Misplaced Pages

#735264

72-406: All U.S. funeral providers must comply with The Funeral Rule. The Funeral Rule defines such terms as, among others, funeral provider, funeral goods and funeral services and specifies various consumer rights, as well as specific parameters in which funeral industry goods and service providers must respect consumer rights and conduct their business. The Funeral Rule defines and provides parameters in

144-448: A Pre-Need Funeral Plan , also known as a Funeral Plan . The Funeral Rule prohibits specific misrepresentations in six areas. 1. Embalming- The Funeral Rule prohibits funeral homes from telling consumers that state or local law requires embalming unless that is true. If state law requires embalming, the funeral home may tell the family that embalming is required to the specific circumstances. Funeral homes must disclose in writing on

216-522: A grave liner or a burial vault will satisfy these requirements”. If a separate Outer Burial Container Price List is used, the GPL must state the range of prices for the outer burial containers sold by the funeral home, along with the following disclosure: “A complete price list will be provided at the funeral home”. 4. Legal and Cemetery Requirements- The Funeral Rule states that funeral homes cannot tell consumers that any federal, state, or local law or

288-542: A "sleepy corner of journalism", publications in the Internet age have invested more resources in preparing advance obituaries for rapid publication online, in order to meet widespread public interest; obituaries can attract millions of readers online within days of their subjects' deaths. The New York Times maintains a "deep reservoir" of advance obituaries, estimated to stand at roughly 1,850 as of 2021 . The paper often interviews notables specifically for their obituaries,

360-424: A basic service fee. Consumers who select to work with a particular funeral home cannot decline to pay this fee, which includes fees for services common to all funerals, such as: - Planning and arranging the actual funeral, such as determining the viewing or visitation dates and times - Securing the applicable permits and copies of the death certificate - Preparation of obituary notices . If an extra service charge

432-399: A formal viewing or visitation. 2. Casket for Direct Cremation -The Funeral Rule prohibits funeral homes from telling consumers that state or local law requires the purchase of a casket for direct cremation, or for any other reason. If direct cremation is offered, The Funeral Rule dictates that an alternative container be available and that consumers be informed that such alternative container

504-458: A funeral home to conduct the viewing or visitation or funeral, however, there are many details and legal requirements, so it is a commonly accepted practice to use one. Funeral transfer service providers remedy the need for a funeral home while at the same time removing the obstacles that inhibit a lay person from performing the basic requirements of transportation, storage and documents preparation. The Funeral Rule allows for funeral homes to charge

576-928: A general rule, when lives are long enough, accomplished enough and complex enough that we would just as soon not get caught short writing them on deadline, advances are assigned". Consequently, many public figures who die unexpectedly or prematurely will have no obituary available at a given publication, and journalists will be left to research and write lengthy articles on short notice. However, Farhi noted that advance obituaries of younger people will occasionally be prepared if they are known to have health problems or "chaotic lives"; The Washington Post had an advance obituary for singer Amy Winehouse , whose struggles with substance abuse were widely chronicled before her death at age 27. In another case, Nigel Farndale , an obituaries editor for The Times , said that in April 2020, when news broke that then-British Prime Minister Boris Johnson

648-570: A legal requirement. The role of a funeral director in Canada can include embalming, sales, oversight of funeral services as well as other aspects of needed funeral services. A funeral director in Canada will assume many responsibilities after proper education and licensing. Courses will include science and biology, ethics, and practical techniques of embalming. There are a number of organizations available to Canadian funeral directors. Obituary notice An obituary ( obit for short)

720-412: A mark-up, which is allowable under The Funeral Rule. According to The Funeral Rule, funeral homes that charge a mark-up must disclose this in writing to their customers, but the amount or percentage of the mark-up need not be disclosed. The Funeral Rule also establishes that funeral homes must disclose whether any refunds, rebates or discounts apply to any cash advance item. The Funeral Rule directs that

792-467: A non-metal enclosure that is cremated with the body must be made available. These are generally made of press board, cardboard or canvas. - It may not be stated that state or local laws require the purchase of a casket for direct cremation - Written disclosure must be provided to the customer's on their right to buy an unfinished wood box or alternative container for direct cremation - An unfinished wood box or alternative container must be made available If

SECTION 10

#1732765791736

864-431: A paper and omits most biographical details and may be a legally required public notice under some circumstances. The other type, a paid memorial advertisement , is usually written by family members or friends, perhaps with assistance from a funeral home . Both types of paid advertisements are usually run as classified advertisements. The word also applies to the entire program and the part of that program describing

936-567: A particular cemetery or crematory requires them to buy a particular good or service, if that is not true. If a consumer is told that a particular good or service must be purchased because of any legal, cemetery or crematory requirement, the applicable requirement must be identified and described on the Statement of Funeral Goods and Services Selected . 5. Preservative and Protective Value Claims -The Funeral Rule prohibits any representations to consumers that funeral goods or services will delay

1008-410: A practical necessity and therefore, a required purchase Caskets are typically metal, wood, fiberglass, fiberboard or plastic. The Funeral Rule states that customers must be provided a written description of each casket offered and the associated Casket Price List before viewing of any physical caskets. The Funeral Rule also mandates that a funeral home must accept any third-party purchased casket for

1080-513: A practice begun by Alden Whitman in 1966. As of 2021 , The Washington Post has about 900 advance obituaries on file, and entertainment publication The Hollywood Reporter has prepared 800 advances for notable figures in the film and television industry. An advance obituary is usually not written until the subject has reached old age, as the earlier a profile is written, the more additions and revisions it will likely require. Former New York Times obituary writer Margalit Fox wrote that "as

1152-489: A pre-need contract purchased before 1984 is modified after 1984, the modification triggers all of The Funeral Rule's requirements. Since the actual pre-need contract purchased is not subject to The Funeral Rule, the Federal Trade Commission advocates that consumers who purchase a pre-need contract consider the following: - Understand if funeral goods or services, or both, have been purchased. - Where are

1224-660: A premature death notice or obituary as a malicious hoax, perhaps to gain revenge on the "deceased". To that end, nearly all newspapers now have policies requiring that death notices come from a reliable source (such as a funeral home ), though even this has not stopped some pranksters such as Alan Abel . Many news organizations maintain prewritten (or preedited video) obituaries on file for notable individuals who are still living, in order to promptly publish detailed, authoritative, and lengthy obituaries upon their deaths. These are also known as "advance" obituaries. The Los Angeles Times ' obituary of Elizabeth Taylor , for example,

1296-476: A preparation room for embalming, a chapel , and a casket selection room. They usually have a hearse for transportation of bodies, a flower car , and limousines . They also normally sell caskets and urns . Licensing requirements in the US are determined at the state level. Most require a combination of post-secondary education (typically an associate's degree ), passage of a National Board Examination, passage of

1368-448: A state board examination, and one to two years' work as an apprentice . A funeral director in the UK will usually take on most of the administrative duties and arrangement of the funeral service, including flower arrangements, meeting with family members, and overseeing the funeral and burial service. Embalming or cremation of the body requires further training. In the UK no formal licence

1440-409: A term that was then perceived to have been tarnished by its association with death. The term mortician was the winning entry. People's need to respect the dead and their survivors is as ancient as civilization itself, and death care is among the world's oldest professions. Ancient Egypt is a probable pioneer in supporting full-time morticians; intentional mummification began around 2600 BC, with

1512-415: A third-party - Types of grave markers or monuments allowed by the cemetery - Whether flowers or other remembrances may be placed on the grave - Burial plot price - Outer burial container requirements - Charges for opening the grave - Charges for closing the grave - Perpetual charges for maintenance and grounds keeping, which are sometimes included, but not always - If perpetual charges are not included, clarify

SECTION 20

#1732765791736

1584-559: A viewing or visitation is planned, however, there is no federal or state law that dictates that embalming is required and a funeral home is prohibited from stating that any such law exists. The Funeral Rule established the following embalming guidelines: - Embalming cannot be done without specific permission from the customer - Funeral homes may not claim that embalming is a legal requirement, except in certain special circumstances, and provide written disclosure of such - Customers may not be charged for embalming without their permission unless it

1656-427: A viewing or visitation is requested prior to cremation , many funeral homes have caskets for rent in lieu of purchasing a casket. Outer burial containers are not required by law but are required by many cemeteries. The outer burial container surrounds the casket in the grave to protect it from sinking into the ground. There are two types of outer burial containers, a grave liner and a burial vault . A grave liner

1728-434: A viewing or visitation of the deceased, usually held in the funeral home, a formal funeral service, transportation of the deceased to the cemetery ( hearse ), the burial , entombment or cremation in addition to the funeral director's basic service fee. Extra costs not included in the aforementioned arrangements include embalming and the dressing of the body, the funeral home 's basic service fee, funeral home rental for

1800-456: Is a register or list of records of the deaths of people related to a particular organization, group or field, which may only contain the sparsest details, or small obituaries. Historical necrologies can be important sources of information. Two types of paid advertisements are related to obituaries. One, known as a death notice , usually appears in the Births, Marriages and Deaths (BMD) section of

1872-570: Is an article about a recently deceased person. Newspapers often publish obituaries as news articles . Although obituaries tend to focus on positive aspects of the subject's life, this is not always the case. According to Nigel Farndale , the Obituaries Editor of The Times , obituaries ought to be "balanced accounts" written in a "deadpan" style, and should not read like a hagiography . In local newspapers, an obituary may be published for any local resident upon death. A necrology

1944-478: Is applied, this must be disclosed in writing - Sheltering of the remains - Coordinating arrangements with the cemetery, crematory or other third-party - The basic service fee does not include optional services or goods The Funeral Rule defines optional goods or services as everything outside of what is specifically delineated as being included in the basic service fee, including cash advance items. Some examples of optional goods or services include: - Transportation of

2016-421: Is available. This must be disclosed in writing on the GPL with the following language: “If you want to arrange a direct cremation, you can use an alternative container. Alternative containers encase the body and can be made of materials like fiberboard or composition materials (with or without an outside covering). The containers we provide are (specify containers)”. The disclosure should be placed directly next to

2088-404: Is generally made from reinforced concrete that satisfies any cemetery requirement and covers the top and sides of the casket. A burial vault is more substantial and expensive and surrounds the entire casket in concrete or other material. The Funeral Rule dictates that the customer must be given a written description and Outer Burial Container Price List prior to viewing any physical items and that

2160-409: Is not necessary or required. A memorial may be held with or without the remains. The remains may be kept in the home, buried, placed in a crypt or niche or scattered in a favorite spot. Costs associated with direct cremation include the funeral director's basic service fee , transportation and care of the body, a crematory fee may be included if the funeral home provides crematory services,

2232-508: Is not necessary or required. A memorial service is generally held at the burial site, or at a later date. Costs associated with this choice include the funeral director's basic service fee, transportation and care of the body, the casket or burial container and the cemetery plot or crypt. If the family selects a burial site service, extra charges will be added. The Funeral Rule described direct cremation as cremation that occurs shortly after death with no viewing or visitation and embalming

Funeral Rule - Misplaced Pages Continue

2304-409: Is purchased by a national funeral home chain or is merged into another funeral home. - The specific cancellation or revision policy, including the refund policy. - Transferability of the pre-need contract to another funeral home and the associated expenses. - Up-front and on-going administrative or other fees paid to the funeral home. A Pre-Need Funeral Contract is not, and should not be confused with

2376-602: Is required to become an undertaker (funeral director). There are national trade organizations such as the British Institute of Funeral Directors (BIFD), the National Association of Funeral Directors (NAFD) and the Society of Allied and Independent Funeral Directors (SAIF). The BIFD offers a licence to funeral directors who have obtained a diploma-level qualification; these diplomas are offered by both

2448-528: The funeral home , often resulting in embarrassment for everyone involved. In November 2020, Radio France Internationale accidentally published about 100 prewritten obituaries for celebrities such as Queen Elizabeth II and Clint Eastwood . The premature publication was blamed on a transition to a new content management system . Irish author Brendan Behan said, "there is no such thing as bad publicity except your own obituary." In this regard, some people seek to have an unsuspecting newspaper editor publish

2520-529: The BIFD and NAFD. The British Institute of Embalmers (BIE) offers embalming training and qualifications. All of the national organizations offer voluntary membership of "best practice" standards schemes, which includes regular premises inspection and adherence to a specific code of conduct . These organizations help funeral directors demonstrate that they are committed to continuing professional development , and they have no issue with regulation should it become

2592-426: The GPL or on a separate Outer Burial Container Price List. If included on the GPL, the following disclosure must be included and placed directly next to the outer burial container prices: “In most areas of the country, state or local law does not require that you buy a container to surround the casket in the grave. However, many cemeteries require that you have such a container so that the grave will not sink in. Either

2664-588: The GPL that embalming is not required by law except in special circumstances and must include the following disclosure language: “Except in certain special cases, embalming is not required by law. Embalming may be necessary, however, if you select certain funeral arrangements, such as a funeral with a viewing. If you do not want embalming, you usually have the right to choose an arrangement that does not require you to pay for it, such as direct cremation or immediate burial.” If state or local law does not require embalming under any circumstances, The Funeral Rule allows for

2736-429: The U.S., all veterans are entitled to a free burial in a national cemetery and a grave marker. This benefit is also extended to some civilians who provided military related services and some Public Health service providers. Additionally, this benefit includes the veteran's spouse and dependent children who also may receive a free burial in a national cemetery and a grave marker. Cemeteries are prohibited from charging

2808-533: The US were owned by one of three corporations. The majority of morticians work in small, independent family-run funeral homes. The owner usually hires two or three other morticians to help them. Often, this hired help is in the family, perpetuating the family's ownership. Other firms that were family-owned have been acquired and are operated by large corporations such as Service Corporation International , though such homes usually trade under their pre-acquisition names. Most funeral homes have one or more viewing rooms,

2880-476: The basis service fee and what is being itemized as optional and charged for separately. The itemized statement must include the charges for cash advance goods and services. If the funeral home is unsure of the exact amount of cash advance items, a written “good faith estimate” must be provided in writing. The itemized statement must also disclose any legal, crematory or cemetery requirements on any goods or service purchased. Many funeral homes require embalming if

2952-416: The best-preserved mummies dating to around 1570 to 1075 BC. Specialized priests spent 70 full days on a single corpse. Only royalty, nobility and wealthy commoners could afford the service, considered by some to be essential for accessing eternal life; the poorer performed very basic intentional mummification or simply buried the body in a dry spot hoping it would naturally mummify. In every case, an intact body

Funeral Rule - Misplaced Pages Continue

3024-430: The claims made in the warranty are made by the manufacturer and not by the funeral home. Funeral services A funeral director , also known as an undertaker or mortician ( American English ), is a professional who has licenses in funeral arranging and embalming (or preparation of the deceased) involved in the business of funeral rites. These tasks often entail the embalming and burial or cremation of

3096-473: The corpse for the purpose of enhancing its appearance) with the proper licenses. A funeral director may work at a funeral home or be an independent employee. The term mortician is derived from the Latin word mort- ('death') with the ending -ician . In 1895, the trade magazine The Embalmers' Monthly put out a call for a new name for the profession in the US to distance itself from the title undertaker ,

3168-421: The cost of an urn or other container and the cemetery plot or crypt if the remains are buried or entombed. If the funeral home does not provide crematory services, a third-party crematory service fee will also be added on. The Funeral Rule establishes that all funeral homes that offer cremation must offer consumers containers other than caskets . U.S. persons, under The Funeral Rule, are not required to use

3240-465: The dead for the benefit of the living arose in the European Age of Enlightenment . Dutch scientist Frederik Ruysch 's work attracted the attention of royalty and legitimized postmortem anatomy . Most importantly, Ruysch developed injected substances and waxes that could penetrate the smallest vessels of the body and seal them against decay. Historically, from ancient Egypt to Greece and Rome to

3312-417: The dead, as well as the arrangements for the funeral ceremony (although not the directing and conducting of the funeral itself unless clergy are not present). Funeral directors may at times be asked to perform tasks such as dressing (in garments usually suitable for daily wear), casketing (placing the corpse in the coffin), and cossetting (applying any sort of cosmetic or substance to the best viewable areas of

3384-791: The deceased pre-need contract holder inquire about funeral goods or services, alter the pre-need funeral arrangements or are required to pay additional sums of money, all relevant price lists and disclosures must be provided in writing, either printed or typewritten, by the funeral home in a format for them to keep. The survivors must also be provided, in writing, an itemized statement and final cost. Individuals or organizations selling pre-need contracts on behalf of, or acting as an agent of, one or more funeral homes, but who themselves do not sell funeral goods or services, must comply with The Funeral Rule. The Funeral Rule does not apply to pre-need funeral arrangements or pre-need contracts purchased before The Funeral Rule went into effect in 1984. However, if

3456-518: The early United States, women typically did all of the preparation of dead bodies. They were called "layers out of the dead". In the mid-19th century, gender roles within funeral service in the United States began to change. In the late 19th century, the industry became male dominated with the development of funeral directors, which changed the funeral industry both locally and nationally. In 2003, 15 percent of corporately owned funeral homes in

3528-508: The family for opening or closing fees, charging for an outer burial container or the grave marker setting in a national cemetery, however, families are responsible for the remaining expenses. Many states have established state veteran cemeteries, but this varies state by state and the specific state should be contacted for more information. The Funeral Rule advises that consumers should be cautious when considering commercial cemeteries offering “veterans specials”. The Funeral Rule advises that

3600-433: The following key subject areas: - The GPL must contain a written acknowledgement that consumers have the right to choose the funeral goods and services desired, with some exceptions The Funeral Rule defines clearly several funeral types to minimize the chance of miscommunication or misunderstanding between the funeral service provider and customer. The Funeral Rule describes a traditional, full-service funeral as including

3672-439: The funeral and may not charge any fees for acceptance. Some caskets include features such as “gasketed”, “protective” or includes a “sealer”. These terms generally mean the casket has a rubber gasket or other feature designed to delay water seepage and prevent rust. According to The Funeral Rule, these features may delay the decomposition of the remains, but they will not prevent it forever. Some caskets come with warranties, but

SECTION 50

#1732765791736

3744-403: The funeral home cannot claim either in writing or verbally that any process or product will preserve the remains indefinitely. When selecting a cemetery site, The Funeral Rule advises consumers to considering the following: - Location of the cemetery and burial plot - Religious requirements or affiliations - Restrictions or charges associated with the outer burial container if purchased from

3816-411: The funeral home must provide the customer with a written itemized statement, including the total cost. However, The Funeral Rule does not establish format guidelines for the itemized statement and it may be included on any document given to the customer at the end of the discussion about funeral arrangements. The Funeral Rule stresses the importance of understanding what goods and services are included in

3888-455: The funeral home purchases from a third-party vendor on behalf of their customer. Some examples of cash advance items include: - Flowers - obituary notice - Pallbearers - Officiating clergy - Organist or soloist The Funeral Rule stresses the importance of the consumer to clarify with the funeral home whether there is a premium charged for cash advance items. Some funeral homes pass through the exact expense to their customers, while others apply

3960-445: The life of the deceased. It is given to those who attend their service. The verso page heading may be Obituary or Reflections , the recto heading is usually Order of Service . A premature obituary is a false reporting of the death of a person who is still alive. It may occur due to unexpected survival of someone who was close to death. Other reasons for such publication might be miscommunication between newspapers, family members, and

4032-399: The natural decomposition of human remains for a long term or an indefinite time. The Funeral Rule prohibits representation that funeral goods such as caskets or outer burial containers have protective features or will protect the body from gravesite substances because that is not true. All warranty information must be provided to the family and it must be clarified by the funeral home that

4104-430: The phrase “except in certain special cases” to be omitted. This disclosure should be placed directly next to the price for embalming. If a family member wants to briefly view the deceased by lifting the lid of the casket prior to an immediate burial, The Funeral Rule prohibits the funeral home from charging the family for preparation of the body if embalming is declined. The request to see the deceased does not constitute

4176-409: The pre-paid funds held? Rules governing the custody of pre-paid funds vary state by state. - Pre-paid funeral arrangements are not covered by federal law and state law varies state by state. - Who benefits from the interest income if the pre-paid funds earn interest? - What protections are in place for the consumer in the event that the funeral home holding the pre-need contract goes out of business or

4248-433: The presence of the funeral procession by wailing loudly. Other paid actors would don the masks of ancestors and recreate their personalities, dramatizing the exploits of their departed scion. These purely ceremonial undertakers of the day nonetheless had great religious and societal impact; a larger number of actors indicated greater power and wealth for the deceased and their family. Modern ideas about proper preservation of

4320-452: The price range for direct cremation. If direct cremation is not offered, that disclosure may be omitted. 3. Outer Burial Container -The Funeral Rule prohibits funeral homes from telling consumers that state or local law requires them to buy an outer burial container unless that not true. Consumers must also be told that state law does not require them to purchase an outer burial container. Prices for outer burial containers may be included on

4392-414: The remains - embalming or other preparation - Use of the funeral home and staff for viewing or visitation - The funeral or memorial ceremony - Use of the hearse for transportation to the cemetery - Limousine for family or pallbearers - casket or urn - Outer burial container, if required by the cemetery Alternate burial container - cremation or inurnment A cash advance is used for any goods or services that

SECTION 60

#1732765791736

4464-495: The savings offered are usually recaptured through charging inflated fees for an adjoining spouse plot and/or high opening and closing fees. With the exception of a cemetery plot if you are certain of where you want to be buried or entombed, the Federal Trade Commission does not advocate purchasing pre-need contracts . The Funeral Rule states that all guidelines and rules set forth must be complied with at

4536-452: The separate endowment care fee for maintenance and grounds keeping - If cremated remains are housed at a cemetery, clarify mausoleum or columbarium fees - Opening mausoleum or columbarium fees - Closing mausoleum or columbarium fees - Perpetual endowment charges for maintenance or other services of the mausoleum or columbarium The Funeral Rule does not apply to cemeteries and mausoleums unless they offer both funeral goods and services. In

4608-411: The time pre-need funeral arrangements are discussed, at the time of contract purchase and at the time of the actual funeral . The Funeral Rule does not cover the language and parameters of the actual pre-need contract, nor does The Funeral Rule set forth guidelines on things such as payment options, costs or ability to modify, transfer or cancel the contract, or administrative fees. If the survivors of

4680-411: The viewing or service, use of vehicles (limousine) to transport the family or pallbearers, the casket or urn , the cemetery plot or crypt , flowers, obituary notice , and others. The Funeral Rule describes immediate burial as a burial that occurs shortly after death with no viewing or visitation and is usually in a simple container or casket. There is generally no viewing or visitation, so embalming

4752-454: The warranty is for the durability of the casket, not for protection from eventual decomposition of the remains. Under The Funeral Rule, no person selling any casket may claim that caskets with these features will prevent decomposition of the remains forever, because that is not possible. According to The Funeral Rule, funeral homes and any crematory must comply with the following: - An inexpensive, unfinished wood or alternative container, with

4824-467: The years than any piece we've ever run". Work on it began in 1959, and it went through many subsequent iterations. Well into the 21st century, the visual layout for the obituary was substantially modified to match changes in the paper's page size, and a presentation for its digital edition cycled through different slideshow and video formats to match advances in Internet download speeds. The newspaper began drafting an obituary for Queen Elizabeth II when she

4896-546: Was considered paramount to access the afterlife. Across successive cultures, religion remained a prime motive for securing a body against decay and/or arranging burial in a planned manner; some considered the fate of departed souls to be fixed and unchangeable (e.g. ancient Mesopotamia) and considered care for a grave to be more important than the actual burial. In ancient Rome , wealthy individuals trusted family to care for their corpse, but funeral rites would feature professional mourners: most often actresses who would announce

4968-515: Was in an intensive care unit with COVID-19 during the pandemic , he was under considerable pressure to quickly prepare an obituary that could be immediately published if Johnson died from the disease. Still, for particularly major figures, advance obituaries may be drafted early in their lives and revised constantly throughout the following years or decades. Bill McDonald , obituaries editor of The New York Times , estimated in 2016 that Fidel Castro 's obituary "cost us more man/woman hours over

5040-406: Was required by state law in certain special circumstances - The customer must receive written disclosure stating that individuals usually have the right to choose a disposition that does not require embalming, such as direct cremation or immediate burial , which do not require embalming - Written disclosure must be made if a funeral arrangement, such a viewing or visitation, may require embalming as

5112-507: Was still heir apparent , and it was rewritten in its entirety multiple times until her death in 2022. Obituaries are a notable feature of The Economist , which publishes one full-page obituary per week, reflecting on the subject's life and influence on world history. Past subjects have ranged from Ray Charles to Uday Hussein to George Floyd . The Times and the Daily Telegraph publish anthologies of obituaries under

5184-513: Was written in 1999 after three months of research, then often updated before the actress' 2011 death. Quite often the prewritten obituary's subject outlives its author. One example is The New York Times ' obituary of Taylor, written by the newspaper's theater critic Mel Gussow , who died in 2005. The 2023 obituary of Henry Kissinger featured reporting by Michael T. Kaufman , who died almost 14 years earlier in 2010. Writing in 2021, Paul Farhi of The Washington Post observed that while once

#735264