Stadtwerke Köln GmbH is the infrastructure and services company of the City of Cologne .
30-427: The company undertakes water supply and electrical, gas, heat and steam energy supply through the subsidiary RheinEnergie . Other subsidiaries provide waste management and housing services for the city, in addition to operating the public baths. The subsidiaries Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe (KVB) and Häfen und Güterverkehr Köln (HGK) operate the city's urban and industrial transportation systems respectively. The company
60-428: A battery is usually expressed indirectly by its capacity in ampere-hours ; to convert ampere-hour (Ah) to watt-hours (Wh), the ampere-hour value must be multiplied by the voltage of the power source. This value is approximate, since the battery voltage is not constant during its discharge, and because higher discharge rates reduce the total amount of energy that the battery can provide. In the case of devices that output
90-401: A change over time. For example: miles per hour, kilometres per hour, dollars per hour. Power units, such as kW, already measure the rate of energy per unit time (kW= kJ / s ). Kilowatt-hours are a product of power and time, not a rate of change of power with time. Watts per hour (W/h) is a unit of a change of power per hour, i.e. an acceleration in the delivery of energy. It is used to measure
120-442: A different voltage than the battery, it is the battery voltage (typically 3.7 V for Li-ion ) that must be used to calculate rather than the device output (for example, usually 5.0 V for USB portable chargers). This results in a 500 mA USB device running for about 3.7 hours on a 2,500 mAh battery, not five hours. The Board of Trade unit (B.T.U.) is an obsolete UK synonym for kilowatt-hour. The term derives from
150-454: A unit in the left column to the units in the top row, multiply by the factor in the cell where the row and column intersect. All the SI prefixes are commonly applied to the watt-hour: a kilowatt-hour is 1,000 Wh (kWh); a megawatt-hour is 1 million Wh (MWh); a milliwatt-hour is 1/1,000 Wh (mWh) and so on. The kilowatt-hour is commonly used by electrical energy providers for purposes of billing, since
180-485: A yearly basis, in units such as megawatt-hours per year (MWh/yr) gigawatt-hours/year (GWh/yr) or terawatt-hours per year (TWh/yr). These units have dimensions of energy divided by time and thus are units of power. They can be converted to SI power units by dividing by the number of hours in a year, about 8760 h/yr . Thus, 1 GWh/yr = 1 GWh/8760 h ≈ 114.12 kW . Many compound units for various kinds of rates explicitly mention units of time to indicate
210-536: Is calculated by multiplying the device's power consumption in kilowatts by the operating time in hours, and by the price per kilowatt-hour. The unit price of electricity charged by utility companies may depend on the customer's consumption profile over time. Prices vary considerably by locality. In the United States prices in different states can vary by a factor of three. While smaller customer loads are usually billed only for energy, transmission services, and
240-450: Is measured in watts , or joules per second . For example, a battery stores energy. When the battery delivers its energy, it does so at a certain power, that is, the rate of delivery of the energy. The higher the power, the quicker the battery's stored energy is delivered. A higher power output will cause the battery's stored energy to be depleted in a shorter time period. Electric energy production and consumption are sometimes reported on
270-445: Is often expressed as terawatt-hours (TWh) for a given period that is often a calendar year or financial year . A 365-day year equals 8,760 hours, so over a period of one year, power of one gigawatt equates to 8.76 terawatt-hours of energy. Conversely, one terawatt-hour is equal to a sustained power of about 114 megawatts for a period of one year. In 2020, the average household in the United States consumed 893 kWh per month. Raising
300-474: Is the joule (symbol J). Because a watt is by definition one joule per second , and because there are 3,600 seconds in an hour, one kWh equals 3,600 kilojoules or 3.6 MJ. A widely used representation of the kilowatt-hour is kWh , derived from its component units, kilowatt and hour. It is commonly used in billing for delivered energy to consumers by electric utility companies, and in commercial, educational, and scientific publications, and in
330-519: Is the city's waste collection and street cleaning company. KölnBäder GmbH is the subsidiary responsible for operating and running the city's swimming pools. Wohnungsgesellschaft der Stadtwerke Köln mbH is the subsidiary which provides housing for city employees. Kilowatt-hour A kilowatt-hour ( unit symbol : kW⋅h or kW h ; commonly written as kWh ) is a non-SI unit of energy equal to 3.6 megajoules (MJ) in SI units, which
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#1732782463581360-447: Is the energy delivered by one kilowatt of power for one hour . Kilowatt-hours are a common billing unit for electrical energy supplied by electric utilities . Metric prefixes are used for multiples and submultiples of the basic unit, the watt-hour (3.6 kJ). The kilowatt-hour is a composite unit of energy equal to one kilowatt (kW) sustained for (multiplied by) one hour. The International System of Units (SI) unit of energy meanwhile
390-404: Is used for commuter trains. For rail freight the company operates its own trains. Along with over 500 wagons the main traction is by MaK DE 1002 , Vossloh G 1000 BB , Vossloh G 1700 BB and GM-EMD JT42CWR diesel locomotives, as well a leased electric locomotives of TRAXX type. The company runs long distance trains as well as port operations. Abfallwirtschaftsbetriebe Köln GmbH & Co. KG
420-467: Is used with loads or output that vary during the year but whose annual totals are similar from one year to the next. For example, it is useful to compare the energy efficiency of household appliances whose power consumption varies with time or the season of the year. Another use is to measure the energy produced by a distributed power source. One kilowatt-hour per year equals about 114.08 milliwatts applied constantly during one year. The energy content of
450-433: The annual electricity generation for whole countries and the world energy consumption . A kilowatt is a unit of power (rate of flow of energy per unit of time). A kilowatt-hour is a unit of energy. Kilowatt per hour would be a rate of change of power flow with time. Work is the amount of energy transferred to a system; power is the rate of delivery of energy. Energy is measured in joules , or watt-seconds . Power
480-720: The City of Cologne and Stadtwerke Köln. In 1992 the Köln-Bonner Eisenbahn (KBE) and Köln-Frechen-Benzelrather Eisenbahn (KFBE) merged into the Häfen und Güterverkehr Köln (HGK) to form a new freight company; the KVB took over the passenger tram lines 16 and 18 of the KBE. A tram museum Straßenbahn-Museum Thielenbruch was opened in 1997 in the former 1926 wagon shed at Thielenbruch . The Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe AG (KVB) operates
510-415: The SI. An electric heater consuming 1,000 watts (1 kilowatt) operating for one hour uses one kilowatt-hour of energy. A television consuming 100 watts operating continuously for 10 hours uses one kilowatt-hour. A 40-watt electric appliance operating continuously for 25 hours uses one kilowatt-hour. Electrical energy is typically sold to consumers in kilowatt-hours. The cost of running an electrical device
540-454: The city's urban light railway system and buses, as well maintenance of vehicles and infrastructure work related to the mass transit system. The light rail system consists of lines radiating from the city centre as well as ring lines; as of 2022 both high and low floor trains are operated, depending on route. The company operates over 350 trains and ~300 buses, with more than 800,000 people transported each day. The Häfen und Güterverkehr Köln
570-612: The company supplied 14,259 gigawatt-hours (51.33 PJ ) of electricity, 7,773 GWh (27.98 PJ) of gas, and had a supply capacity of 660 GWh (2.4 PJ) of energy in the form of steam and 1,256 GWh (4.52 PJ) of heat energy. The company operates four combined heat and power plants which use waste heat energy to provide heating to suburbs of Cologne, and supplies some factories with steam. The company supplied 77.4 million litres of drinking water in 2009. City rail transport in Cologne dates back as far as 1877 when
600-558: The daily variation of demand (e.g. the slope of the duck curve ), or ramp-up behavior of power plants . For example, a power plant that reaches a power output of 1 MW from 0 MW in 15 minutes has a ramp-up rate of 4 MW/h . Other uses of terms such as watts per hour are likely to be errors. Several other units related to kilowatt-hour are commonly used to indicate power or energy capacity or use in specific application areas. Average annual energy production or consumption can be expressed in kilowatt-hours per year. This
630-451: The first horse-drawn railway was operated, by the 1900s electric trams had been introduced. During the first half of the twentieth century the network expanded in all directions, further expansion occurred in the second half of the century; in particular underground railways; by 1974 over 40 km of underground track and 13 km of overhead track had been built. In 1960 the company became an aktiengesellschaft (limited company) owned by
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#1732782463581660-544: The media. It is also the usual unit representation in electrical power engineering. This common representation, however, does not comply with the style guide of the International System of Units (SI). Other representations of the unit may be encountered: The hour is a unit of time listed among the non-SI units accepted by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures for use with
690-403: The monthly energy consumption of a typical residential customer ranges from a few hundred to a few thousand kilowatt-hours. Megawatt-hours (MWh), gigawatt-hours (GWh), and terawatt-hours (TWh) are often used for metering larger amounts of electrical energy to industrial customers and in power generation. The terawatt-hour and petawatt-hour (PWh) units are large enough to conveniently express
720-516: The municipal swimming pools. The origins of the company GEW Köln AG ( Gas-, Elektrizitäts- und Wasserwerke Köln AG ) date to the 19th century. In 2002 the assets of the business were transferred to GEW RheinEnergie AG and GEW Köln became the holding company, also incorporated into the firm was RGW ( Rechtsrheinische Gas- und Wasserversorgung AG ). In 2004/5 the operating company was renamed RheinEnergie AG . The company's three main business areas are electricity, water and natural gas supply. In 2009
750-557: The name of the Board of Trade which regulated the electricity industry until 1942 when the Ministry of Power took over. This should not be confused with a British Thermal Unit (BTU) which is 1055 J. In India, the kilowatt-hour is often simply called a unit of energy. A million units, designated MU , is a gigawatt-hour and a BU (billion units) is a terawatt-hour. MaK DE 1002 Too Many Requests If you report this error to
780-935: The port of Cologne the second largest in Germany after Duisburg . In total the ports have 14.5 km of quay length and an area of 1,250,600 m (1.2506 km). Niehl I is the primary container port with ~450,000 TEU of container traffic in 2009 and equipped with 36m reach gantry cranes allowing side stacked vessels up to 4 deep to be unloaded, other cargos handled include general dry bulk, fuel oils and paper. Niehl II handles cars, liquid goods including dangerous liquids and hydrocarbon gases. Deutz handles low value non-hazardous goods including sand, gravel, animal feed, grain, lumber and liquid chalk. Godorf handles bulk aggregates at Godorf I including salt, gravel, limestone; at Godorf II chemical and hydrocarbon products are handled. The company's rail system has over 250 km of track with over 100 km of sidings, over 90 km of which
810-423: The rated capacity, larger consumers also pay for peak power consumption, the greatest power recorded in a fairly short time, such as 15 minutes. This compensates the power company for maintaining the infrastructure needed to provide peak power. These charges are billed as demand changes. Industrial users may also have extra charges according to the power factor of their load. Major energy production or consumption
840-403: The temperature of 1 litre of water from room temperature to the boiling point with an electric kettle takes about 0.1 kWh. A 12 watt LED lamp lit constantly uses about 0.3 kW⋅h per 24 hours and about 9 kWh per month. In terms of human power , a healthy adult male manual laborer performs work equal to about half a kilowatt-hour over an eight-hour day. To convert a quantity measured in
870-667: Was established in 1960 by Cologne City Council as the public utility company of the city. On 29 August 2010 the company celebrated its 50th anniversary. Stadtwerke Köln is 100% owned by the city of Cologne; it acts as a holding company for six main group companies: GEW Köln AG (energy and water supply through the subsidiary RheinEnergie AG), KVB ( Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe AG ); urban transportation, AWB ( AWB Abfallwirtschaftsbetriebe Köln GmbH & Co. KG ); refuse collection, HGK ( Häfen und Güterverkehr Köln AG ); port operation and industrial railway, WSK ( Wohnungsgesellschaft der Stadtwerke Köln mbH ); housing, and KölnBäder GmbH ; operator of
900-548: Was founded in 1992 by the merger of the Häfen Köln GmbH. with the Köln-Bonner Eisenbahn and Köln-Frechen-Benzelrather Eisenbahn . The company operates four ports in Cologne; Niehl I, Niehl II, Godorf, and Deutz, as well as rail linked container terminals in Hürth , Bergisch Gladbach and Düren and further afield; ~500,000 TEU of containerised traffic and nearly 12 million tonnes of cargo were handled in 2009, making
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