76-458: G-sharp , G ♯ or G# may refer to: G-sharp minor , a musical key G-sharp major , a musical key G♯ (musical note) Granville Sharp , an eighteenth-century abolitionist G-sharp guitar , designed by Øivin Fjeld Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
152-502: A Black Man, and fifty-five Years old. John Sharp was born at Bradford , the eldest son of Thomas Sharp, a salter, and Dorothy Weddal. His father was a puritan who enjoyed the favour of Thomas Fairfax and inculcated in him Calvinist, Low Church, doctrines, while his mother, being a strong royalist, instructed him in the liturgy of the Book of Common Prayer. He was educated at Bradford Grammar School and Christ's College, Cambridge . Sharp
228-645: A family orchestra, giving concerts at William's house in Mincing Lane and later in the family sailing barge, Apollo , which was moored at the Bishop of London's steps in Fulham , near William's country home, Fulham House . The fortnightly water-borne concerts took place from 1775–1783, the year his brother James died. Sharp had an excellent bass voice, described by George III as "the best in Britain", and he played
304-471: A four-month stay. The Sharps paid for his treatment and, when he was fit enough, found him employment as an errand runner with a Quaker apothecary friend of theirs. In 1767, Lisle saw Strong in the street and planned to sell him to a Jamaica planter named James Kerr for £30. Two slave catchers captured Strong with the intention to ship him to the Caribbean where he would work on Kerr's plantation. Strong
380-619: A name That will be Cherished with Affection and Gratitude as long as any homage shall be paid to those principles of JUSTICE HUMANITY and RELIGION which for nearly half a Century He promoted by his Exertions and adorned by his Example " A reredos erected a generation later in All Saints' Church, Fulham, reads: "This reredos was erected in 1845 to the honor of God and in memory of William Sharp of Fulham House, Surgeon to King George III, Catherine his wife, daughter of Thomas Barwick, Granville Sharp, his brother..." Sharp's portrait
456-459: A perfect opportunity to create a new model society from scratch. He drew up plans and regulations, and persuaded the Treasury to finance the ships and pay £12 a head to each embarking settler. He named the new, egalitarian, peaceful Christian society-to-be " The Province of Freedom ". The utopian ideal quickly went sour in the face of tremendous logistical difficulties; fire broke out even before
532-520: A physician in Philadelphia who would later become one of the founding fathers, to contact Sharp as well. This led to a connection by letter between the two that lasted 36 years. In the first letter, written May 1, 1773, Rush attests to the increasing compassion within the colonies towards the suffering of the slaves. He makes mention of the clergy publicly arguing that slavery is a violation of both "the laws of nature" and Christian belief. This detail
608-528: A position as Clerk in the Ordnance Office at the Tower of London . This civil service position allowed him plenty of free time to pursue his scholarly and intellectual pursuits. Sharp had a keen musical interest. Four of his siblings – William , later to become surgeon to George III , James, Elizabeth and Judith – had also come to London, and they met every day. They all played musical instruments as
684-664: A prosecution for murder never got off the ground. Sharp was not completely alone at the beginning of the struggle: the Quakers, especially in America, were committed abolitionists. Sharp had a long and fruitful correspondence with Anthony Benezet , a Quaker abolitionist in Pennsylvania . However, the Quakers were a marginal group in England, and were debarred from standing for Parliament, and they had no doubt as to who should be
760-627: A settlement in Africa where they could return "home". Henry Smeathman , a plant collector and entomologist who had visited Sierra Leone, propounded to the Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor that the country would be an excellent location. Worried black people came to see Sharp, concerned that they might be re-enslaved in such a place. Sharp took to the idea with alacrity: he saw it as
836-518: A thorough investigation of the affairs of his see, and regulated the disordered chapter of Southwell . He was whole-hearted in his renunciation of loyalty to James II, and a sceptic about the Divine Right of Kings . In 1701 his friend Lord Nottingham admitted to having the gravest doubts about swearing the Oath of Abjuration . Sharp replied cheerfully that in his view "Princes hold their Crowns by
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#1732780262305912-516: A writ of habeas corpus , which had been granted, with Somerset having to appear at a hearing on 24 January 1772. Members of the public responded to Somerset's plight by sending money to pay for his lawyers (who in the event all gave their services pro bono publico ), while Stewart's costs were met by the West Indian planters and merchants. Having studied English law for several years by this point, Sharp called on his now-formidable knowledge of
988-585: Is Dr. Sharp, he was a Rector of St Giles in the Fields , in the Reign of King James ; when, preaching warmly against Popery, he was silenced, and the Bishop of London ( Dr. Compton ) suspended from his office, for not turning him out. He was made by King William Archbishop of York; and this Queen hath made him her Lord Almoner. He is one of the greatest Ornaments of the Church of England, of great Piety and Learning;
1064-576: Is a useful source for her reign, and contradicts the Memoirs of Sarah Churchill on a number of crucial points. Unlike Sarah, he maintains that the Queen was devastated by her husband's death ("we both wept"), and that her increasingly close friendship with Abigail Masham was not a secret ("talked with the Queen of Mrs. Masham, I find she has a true kindness for her"). Sarah Churchill, who prided herself on never dissembling her opinions, and eventually lost
1140-624: Is noteworthy because Sharp was of the belief that laws should follow both "the laws of nature" and that which is given in Judeo-Christian scripture. Another letter, written February 21, 1774, has Sharp providing Rush with several pamphlets, written by himself and his brothers William and James, to be shared with friends and eventually to Lord Dartmouth. Many similar exchanges of pamphlets occur throughout their correspondence, which allowed them to inspire one another and refine their arguments against slavery. The final letter of their correspondence
1216-614: Is often too broadly applied. "Sharp’s rule Number 1" does not always work with plural forms of personal titles. Instead, a phrase that follows the form article-noun-"and"-noun, when the nouns involved are plurals, can involve two entirely distinct groups, two overlapping groups, two groups of which is one a subset of the other, or two identical groups. In other words, the rule is of very specific and limited application. Of Granville Sharp's most successful critic, Calvin Winstanley, Wallace says: What Wallace neglects by use of ellipses (...)
1292-532: Is the flow of Winstanley's argument as well as the character of his theology. Winstanley's quote argued that one could not apply Sharp's rule to the possible exceptions unless it could be shown that extra-biblical literature also followed Sharp's rule. Through multiple examples Winstanley showed that in classical Greek and in patristic Greek – all the literature surrounding the New Testament, the rule simply did not apply consistently. Wallace's quote comes from
1368-692: The Prussian court on the possibility of the Anglican liturgy as a means of reconciliation between Lutherans and Calvinists . On the much-debated question of whether the Queen favoured the Old Pretender or the House of Hanover , Sharp, although he died before the matter became critical, was certain that she favoured the Hanoverian succession. He died at Bath on 2 February 1714. At his request,
1444-612: The abdication of James II . On 7 September 1689 he was named dean of Canterbury succeeding John Tillotson . The same year he was appointed a commissioner for the reform of the liturgy and the ecclesiastical courts. Sharp was seen by some as the ' lowest ' of the High Church party and therefore the most fitting candidate to appease the concerns of the Dissenters . The historian Lord Macaulay later described him as ‘the highest churchman that had been zealous for comprehension and
1520-556: The transatlantic slave trade , and the triangular trade based on slavery was important to the British economy . In 1769 Sharp published A Representation of the Injustice and Dangerous Tendency of Tolerating Slavery ... , the first tract in England attacking slavery. Within it, he argues that "the laws of nature" grant equality to all humans regardless of any artificial laws imposed by society. He also condemns slave contracts because
1596-880: The Abolition of the Slave Trade . The continuing campaigns of Sharp, Clarkson and William Wilberforce led to the abolition of slave trade through the Slave Trade Act 1807 . Sharp died in 1813, two decades before the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 , which abolished slavery in most of the British Empire . In addition to his abolitionist cause, Sharp also championed the creation of a free colony in Sierra Leone , which encouraged black people in Britain to settle in west Africa. His efforts led to
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#17327802623051672-649: The British during revolution in return for freedom. Sharp was instrumental in helping Peters to establish Freetown , Sierra Leone. Sharp is considered to be one of the founders of Sierra Leone alongside Thomas Peters and the Clarkson brothers ( Thomas Clarkson and John Clarkson ). Sharp ardently sympathized with the revolt of the American colonists . He believed in peace in America, but he also believed they were entitled to "Equitable Representation", an idea repeated in
1748-596: The Colony of Virginia. He was then taken to England with his master Charles Stewart in 1769, where he was able to run away in October 1771. After evading slave hunters employed by Stewart for 56 days, Somerset had been caught and put in the slave ship Ann and Mary, to be taken to Jamaica and sold. This was the perfect case for Sharp because, unlike the previous cases, this was a question of lawful slavery rather than of ownership. Three Londoners had applied to Lord Mansfield for
1824-594: The Doctrine of Christ's Deity," by Clifford Kuehne. This series appeared in several issues of the Journal of Theology of the Church of the Lutheran Confession, and it is available for reading at the following web site: http://jot.clclutheran.org/christs-deity/ This series also discusses the application of Colwell's Rule to John 1:1. Daniel B. Wallace says about Sharp: But Wallace claims that this rule
1900-406: The Fields (1675), and in 1681 Dean of Norwich . In 1685 Sharp drew up for the grand jury of London their address of congratulation on the accession of James II and on 20 April 1686 he became chaplain in ordinary to the king. However, provoked by the subversion of his parishioners' faith by Roman Catholics Sharp preached two sermons at St. Giles's on 2 and 9 May, which were held to reflect on
1976-572: The Negro" and he was approached by two more slaves, although in both cases ( Hylas v Newton and R v Stapylton ) the results were unsatisfactory, and it became plain that the judiciary – and Lord Mansfield , the Chief Justice of the King's Bench (the leading judge of the day) in particular – was trying very hard not to decide the issue. By this time, Great Britain controlled the largest share in
2052-636: The Queen promoted William Dawes to fill the vacant see. Sharp is buried in York Minister with a monument sculpted by Francis Bird . His works (chiefly sermons) were published in 7 volumes in 1754, and in 5 volumes at Oxford in 1829. Sharp was married, by John Tillotson , at Clerkenwell in 1676 to Elizabeth Palmer of Winthorpe , Lincolnshire . Of his fourteen children, only four survived him. Of these, John Sharp (1678–1727) of Grafton Park represented Ripon in Parliament from 1701 to 1714; he
2128-414: The Queen's friendship as a result, said that Sharp quickly came to know and comply with the Queen's wishes on all subjects. However, the Queen never appointed a bishop without consulting Sharp and always tried to obtain his consent to her choice. By contrast, when Archbishop Tenison, who was out of favour, protested that he had not been consulted about the appointment of Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 3rd Baronet as
2204-506: The abolition struggle, and although a driving force in its early days, his place had later been taken by others such as Thomas Clarkson , William Wilberforce and the Clapham Sect . Sharp, however, did not see the final abolition as he died on 6 July 1813. Although no reliable figures exist, it is thought that in the early 1780s there were around 15,000 black people in Britain, most of them without employment. Ideas were formulated for
2280-629: The bishops but also those Yorkshire MPs who were known to him personally. It is a sign of her special trust in Sharp that she confided to him her plans, which proved to be unsuccessful, to change the Ministry in late 1707. He was a Commissioner for the Union with Scotland in 1705–7, as was his fellow Archbishop, Tenison. He welcomed the Armenian bishops who came to England in 1713, and corresponded with
2356-431: The chairman of the new society they were founding, The Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade . On 22 May 1787, at the inaugural meeting of the committee – nine Quakers and three Anglicans (who strengthened the committee's likelihood of influencing Parliament) – Sharp's position was unanimously agreed. In the 20 years of the society's existence, during which Sharp was ever-present at committee meetings, such
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2432-426: The church because Sharp had been involved with the British and Foreign Bible Society , which was Nonconformist . Sharp is best known for his untiring efforts for the abolition of slavery , although he was involved in many other causes, fired by a dislike of any social or legal injustice. Sharp's brother William held a regular surgery for the local poor at his surgery at Mincing Lane, and one day in 1765 when Sharp
2508-473: The clarinet, oboe, flageolet, kettle drums, harp and a double-flute which he had made himself. He often signed his name in notes to friends as G♯ . Sharp died at Fulham House on 6 July 1813, and a memorial of him was erected in Westminster Abbey . He lived in Fulham , London, and was buried in the churchyard of All Saints', Fulham . The vicar would not allow a funeral sermon to be preached in
2584-461: The crew of the over-capacity slaver ship Zong massacred an estimated 132 slaves by tossing them overboard; an additional ten slaves threw themselves overboard in defiance or despair and over sixty people had perished through neglect, injuries, disease and overcrowding. The Zong' s crew had mis-navigated her course and overestimated water supplies; according to the maritime law notion of general average , cargo purposely jettisoned at sea to save
2660-407: The end of 1788 Sharp had poured £1,735 18s 8d of his own money into the settlement. In 1789 Granville Town was burned to the ground by a local Temne chief; this may have been in retaliation for the burning of a Temne by a slave-trader. Through The Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade, in 1790 Granville came into contact with Thomas Peters , a former American slave who fought with
2736-588: The end of Winstanley's argument in which he clearly is not conceding the point. To complete Winstanley's argument: Winstanley was Trinitarian , but cautioned that a rule that held true only in the New Testament in all but the disputed cases was too flimsy a ground on which to try to prove the divinity of Christ to the Socinians (Unitarians). Instead he said, "[I think] there are much more cogent arguments in reserve, when [Sharp's] rule of interpretation shall be abandoned." His biggest criticisms of Sharp's rule rest in
2812-472: The fact that 1) the early church fathers do not follow it and 2) the early church fathers never invoked this rule to prove the divinity of Christ (though it would have been an obvious tool against such heresy). He concludes, "Hence it may be presumed that the doctrine then rested on other grounds." However, just because Wallace exaggerates Winstanley's concession does not mean that he has no evidence to refute Winstanley. Wallace argues that, for various reasons,
2888-581: The famous phrase " No taxation without representation ". When he realised his job in the Ordnance Office meant sending equipment to British forces fighting the colonists, he took leave of absence. As the war continued, he wrote to his employers "I cannot return to my ordnance duty whilst a bloody war is carried on, unjustly, against my fellow-subjects." Eventually in 1776 he resigned, never to have paid employment again and supported willingly by his brothers, who were happy to see him dedicate his time to his various causes. Sharp also advocated parliamentary reform and
2964-484: The first of six principles that Sharp articulated involving the Greek article): This rule, if true, has a profound bearing on Unitarian doctrine, which led to a ‘celebrated controversy’, in which many leading divines took part, including Christopher Wordsworth . For a full discussion of Sharp's Rule and its application to passages in the New Testament which teach the deity of Christ, see the series "The Greek Article and
3040-592: The founding of the Province of Freedom and later Freetown . He was also an advocate for the American colonists , parliamentary reform and the legislative independence of Ireland . An accomplished classicist and biblical scholar, Sharp was also one of the founders of the British and Foreign Bible Society . Granville Sharp was the son of Judith Wheler (d. 1757) and Thomas Sharp (1693–1759), Archdeacon of Northumberland , prolific theological writer and biographer of his father, John Sharp , Archbishop of York . Judith
3116-594: The imprisoned 'Bloody' Jeffreys in the Tower of London and attempted to bring him to penitence and consolation for his crimes. Soon after the Revolution Sharp preached before the Prince of Orange (soon to be King William III ) and three days later before the Convention Parliament. On each occasion, he included prayers for King James on the ground that the lords had not yet concurred in
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3192-408: The individual. Lisle disappeared from the records early, but Kerr persisted with his suit through eight legal terms before it was dismissed, and Kerr was ordered to pay substantial damages for wasting the court's time. Jonathan Strong was free, even if the law had not been changed, but he only lived for five years as a free man, dying at 25. The Strong case made a name for Sharp as the "protector of
3268-612: The insurers disputed it. In this first case the court found for the owners. The insurers appealed. Sharp was visited on 19 March 1783 by Olaudah Equiano , a famous freed slave and later to be the author of a successful autobiography, who told him of the horrific events aboard the Zong . Sharp immediately became involved in the court case, facing his old adversary over slave trade matters, the Solicitor General for England and Wales , John Lee . Lee notoriously declared that "the case
3344-464: The king. Henry Compton , bishop of London , was ordered to suspend him Sharp from his position at St Giles. Compton refused, but in an interview at Doctors' Commons on the 18th instant privately advised Sharp to ‘forbear the pulpit’ for the present. On 1 July, by the advice of Judge Jeffreys , he left London for Norwich ; but when he returned to London in December his petition, revised by Jeffreys,
3420-468: The law regarding individual liberty and briefed Somerset's lawyers. Mansfield's deliberate procrastination stretched Somerset's Case over six hearings from January to May, and he finally delivered his judgment on 22 June 1772. It was a clear victory for Somerset, Sharp and the lawyers who acted for Somerset. Mansfield acknowledged that English law did not allow slavery, and only a new Act of Parliament (" positive law ") could bring it into legality. However,
3496-399: The law. Sharp consulted lawyers and found that as the law stood it favoured the master's rights to his slaves as property: that a slave remained in law the chattel of his master even on English soil. Sharp said "he could not believe the law of England was really so injurious to natural rights ." He spent the next two years in study of English law, especially where it applied to the liberty of
3572-563: The legal justifications for slavery, and in 1769 he published the first tract in England that explicitly attacked the concept of slavery. Granville Sharp's efforts culminated in 1772 when he was instrumental in securing Lord Mansfield 's ruling in Somerset v Stewart , which held that slavery had no basis in English law. In 1787, Sharp and Thomas Clarkson founded the Society for Effecting
3648-657: The legislative independence of Ireland , and agitated against the impressment of sailors for the Navy . It was through his efforts that bishops for the United States of America were consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1787. He also argued for the reform of Parliament based on Magna Carta and to back this up he devised the doctrine of accumulative authority. This doctrine stated that because almost innumerable parliaments had approved Magna Carta it would take
3724-431: The liberty of a man cannot be matched in value by anything. Sharp's work attracted the attention of James Oglethorpe , who had long been concerned with slavery as a moral issue. The two men remained close until Oglethorpe's death in 1785. (Also called Somersett's case .) On 13 January 1772, Sharp was visited and asked for help by James Somerset, an indigenous person of Africa who had been brought to America to be sold in
3800-599: The lowest that felt a scruple about succeeding a deprived prelate'. The mooted Comprehension Bill was intended to admit within the pale of the Church a large number of the Nonconformists was, eventually, allowed to drop. Under William III and Mary II he succeeded Tillotson as Dean of Canterbury in 1689, and (after declining a choice of sees vacated by non-jurors who were his personal friends) followed Thomas Lamplugh as Archbishop of York in 1691. He made
3876-447: The new Bishop of Winchester in 1707, the Queen cut him short with the cold remark that "the matter was decided", and she continued to ignore Tenison's wishes on episcopal appointments. The Queen relied on Sharp to support her policies in the House of Lords , although she made it clear that he could vote against her wishes if his conscience so demanded it; he was also expected to act as one of her Parliamentary "managers", lobbying not only
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#17327802623053952-415: The only two passages from Granville's eight that truly follow Sharp's rule (for textual reasons, among others) are Titus 2:13 and 2 Peter 1:1. Wallace interacts in depth with Winstanley's critiques of Sharp and shows from grammatical, textual, linguistic, and Patristic evidence that Sharp's rule is truly valid across Classical, Biblical, Papyrological, and Patristic Greek – with some slight modification to
4028-430: The onset of the five-month rainy season, and a settlement of sorts was built, named Granville Town. The commander of the naval escort that had brought the settlers concluded that they were unfit for the complex challenge of founding a new settlement in a potentially hostile environment. One of the settlers whom Granville had rescued from a slave ship left the settlement to work in the slave trade, much to Sharp's despair. By
4104-468: The remainder was eligible for insurance compensation. It was reasoned that as the slaves were cargo, the ship's owners would be entitled to the £30 a head compensation for their loss if thrown overboard: were the slaves to die on land or at sea of so-called "natural" causes, no compensation would be forthcoming. The ship's owners, a syndicate of merchants based in Liverpool , filed their insurance claim;
4180-453: The rules. Here is how Wallace restates the issue: "In native Greek constructions (i.e., not translation Greek), when a single article modifies two substantives connected by καί (thus, article-substantive-καί-substantive), when both substantives are (1) singular (both grammatically and semantically), (2) personal, (3) and common nouns (not proper names or ordinals), they have the same referent." After his death on 6 July 1813, Granville Sharp
4256-645: The same legal right as your Lordship holds his estates, and that they may forfeit their rights as well as you". He preached at the coronation of Queen Anne and became her Lord High Almoner and confidential adviser in matters of church and state, completely eclipsing Thomas Tenison , the Archbishop of Canterbury , whose low church views made him uncongenial to the Queen. Anne, as he records, said: "that I would be her confessor, and she would be mine". His diary makes it clear that she often confided State business to him, and listened carefully to any arguments he made, even if she did not always follow his advice. His diary
4332-714: The same number of Parliaments to repeal it. Like many others, Sharp accepted the supremacy of Parliament as an institution, but did not believe that this power was without restraint, and thought that Parliament could not repeal Magna Carta. Sharp was also one of the founders and the first President of the British and Foreign Bible Society and of the Society for the Conversion of the Jews. One of Granville's letters written in 1778 (published in 1798), propounded what has come to be known as The Granville Sharp Rule (in actuality only
4408-608: The ships had left London. Sharp's friend, Olaudah Equiano , highlighted corruption in the process of stocking the ships, and was dismissed as a result; 411 people sailed for Africa, including some 60 white women without Sharp's knowledge, married to the male settlers. It is unclear how many were previously betrothed and how many married in preparation for the journey; traditionally these women have been characterized as prostitutes from Deptford. However, historians have since dismissed that description as false. The settlers arrived in May 1787, at
4484-493: The suggestion of Thomas Beech, the Coroner of London, threatened to charge Laird with assault should he attempt to take Strong by force. Laird let go of Strong and everyone who had been summoned departed without further dispute. Afterwards, David Laird instituted a court action against Sharp claiming £200 damages for taking their property, and Lisle challenged Sharp to a duel—Sharp told Lisle that he could expect satisfaction from
4560-498: The title G-sharp . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G-sharp&oldid=862181486 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Granville Sharp Granville Sharp (10 November 1735 – 6 July 1813)
4636-435: The verdict in the case is often misunderstood to mean the end of slavery in England. It was no such thing: it dealt only with the question of the forcible sending of someone overseas into bondage; a slave becomes free the moment they set foot on English territory. It was one of the most significant achievements in the campaign to abolish slavery throughout the world, more for its effect than for its actual legal weight. In 1781
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#17327802623054712-511: Was Jewish, and so Sharp learned Hebrew in order to be able to discuss theological matters with his colleague. Sharp also conducted genealogical research for one of his masters, Henry Willoughby , who had a claim to the barony of Willoughby de Parham , and it was through Sharp's work that Willoughby was able to take his place in the House of Lords. Sharp's apprenticeship ended in 1757, and both his parents died soon after. That same year he accepted
4788-527: Was Sharp's modesty that he would never take the chair, always contriving to arrive just after the meeting had started to avoid any chance of having to take the meeting. While the committee felt it sensible to concentrate on the slave trade, Sharp felt strongly that the target should be slavery itself. On this he was out-voted, but he worked tirelessly for the Society nevertheless. The correspondence between Granville Sharp and Anthony Benezet inspired Benjamin Rush ,
4864-545: Was a British scholar, devout Christian, philanthropist and one of the first campaigners for the abolition of the slave trade in Britain. Born in Durham , he initially worked as a civil servant in the Board of Ordnance . His involvement in abolitionism began in 1767 when he defended a severely injured slave from Barbados in a legal case against his master. Increasingly devoted to the cause, he continually sought test cases against
4940-530: Was a commissioner of trade from 15 September 1713 to September 1714, and died on 9 March 1726–7; in Wicken church, Northamptonshire , there is a monument to him and his wife Anna Maria, daughter of Charles Hosier of Wicken Park. Thomas (1693–1758), the youngest son, was a churchman and the biographer of his father. The English surgeon William Sharp and his brother the abolitionist Granville Sharp were sons of Thomas. Sir Joshua Sharp, Sheriff of London in 1713,
5016-549: Was able to get word to Sharp, who went directly to the Lord Mayor who in turn convened those laying claim to Strong. In court, Macbean, Kerr's attorney, produced the bill of sales from when Lisle sold Strong to Kerr. That was not enough to convince the Lord Mayor because Strong was imprisoned without clear cause, and so he liberated Strong. Afterwards, a West India Captain named David Laird grabbed Jonathan Strong's arm and claimed he would take him as James Kerr's property. Sharp, at
5092-519: Was buried at All Saints' Church, Fulham , beside his brother William Sharp and sister Elizabeth Prouse. The inscription on his tomb states: "Here by the Remains of the Brother and Sister whom he tenderly loved lie those of GRANVILLE SHARP Esqr. at the age of 79 this venerable Philanthropist terminated his Career of almost unparalleled activity and usefulness July 6th 1813 Leaving behind him
5168-442: Was educated at Durham School but mainly at home. He was apprenticed to a London linen-draper at the age of fifteen. Sharp loved to argue and debate, and his keen intellect found little outlet in the mundane work in which he was involved. However, one of his fellow-apprentices was Socinian (a Unitarian sect that denied the divinity of Christ), and in order better to argue, Sharp taught himself Greek . Another fellow apprentice
5244-515: Was made many times, both during his life and afterwards. The National Portrait Gallery, London holds seven portraits, including the large oil of The Sharp Family by Johann Zoffany and six pencil drawings, etchings and engravings. An oil portrait of Sharp by Mather Brown is in a private collection. As well as Granville Town in Sierra Leone, the free village of Granville in Jamaica
5320-598: Was named after Sharp. A memorial to Sharp was erected in Westminster Abbey , and he features in carved bas-relief on the side of the Clarkson Memorial , Wisbech , a memorial to fellow-abolitionist Thomas Clarkson (1760–1846). John Sharp (archbishop) John Sharp (16 February 1645 – 2 February 1714) was an English divine who served as Archbishop of York . Memoirs of the Secret Services of John Macky Esq .: John Archbishop of York,
5396-471: Was ordained deacon and priest on 12 August 1667 at St. Mary's, Westminster, by special faculty from Archbishop of Canterbury, Gilbert Sheldon and until 1676 was chaplain and tutor in the family of Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham at Kensington House . He was incorporated at Oxford on 12 July 1669 on the occasion of the opening of the Sheldonian Theatre. Meanwhile, he became archdeacon of Berkshire (1673), prebendary of Norwich and rector of St Giles in
5472-536: Was received, and in January 1687 he was reinstated. In August 1688 Sharp was again in trouble. After refusing to read the declaration of indulgence he summoned before the ecclesiastical commission of James II. He argued that though obedience was due to the king in preference to the archbishop, yet that obedience went no further than what was legal and honest. After the Glorious Revolution he visited
5548-402: Was the daughter of travel writer George Wheler and Grace née Higgons, who grew up in the political household of Sir Thomas Higgons . Sharp was born in Durham in 1735. He had eight older brothers and five younger sisters. Five of his brothers survived their infancy and by the time Sharp had reached his midteens the family funds set aside for their education had been all but depleted, so Sharp
5624-419: Was the same as if assets had been thrown overboard", and that a master could drown slaves without "a surmise of impropriety". The judge ruled that the Zong' s owners could not claim insurance on the slaves: the lack of sufficient water demonstrated that the cargo had been badly managed. However, no officers or crew were charged or prosecuted for the deliberate killing of the slaves, and Sharp's attempts to mount
5700-410: Was visiting, he met Jonathan Strong . Strong was a young black slave from Barbados who had been badly beaten by his master, David Lisle, a lawyer, with a pistol to the head. This left him close to blindness and as a result he had been cast out into the street as useless. Sharp and his brother tended to his injuries and had him admitted to Barts Hospital , where his injuries were so bad they necessitated
5776-466: Was written June 20, 1809, four years prior to the death of both figures in 1813. When Sharp heard that the Act of Abolition had at last been passed by both Houses of Parliament and given Royal Assent on 25 March 1807, he fell to his knees and offered a prayer of thanksgiving. He was now 71, and had outlived almost all of the allies and opponents of his early campaigns. He was regarded as the grand old man of
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