; the Bridge Street entrances opened later. On March 29, 1993, Lawrence Street was renamed Lawrence Street–MetroTech to celebrate the revival of Downtown Brooklyn with the opening of the MetroTech complex. In response to increased ridership at the station from traffic MetroTech generated, new directional signs were installed,

4876-476: The construction of the station complex) is an express station on both the IND Fulton Street and Culver lines. It has four tracks with two island platforms . Fulton Street Line trains use the center "express" tracks, while Culver Line trains use the outer "local" tracks. Current service patterns route all IND Eighth Avenue Line trains to the Fulton Street Line and all IND Sixth Avenue Line trains to

4968-597: The construction of the station complex) on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line is a local station with two tracks and one narrow island platform. The station is between Court Street to the north and DeKalb Avenue to the south. Unlike in the IND station, there are no tiles on the track walls. A narrow mezzanine above the platform connects the station's two easternmost fare control areas. It still has its original directional signs labeled as "to Lawrence Street" and "to Bridge Street". The platform formerly had

5060-523: The contract was approved for the Montague Street Tunnel and the associated subway line, the planners realized there should have been a station at Lawrence Street. In 1916, local business owners proposed an additional station at Lawrence and Willoughby Streets. Supporters of the plan said the distance from the south end of the Court Street station to the north end of the DeKalb Avenue station

5152-401: The county adopted a uniform addressing and street-naming system, which the county did in 1932. In 1906, Cleveland, Ohio renamed streets to a numbered system. For an example Erie Street became East 9th Street, Bond Street became East 6th Street, and so forth. In Cleveland and its suburbs, all north–south streets are numbered from Cleveland's Public Square and east–west streets are numbered from

5244-472: The deadly Malbone Street Wreck ; Cadieux Street in Montreal renamed De Bullion because the original name became infamous by the former presence of many bordellos; and several streets in the German Village area of Columbus, Ohio which were renamed with more "American" sounding names around World War I due to popular anti-German sentiments. Similarly, Hamburg Avenue in Brooklyn was renamed Wilson Avenue during World War I. Street names also can change due to

5336-453: The direction in which the street in question runs. However, addresses in Manhattan have no obvious relationship to cross streets or avenues, although various tables and formulas are often found on maps and travel guides to assist in finding addresses. Examples of grid systems : In languages that have grammatical cases , the specific part of a road name is typically in the possessive or genitive case , meaning "the road of [Name]". Where

5428-466: The enacting of the Charter of the French Language continues to press English-majority communities to further gallicise ( francize ) their street names (for example, what was once "Lakeshore Road" was changed to " Chemin Lakeshore" in the 1970s, with the Office québécois de la langue française pressuring a further change to " Chemin du Bord-du-Lac ", completely calquing the English name into French). Sometimes, when communities are consolidated,

5520-411: The entire New York City Transit system, including the subway, in 2003. This meant that the money trains were no longer used, and in December 2006, the platforms were closed. The money trains were also retired, though for a different reason: they moved slowly, and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority was concerned that the money trains would delay train traffic. The money train later became part of

5612-420: The issue is more political can be "co-naming", when the old name is fully retained but the street is also given a second subsidiary name, which may be indicated by a smaller sign underneath the 'main' name. (See section below on " Multiple names for a single street ".) Jay Street%E2%80%93MetroTech station [REDACTED] The Jay Street–MetroTech station is a New York City Subway station complex on

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5704-431: The labor estimated to be required to allow the construction of the station to be completed along with the rest of the line was available. With this reduced labor force, work on this station could not be completed before July 1919, and work on the Court Street station could not be finished before April 1919, following the completion of the Montague Street Tunnel. It was decided to postpone work to complete this station, and use

5796-399: The labor force working on this station and concrete material intended to be used at the station to complete work on the Court Street station, accelerating the estimated completion of that station to January 1919, allowing service through the tunnel to operate in early 1919 as opposed to late 1919. Construction stopped on May 18, when about half the station was completed. Service running through

5888-488: The major street in the middle of a shopping area in the United States and the United Kingdom , respectively. The most common street name in the US is "2nd" or "Second". Streets are normally named, and properties on them numbered, by decision of the local authority , which may adopt a detailed policy. For instance the city of Leeds , UK, provides that: The etymology of a street name is sometimes very obvious, but at other times it might be obscure or even forgotten. In

5980-410: The new name, the overturning of a respected traditional name, or confusion from the altering of a familiar name useful in navigation. A proposal in 2005 to rename 16th Street, N.W. , in Washington, D.C., "Ronald Reagan Boulevard" exemplified all three. Issues of familiarity and confusion can be addressed by the street sign showing the current name and, in smaller writing, the old name. One compromise when

6072-429: The northernmost point in Cuyahoga County , which is in the City of Euclid . Bedford , Berea , and Chagrin Falls do not adhere to the grid rules of Cleveland. After World War I , Cleveland renamed a numbered street to Liberty Boulevard, to commemorate Cleveland area soldiers who had been killed in the Great War; in 1981, this street was renamed to Martin Luther King Jr. Drive. In the New York City borough of Queens ,

6164-412: The original Fulton Street survives as Old Fulton Street in Brooklyn Heights and Dumbo , and as Cadman Plaza West in Downtown Brooklyn. The segment of Fulton Street that traveled past Borough Hall has been turned into a pedestrian esplanade. The initial segment of Fulton Street as it exists today is the Fulton Mall between Adams Street and Flatbush Avenue . East of Flatbush Avenue, Fulton Street becomes

6256-504: The project consists of informational, directional and street signage. Pomeroy's renovation was completed in 1984 for $ 24 million and received an Albert S. Bard Award from the City Club of New York . Nonetheless, the mall initially failed to attract tenants. In 2024, the city began renovating Fulton Mall again for $ 8 million, adding benches and trees. Subway stations at Jay Street–MetroTech , DeKalb Avenue , Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets , Nevins Street , and Hoyt Street and bus lines service

6348-401: The renovation. Now, the mezzanine has a larger southern section connecting to the southern exits, the central exits, and the transfer to the BMT platform; as well as a smaller northern section connecting to the northern exits only. The two parts of the mezzanine are cut off by a large white wall. The Jay Street–MetroTech station (formerly Lawrence Street–MetroTech station before

6440-544: The road between Oxford and Banbury changes name five times from the Banbury Road to the Oxford Road and back again as it passes through villages. Some streets are named after the areas that the street connects. For example, Clarcona Ocoee Road links the communities of Clarcona and Ocoee in Orlando, Florida , and Jindivick–Neerim South Road links the towns of Jindivick and Neerim South in Victoria , Australia. Some roads are named after their general direction, such as " Great North Road ". Bypasses are often named after

6532-439: The southbound IND Culver line track, and the still-visible door on the wall is where they connected to the vaults above before armored trucks replaced them. For the BMT, there was a second platform just west of the station, after a diamond crossover between the two tracks; this was the deepest of the three money train platforms. A third platform is also in the IRT Eastern Parkway Line tunnel that passes through this area for

6624-461: The southbound platform's were 3 inches (7.6 cm). In 1957, the city conducted another experiment, this time placing an automatic token dispenser in the station. In September 1987, the station was the site of yet another experiment; the station's turnstiles were converted to allow new fare payment, consisting of "laminated polyester fare cards." (This would later become the MetroCard, which

6716-491: The southeast corner of Willoughby and Bridge Streets, the corner where the building is located. The MTA was hopeful that this instance would encourage developers to build other entrances to other subway stations, since AVA DoBro's developer paid for the entrance in its entirety. New York City councilmember Lincoln Restler founded a volunteer group, the Friends of MTA Station Group, in early 2023 to advocate for improvements to

6808-645: The specific is an adjective (as in "High Street"), however, it is inflected to match the generic. Street names are usually renamed after political revolutions and regime changes for ideological reasons. In postsocialist Romania, after 1989, the percentage of street renaming ranged from 6% in Bucharest , and 8% in Sibiu , to 26% in Timișoara . Street names can be changed relatively easily by municipal authorities for various reasons. Sometimes streets are renamed to reflect

6900-592: The stations into compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and cosmetically improved the upper mezzanine. With the opening of the transfer on December 10, 2010, the complex was given its present name. The transfer was projected to benefit an estimated 35,000 daily passengers. In 2016, a new entrance to the BMT portion of the station was built as part of the AVA DoBro residential high-rise building. This entrance replaces an earlier entrance at

6992-456: The stonecutters used to have their shops; and Cannery Row in Monterey, California. Some streets are named for landmarks that were in the street, or nearby, when it was built. Such names are often retained after the landmark disappears. Barcelona's La Rambla is officially a series of streets. The Rambla de Canaletes is named after a fountain that still stands, but the Rambla dels Estudis

7084-523: The street is another designated city landmark, the A. I. Namm & Son Department Store . Street name A street name is an identifying name given to a street or road . In toponymic terminology, names of streets and roads are referred to as odonyms or hodonyms (from Ancient Greek ὁδός hodós 'road', and ὄνυμα ónuma 'name', i.e., the Doric and Aeolic form of ὄνομα ónoma 'name'). The street name usually forms part of

7176-402: The street. The center of the mall is an open public space known as Albee Square . Fulton Street's first period of great vigor occurred before the era of enclosed shopping malls, the era when huge department stores like Abraham & Straus , Frederick Loeser & Co. and A. I. Namm & Son reigned on the street. The current era dates from the 1970s, when through the persistent efforts of

7268-635: The streets are renamed according to a uniform system. For example, when Georgetown became part of Washington, D.C., the streets in Georgetown were renamed as an extension of Washington's street-naming convention. Also, when leaders of Arlington County, Virginia, asked the United States Post Office Department to place the entire county in the "Arlington, Virginia" postal area, the Post Office refused to do so until

7360-487: The street’s merchants, the city agreed to a revitalization program through which it would narrow the roadway, widen the sidewalk, and create, with the exception of buses, a traffic-free shopping area. Architect Lee Harris Pomeroy redesigned the mall in the early 1980s: he designed street furniture and equipment for the project including large, free-standing canopies, vendors’ kiosks, directory and telephone kiosks, and high mast lighting. The graphics program he also designed for

7452-524: The town they route traffic around, for example the Newbury bypass . Some streets are named after famous or distinguished individuals, sometimes people directly associated with the street, usually after their deaths. Bucharest's Şoseaua Kiseleff was named after the Russian reformer Pavel Kiselyov who had the road built while Russian troops were occupying the city in the 1830s; its Strada Dr. Iuliu Barasch

7544-689: The transfer was issued to the B54 bus, which ran along the former route. Today, the MetroCard provides free transfer between bus and subway throughout the system. In 1955, the city decided to experiment with placing raised safety disks on the edges of the platforms, in order to increase passenger safety. Compared to the painted orange-and-yellow stripes on the platforms, the disks, which were painted yellow and spaced one foot apart from each other, were expected to last about five times as long. The northbound platform's disks were 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter, and

7636-446: The two eastern corners of the aforementioned intersection. The stairs serve the BMT platform directly. There is an additional full-height turnstile entrance at the east end. It formerly contained a booth and has two street stairs to Bridge and Willoughby Streets, high turnstiles, and two platform stairs. This fare control area was the first in the system to have its service gate converted to an emergency exit. An exit-only escalator on

7728-541: The two stations and made the complex fully compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 . Both stations also contain "money train" platforms, which were formerly used to deliver MTA token revenue to neighboring 370 Jay Street . The Dual Contracts were formalized in March 1913, specifying new lines or expansions to be built by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and

7820-679: Was 3,200 feet (980 m) apart, much longer than comparable stations on the IRT and BRT in Lower Manhattan and Downtown Brooklyn. The original contract was modified in July 1917, and a provision for the station was added. On May 16, 1918, the New York Public Service Commission approved a report by the Chief Engineer requesting that work on the construction of the station stop due to a wartime shortage of materials and men due to World War I . Only one-ninth of

7912-546: Was a reversion to Catalan names from decades earlier, before the beginning of the Franco dictatorship in 1939. In a similar way, English street names were changed to French in Quebec during the 1970s, after French was declared the sole language for outdoor signage. This was met with hurt and anger by many of the province's Anglophones , who wished to retain their traditional placenames. The government body responsible for overseeing

8004-566: Was built by the Independent Subway System (IND) in 1933, while the Lawrence Street–MetroTech station was built by the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) in 1924. Despite being one block away from each other, the two stations were not connected for 77 years. As part of a station renovation completed in 2010, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) built a passageway to connect

8096-480: Was chosen because it leads to the village of Jacksonville. Its former name was chosen because of elm trees; it was renamed when all of the trees along the street succumbed to Dutch elm disease . The Shambles , derived from the Anglo-Saxon term fleshammels ("meat shelves" in butchers' stalls), is a historical street name which still exists in various cities and towns around England . The best-known example

8188-504: Was not widely released until 1993.) The station's token booths were shuttered in May 2005, after fare tokens were replaced with MetroCards ; station agents were deployed elsewhere in the station to answer passengers' queries. This was part of a pilot program that was tested at seven other stations. In October 2019, the MTA unveiled an accessible station lab at Jay Street–MetroTech station, which

8280-403: Was originally Abraham & Straus 's flagship store. The building was designed in Art Deco style by Starrett & Van Vleck and built in 1933. It was formerly the showroom for the W.C. Vosburgh Mfg. Co. As of 2017, the building is undergoing a $ 194 million renovation by Tishman Speyer . Its new portion will have 10 floors dedicated to Class A office space. Macy's is also renovating its part of

8372-771: Was renamed to a more respectful Wong Street, as well as spelled out in Chinese characters to honor the historical Chinatown that once occupied the area. In a case of a street named after a living person becoming controversial, Lech Wałęsa Street in San Francisco was renamed to Dr. Tom Waddell Place in 2014 after Wałęsa made a public remark against gay people holding major public office. There are public benefits to having easily understood systems of orderly street names, such as in sequences: A 1950 American Planning Association report supports use of these systems. Groups of streets in one area are sometimes named using

8464-477: Was to run until the end of the year. The lab includes over a dozen features including Braille signs, tactile pads, wayfinding apps, diagrams of accessible routes, and floor stickers to guide passengers to the correct routes. In 1981, the MTA had listed the IND portion of the station among the 69 most deteriorated stations in the subway system. However, in 2005, planned renovation of twelve subway stations, including

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