200:
40-559: 3,000: Upper Rhine France Southern Italy North Germany and Scandinavia Pyrenees Americas Naval battles The Battle of Halmstad , also known as the Battle at Fyllebro , was fought on August 17, 1676, at Fyllebro, approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) southeast of the town of Halmstad in the province of Halland in southwest Sweden. It was the last battle in Halland between Denmark and Sweden. King Christian V and
80-458: A Norwegian army and was threatening to besiege the city. On August 10, King Charles XI of Sweden received information that Duncan was moving towards Halmstad. On August 11, he and his field army headed west to intercept Duncan. On August 12, Duncan laid siege to Halmstad. King Christian soon informed him of the Swedish troop movements and ordered Duncan to retreat to the town of Laholm . Before
120-517: A Danish Versailles . He was the first to use the 1671 Throne Chair of Denmark , partly made for this purpose. His motto was: Pietate et Justitia (With piety and justice). Prince Christian was born on 15 April 1646 at Duborg Castle in the city of Flensburg , then located in the Duchy of Schleswig . He was the first legitimate child born to the then Prince Frederick of Denmark by his consort, Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Calenberg . Prince Frederick
160-630: A hard blow to the Danish plans to advance north and join forces with the Norwegian army. The day after the battle the Danish King Christian V broke camp and left Kristianstad and started marching towards Halmstad. On September 5 he reached Halmstad and laid siege to the town with no result. Three weeks later he returned to Scania to prepare winter quarters. The Battle of Fyllebro was also 20-year-old Charles XI's first major victory. It
200-569: A traitor, and to the clamour of his adversaries, Griffenfeld was imprisoned for the remainder of his life. After the Scanian War, his sister, Princess Ulrike Eleonora of Denmark , married Swedish king Charles XI , whose mother was a stout supporter of the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp . In spite of the family ties, war between the brothers-in-law was close again in 1689, when Charles XI nearly provoked confrontation with Denmark-Norway by his support of
240-552: Is located along the West Coast Line and at the beginning of the Halmstad-Nässjö railway line . Regional trains are operated under the brands Øresundståg to Gothenburg and Copenhagen , Pågatågen to Helsingborg and Krösatågen to Nässjö and Jönköping . State operator SJ operates high-speed trains to Gothenburg, Malmö and Stockholm , with private operator MTRX operating additional trains to Stockholm in
280-746: The Danish Code ( Danske Lov ) in 1683, the first law code for all of Denmark. He also introduced the similar Norske Lov (Norwegian Code) of 1687 to replace Christian IVs Norwegian Code from 1604 in Norway. He also introduced the land register of 1688, which attempted to work out the land value of the united monarchy in order to create a more just taxation . During the reign of Christian V, Denmark's trade in cattle that had declined due to catastrophic fires and wars had been restored, and livestock and crop exports had also surpassed Frederick III , with thousands of cattle entering and leaving Jutland through
320-572: The Oxen Way . After entering and fattening in the Danish King's German enclave County of Oldenburg , the cattle reached the big market in Wedel . From there, cattle are resold to all parts of North Germany via Stade , Hamburg and Lübeck . As the population continues to soar at the end of the seventeenth century, demand for beef, grains and fish is increasing, both throughout North Germany and on
360-671: The Scanian War , Danish hopes for border changes on the Scandinavian Peninsula between the two countries were dashed. The results of the war efforts proved politically and financially unremunerative for Denmark-Norway. The damage to the Danish-Norwegian economy was extensive. At this point, Christian V no longer had his most experienced foreign relations counsel around to repair the political damage — in 1676 he had been persuaded to sacrifice Griffenfeld as
400-422: The Scanian War . The war exhausted Denmark's economic resources without securing any gains. Part of Christian's appeal to the common people may be explained by the fact that he allowed Danish and Norwegian commoners into state service, but his attempts to curtail the influence of the nobility also meant continuing his father's drive toward absolutism . To accommodate non-aristocrats into state service, he created
440-564: The Swedish west coast. Halmstad is the seat of Halmstad Municipality and the capital of Halland County . The city had a population of 71,422 in 2020, out of a municipal total of over 100,000. Halmstad is Sweden's 19th-largest city by population and located about midway between Gothenburg (the second most populous) and Malmö (the third). Halmstad, at the time part of the Kingdom of Denmark , received its first city charter in 1307, and
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#1732776609972480-582: The Baltic coast alone. In terms of the number of livestock shipped to the South, in 1680 each market had reached 40,000 cattle. Traditional export commodities, including fish and grains, have increased their exports since the beginning of the seventeenth century. The agricultural products exported by Denmark, especially cattle, have made a lot of money from Germany and the Netherlands for the Danish royal family,
520-629: The Danes got to Laholm, the Swedes had destroyed the bridge over the River Lagan which meant that it would become difficult for the Danes to retreat further south. Now, the Danes rested overnight and set out for the Fyllebro bridge. At an earlier stage, Duncan had destroyed the bridge to prevent the Swedes from crossing. Now, Duncan ordered his men to repair the bridge. Early in the morning of August 17,
560-538: The Danish army that landed at Råå near Helsingborg in Scania in late June 1676 managed to conquer almost the whole province in less than a month. The Swedish army had to retreat north to Växjö . In early August, Major General Jakob Duncan , a native Scot, was sent north, to Halland, with about 4,000 Danish troops to take the key-town of Halmstad and if possible advance further north to join forces with General Ulrik Frederick Gyldenløve , who had reached Gothenburg with
600-508: The River Fylleån , General Rutger von Ascheberg and 600 Swedes moved forward against the Danes.The Swedish vanguard under Ascheberg's command had already encountered a small Danish unit that was heading north. After a short chase, Ascheberg found himself face-to-face with Duncan and his forces. The bridge was too small and narrow to let Duncan's men retreat en masse . Unaware of the danger he let his troops assume battle formations on
640-557: The Swedish army instead. The Danish sources report large numbers of wounded being carted to the army hospital in Helsingborg and causing chaos in the small town - exactly how many wounded were taken there is not certain. The Swedes only lost 185 men of whom 3 officers and 38 common soldiers were dead, according to the Swedish sources. This corresponds quite well with the Danish sources that state that 150 Swedes were taken prisoner and brought to Helsingborg. The defeat at Halmstad dealt
680-411: The Swedish army seized the road between Halmstad and Laholm , cutting off Duncan's way south. Duncan mistakenly thought that he was dealing with small scouting parties because there were no infantry troops to be seen. He had sent out scouts who not only made contact with the Swedish cavalry but joined their rear without being recognised, but they had not spotted the infantry. When Duncan's troops crossed
720-472: The age of 60 at the Copenhagen Castle after a reign of 22 years. At the death of his father, Frederick immediately ascended the thrones of Denmark and Norway as the second absolute monarch at the age of just 24. He was formally crowned on 7 June the following year in the chapel of Frederiksborg Palace , which thereafter became the traditional place of coronation of Denmark's monarchs during
760-522: The aristocrats and the town residents. During his reign, science witnessed a golden age due to the work of the astronomer Ole Rømer in spite of the king's personal lack of scientific knowledge and interest. He died from the after-effects of a hunting accident and was interred in Roskilde Cathedral . Christian V had eight children by his wife and six by his Maîtresse-en-titre , Sophie Amalie Moth (1654–1719), whom he took up with when she
800-555: The bridge. But the Swedish cavalry on the right-wing found a ford and started moving fresh cavalry squadrons across the creek. Understanding that the battle was lost, Duncan surrendered. The action probably lasted for little more than an hour, although some Swedish sources claimed it only lasted a quarter of an hour.<Essen, p. 119.> What can definitely be established is that it was a brief and intense battle. The Danish losses were heavy: 1,000 had died and 2,000 were taken prisoner. Out of these latter, 469 men accepted enrolment in
840-417: The city celebrated its 700th anniversary in 2007. The oldest remains of that first town are to be found at "Övraby" upstream on Nissan, just south of and quite close to the present day regiment buildings. The remains of the church can still be seen today between a defunct brick industry and a former landfill. In the 1320s the town moved to the present day town centre. At this time there were two monasteries in
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#1732776609972880-441: The city's fortifications would be demolished. Some residues of fortifications have been preserved, including one of the four city gates, Norre Port . For a period, the old fortifications were used for tobacco cultivation. The city's first major industry, Wallbergs Factory AB was built in 1823. The brewery Appeltofftska (now Krönleins ) was founded in 1836 and brewery Östra Bryggeriet in 1846. AB Malcus Holmquist, also called Malcus,
920-403: The days of the absolute monarchy. He was the first hereditary king of Denmark-Norway, and in honor of this, Denmark-Norway acquired costly new crown jewels and a magnificent new ceremonial sword. It is generally argued that Christian V's personal courage and affability made him popular among the common people, but his image was marred by his unsuccessful attempt to regain Scania for Denmark in
960-557: The destruction of Halmstad by fire. Halland became part of Sweden for a period of thirty years when peace was declared at the Treaty of Brömsebro in 1645 and Danish rule ended. The Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 made this acquisition permanent. Sweden defeated Denmark in the Battle of Fyllebro which took place in 1676 just outside Halmstad. In 1678, a parliamentary meeting ( Riksdag ) was held in Halmstad. The Riksdag decided in 1734 that
1000-479: The era. After some hesitation, Christian V initiated the Scanian War (1675–1679) against Sweden in an attempt to reconquer Scania which Denmark had lost under the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658. As Griffenfeld predicted, Sweden's stronger ally France was the party that dictated the peace with Denmark's ally the Netherlands , and in spite of Danish victory at sea in the battles against Sweden in 1675–1679 during
1040-688: The exiled Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp in his claims to Holstein-Gottorp in Schleswig-Holstein. Like Charles XI of Sweden, who had never been outside Sweden, Christian V spoke only German and Danish and was therefore often considered poorly educated due to his inability to communicate with visiting foreign diplomats. Christian V was also often considered dependent on his councillors by contemporary sources. The Danish monarch did nothing to dispel this notion. In his memoirs, he listed "hunting, love-making, war and maritime affairs" as his main interests in life. Christian V introduced
1080-403: The fortification of Halmstad and in the beginning of the 17th century to build a crescent-shaped fort with Nissan as part of the defences. 1619 is an important date in the history of Halmstad. In March of that year, King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden and Christian IV met at the castle. Over a period of a week they celebrated the payment in full of the Älvsborg ransom . August of the same year saw
1120-518: The hills to attack the Danish left wing. Soon the Swedes also charged on the left wing and in the centre. After 15 minutes, the Danish left wing was scattered. In the centre, the Danish infantry put up a determined fight, with a powerful counter-attack from a cavalry unit that tried to break through the Swedish lines, but only one squadron made it through. At this point, Duncan had realized his mistake and ordered his remaining troops to retreat back across
1160-422: The new noble ranks of count and baron . One of the commoners elevated in this way by the king was Peder Schumacher , named Count of Griffenfeld by Christian V in 1670 and high councillor of Denmark in 1674. Griffenfeld , a skilled statesman, better understood the precarious situation Denmark-Norway placed itself by attacking Sweden at a time when the country was allied with France, the major European power of
1200-651: The south Scandinavian climate of a relatively rainy environment with warm summers and winters around the freezing point. The local climate is defined as an oceanic climate ( Cfb ) with some continental influence. Founded in 1983, Halmstad University is a public higher education institution offering bachelor's and master's programs in various fields of study. In addition, it conducts Ph.D. programs in three fields of research: Information Technology, Innovation Science and Health Science. Halmstad University has more than 9 000 students, including 245 exchange students (2013) and 163 international programme students (2013). Halmstad
1240-424: The south bank with their backs against the stream. Duncan sent his infantry and dragoons forward, under artillery cover against the Swedish infantry that was just arriving. Now, the Swedish army moved swiftly forward. 7,000 Swedes against 3,500-4,000 Danes. At noon of August 17, Duncan was trapped. The battle started with a salvo from the few Swedish cannons, whereupon Charles XI and his Household cavalry charged down
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1280-676: The summer. Halmstad is the starting point for national roads 25 and 26, and is situated along the E6 / E20 motorways. In September 2007 the city hosted the Solheim Cup , which was played at the Halmstad Golfklubb . In 2011 Halmstad was the final port of the Tall Ships' Races . Halmstad also hosted the 2018 World Team Table Tennis Championships . Christian V of Denmark Christian V (15 April 1646 – 25 August 1699)
1320-574: The town and during the 15th century the St. Nikolai church was built. Halland was the object of numerous battles, sieges and occupations by Swedish troops. During the Kalmar Union , a Nordic Union between Sweden, Norway and Denmark which lasted between 1397 and 1523, it was in Halmstad that the Union King was to be finally selected. At the end of the 16th century Christian IV of Denmark ordered
1360-634: Was King of Denmark and Norway from 1670 until his death in 1699. Well-regarded by the common people , he was the first king anointed at Frederiksborg Castle chapel as absolute monarch since the decree that institutionalized the supremacy of the king in Denmark-Norway . Christian fortified the absolutist system against the aristocracy by accelerating his father's practice of allowing both Holstein nobles and Danish and Norwegian commoners into state service. As king, he wanted to show his power as absolute monarch through architecture, and dreamed of
1400-451: Was a younger son of King Christian IV , but the death of his elder brother Christian, Prince-Elect of Denmark in June 1647 opened the possibility for Frederick to be elected heir apparent to the Danish throne. After the death of King Christian IV in 1648, Frederick thus became King of Denmark and Norway as Frederick III. Prince Christian was elected successor to his father in June 1650. This
1440-975: Was allowed to attend proceedings of the State College. Hereditary succession was made official by Royal Law in 1665. Christian was hailed as heir in Copenhagen in August 1665, in Odense and Viborg in September, and in Christiania, Norway in July 1666. Only a short time before he became king, he was taken into the Council of the Realm and the Supreme Court. On 9 February 1670, King Frederick III died at
1480-513: Was an important morale boost for him, his generals, and the whole Swedish army. The army was still much too weak to confront the Danes in Scania and marched north to Varberg to await more troops. Halmstad Halmstad ( Swedish: [ˈhǎlmsta(d)] ) is a port, university, industrial and recreational city at the mouth of the Nissan river, in the province of Halland on
1520-554: Was continually industrialized at the end of the 19th century. The city grew from 12,000 to 15,000 inhabitants during the 1890s. Every year, 1,000 people moved to Halmstad and 800—900 moved away. Halmstad's first union was formed in 1885 by tailor workers. The first May Day demonstration in Sweden was held in Halmstad in 1897. After expanding in 1967, Halmstad become central town in 1971 in Halmstad's municipality. The population grew from 48,800 in 1990 to 58,577 in 2010. Halmstad has
1560-446: Was formed in 1902. Nordiskafilt AB started in 1904 and Halmstads Järnverk in 1916. Lundgren's foundry started in 1917 and Waco in 1918. A large rebuilding of Halmstad's port was conducted in 1837–1840. The Halländska steamship company was formed in Halmstad in 1850 and started traffic between Gothenburg and Copenhagen , which was soon expanded with several connections. The first railway line, Halmstad—Värnamo, opened in 1877. Halmstad
1600-503: Was not a free choice, but de facto automatic hereditary succession. Escorted by his chamberlain Christoffer Parsberg, Christian went on a long trip abroad, to Holland , England , France , and home through Germany . On this trip, he saw absolutism in its most splendid achievement at the young Louis XIV 's court, and heard about the theory of the divine right of kings . He returned to Denmark in August 1663. From 1664 he
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