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64-580: The town is situated within the historic Lubusz Land ( Ziemia Lubuska ) region at the confluence of the Oder and Warta rivers, on the western rim of the extended Warta mires. The town centre is located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Szczecin . Until the end of World War II and the implementation of the Oder–Neisse line in 1945, the municipal area also comprised the Küstrin-Kietz suburb on

128-647: A close friend and confidant of the Crown Prince, Katte succeeded the page Peter Karl Christoph von Keith , whom the king had recently transferred to Infantry Regiment No. 31 in Wesel as a lieutenant because he disapproved of his influence on his son. Frederick's sister Wilhelmine wrote in her memoirs about Katte: He was intelligent, well-read, worldly. The good company he continued to frequent had allowed him to adopt polished manners that were quite rare in Berlin at

192-513: A fortified castellany and a Polish taxation post, however, together with Lubusz Land it was seized by the Ascanian margraves of Brandenburg in 1261 and incorporated into their Neumark territory east of the Oder river. By 1300 the town had received Magdeburg town rights from Margrave Albert III of Brandenburg and started to grow rapidly, owing largely to trade on the rivers. From 1319 there

256-550: A new powerful rival prompted the previously warring parties to make peace with each other and cooperate. Bavarian forces soon entered the region, but in October 1323 Pope John XXII called Louis IV to annul the grant of Brandenburg to Louis V, declaring it unlawful. The Pope supported the dukes of Pomerania and Głogów and local bishop Stephen II, and urged the region's inhabitants to resist the Wittelsbachs. King Władysław I

320-576: A number of German forced labour camps. Due to Allied air raids on the railway hub and local factories and its position as a German bridgehead on the east bank of the Oder during the Battle of the Oder-Neisse and the Battle of the Seelow Heights , almost 95% of its buildings were destroyed (including all 32 of the city's factories) and the town was generally deserted. The town was captured by

384-675: A part of communist East Germany in 1949. Polish and Soviet authorities expelled most of the German population from the Polish annexed part of Lubusz Land in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . Refugees who had fled before the Soviet forces were prevented from returning to their homes. The area was then resettled with Poles expelled from Soviet-annexed eastern Poland and migrants from central Poland. The largest cities and capitals of

448-630: Is a historical region and cultural landscape in Poland and Germany on both sides of the Oder river. Originally the settlement area of the Lechites , the swampy area was located east of Brandenburg and west of Greater Poland , south of Pomerania and north of Silesia and Lower Lusatia . Presently its eastern part lies within the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship , the western part with its historical capital Lebus (Lubusz) in

512-537: Is now called Küstrin-Kietz . Between 2004 and 2019 Kostrzyn hosted the annual Pol'and'Rock Festival (formerly Przystanek Woodstock) in the summer, the largest open-air music festival in Europe and one of the largest in the world. The local football club is Celuloza Kostrzyn nad Odrą  [ pl ] . It competes in the lower leagues. Kostrzyn nad Odrą is twinned with: Lubusz Land Lubusz Land ( Polish : Ziemia lubuska ; German : Land Lebus )

576-693: Is one of the smallest towns. In the Polish part of the Lubusz Land, in Słubice , the Misplaced Pages Monument , world's first monument dedicated to the Misplaced Pages community , was unveiled in 2014. Towns on the west side of the Oder, in Germany : Towns on the east side of the Oder, in Poland : Hans Hermann von Katte Hans Hermann von Katte (28 February 1704 – 6 November 1730)

640-659: The Bronze Age , the area was held by the Piast dukes and kings of Poland from about 960 until 1261, who had a gord laid out in the borderlands with the Pomeranian tribes in the north. Duke Mieszko I used Kostrzyn's strategic location as a staging area during his expedition to the Battle of Cedynia in 972. Likewise, beginning in 1002, his successor Bolesław I the Brave used the area to prepare for conquests and battles in

704-602: The Duchy of Pomerania and Greater Poland. The Lebus bishops tried to maintain their affiliation with Poland and in 1276 therefore moved their residence east of the Oder river to Górzyca (Göritz upon Oder) , an episcopal fief. When in 1319 the Brandenburg House of Ascania became extinct, the Lubusz Land became the subject of rivalry between the Piasts (duchies of Jawor and Żagań ), Griffins ( Duchy of Pomerania ) and

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768-703: The Duchy of Silesia . The Duchy of Silesia was restored to the descendants of Władysław II the Exile in 1163, and Lubusz Land together with Lower Silesia was given to his eldest son Bolesław I the Tall . In the 13th century Polish dukes in order to help develop Lubusz Land, granted some areas to different Catholic religious orders , such as the Cistercians , Canons Regular and Knights Templar . Among those orders possessions were Łagów , Chwarszczany , Lubiąż (today's Müncheberg ) and Dębno . Lubusz remained under

832-654: The German–Polish War against King Henry II . In 1223 Duke Władysław Odonic of Greater Poland granted the fortress to the Knights Templar . The name of the town was first mentioned in 1232 in a Polish letter by the Lubusz bishop Wawrzyniec to the Knights Templar, in which the old Slavic name Cozsterine (hence the later German name Küstrin ) was mentioned. In the 12th century it developed into

896-591: The Great Emigration led through the region. During World War I , a German strict regime prisoner-of-war camp for French, Russian, Belgian, British and Canadian officers was operated in Kostrzyn . Notable inmates included Leefe Robinson , Jocelyn Lee Hardy , Roland Garros and Jules Bastin , who all made unsuccessful escape attempts. It is considered the only German POW camp of World War I from which no one managed to escape. The Einsatzgruppe VI

960-483: The Prussian Army , as temporary military service was a prerequisite for his desired judicial career. It is not known when Frederick II and Katte met for the first time. However, when they both attended private mathematics and mechanics lessons in 1729, they became acquainted rapidly. Frederick, eight years younger than Katte, admired Katte for his cosmopolitan attitude. Both were interested in poetry and playing

1024-721: The Red Army on 11 March 1945. Soviet troops killed some American POWs mistaking them for enemy troops. After the war the ruined town became again part of Poland by decision of the Potsdam Conference ; Germans remaining in the town were expelled westward in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The town was repopulated by Poles, many of whom were refugees from Soviet-annexed former eastern Poland , from where they had been displaced by Soviet authorities in accordance to new borders decided at Yalta Conference , while most were re-settlers from central Poland. The remnants of

1088-709: The Sachsenhausen concentration camp , whose prisoners were Poles, Ukrainians, Russians, Norwegians, French, Belgians, Germans, Jews and Dutch. Particularly infamous camps were the Oderblick labor education camp in Świecko and the Sonnenburg concentration camp in Słońsk , in which Polish, Belgian, French, Bulgarian, Dutch, Yugoslav, Russian, Italian, Ukrainian, Luxembourgish, Danish, Norwegian, Czech, Slovak and other prisoners were held, and many died. In early 1945,

1152-883: The Thirteen Years’ War broke out, the Teutonic Knights sold the region to Brandenburg in order to raise funds for war against Poland. The bulk of the Lubusz Land remained part of the Bohemian (Czech) lands until 1415. In 1424 the Lebus bishopric became a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg, finally leaving the Gniezno ecclesiastical province. In 1432, the Czech Hussites captured the city of Frankfurt (Oder) . In 1518 Bishop Dietrich von Bülow bought

1216-590: The death marches of prisoners of various nationalities from the dissolved camps in Świecko and Żabikowo to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp passed through the region. On 30–31 January, the SS and Gestapo perpetrated a massacre of over 800 prisoners of the Sonnenburg concentration camp. Lubusz Land was the site of fierce fighting on the Eastern Front of World War II in 1945. In February and March

1280-542: The Ascanians ( Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg ). In 1319, the region was captured by Wartislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania , in 1320 a large portion passed to Duke Henry I of Jawor , who tried to reclaim the Lubusz Land as region lost by his grandfather Bolesław II the Horned , later that year the western part was conquered by Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg , and the eastern outskirts with Torzym were controlled by Duke Henry IV

1344-697: The Bald . In 1248 Bolesław II, then Duke of Legnica , finally sold Lubusz to Magdeburg's Archbishop Wilbrand von Käfernburg and the Ascanian margraves of Brandenburg in 1249, wielding the secular reign. Duchy of Silesia 1138–1173 Duchy of Wrocław 1173–1177 Duchy of Głogów 1177–1181 Duchy of Wrocław 1181–1203 Duchy of Greater Poland 1203–1211 Duchy of Wrocław 1211–1218 Duchy of Greater Poland 1218–1230 Duchy of Wrocław 1230–1241 Duchy of Lubusz 1241–1242 [REDACTED] Duchy of Wrocław 1242–1248 [REDACTED] Duchy of Legnica 1248–1249 As to secular rule Lubusz Land

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1408-526: The Brave . After the German Northern March got lost in a 983 Slavic rebellion, Duke Bolesław and King Otto III of Germany in 991 agreed at Quedlinburg to jointly conquer the remaining Lutician territory, Otto coming from the west and Bolesław starting from Lubusz in the east. However, they did not succeed. Instead Otto's successor King Henry II of Germany in the rising conflict over the adjacent Lusatian march concluded an alliance with

1472-694: The Catholic Imperial forces in the Smalkaldic War , his vassal city of Beeskow refused to obey. From 1555 the bishopric was secularised and became a Lutheran diocese and the area east of the Oder was later called Eastern Brandenburg . In 1575 King Maximilian II of Bohemia granted the Beeskow lordship of the Lebus diocese to Brandenburg as a Bohemian fief , which it remained until the First Silesian War in 1742. When in 1598

1536-594: The Elbow-high of Poland also took the chance, allied with Bishop Stephen II and campaigned the Lubusz Land. In return the head of secular government in Lubusz, governor Erich of Wulkow, loyal to the new Brandenburg margrave Louis V, raided and captured the episcopal possessions in 1325, burning down the Górzyca cathedral. Bishop Stephen fled to Poland. In 1354 Bishop Henry Bentsch reconciled with Margrave Louis II and

1600-639: The Faithful of Żagań by 1322. In 1322–1323, there were heavy fights between Pomerania and Saxe-Wittenberg in the northern part of the region, around Kostrzyn nad Odrą . After the Battle of Mühldorf , the House of Wittelsbach took an interest in the region in 1323, and King Louis IV the Bavarian decided to grant the Margraviate of Brandenburg with the Lubusz Land to his son Louis V . The emergence of

1664-636: The French in 1806, Küstrin was occupied by a French military garrison for the remainder of the Napoleonic Wars . During the French retreat from the east in 1814, the town was set on fire and burnt to the ground. The town recovered and became one of the most important railway hubs in the Kingdom of Prussia and later the German Empire . One of the main escape routes for surviving insurgents of

1728-658: The German state of Brandenburg . When in 928 King Henry I of Germany crossed the Elbe river to conquer the lands of the Veleti, he did not subdue the Leubuzzi people settling beyond the Spree . Their territory was either already inherited by the first Polish ruler Mieszko I (~960-992) or conquered by him in the early period of his rule. After Mieszkos' death the whole country was inherited by his son Duke, and later King, Bolesław I

1792-526: The King came home earlier than expected. For one hour Von Katte and visiting composer Johann Joachim Quantz hid in a small room behind the fireplace. His father discovered his secret collection of books and clothes, which he threw in the fire. His books had to be sold or auctioned. Not long after, Frederick revealed to Katte that he had a plan to flee to Great Britain as a way to leave his harsh and despotic father. At first Katte tried to hold Frederick back, but at

1856-435: The King himself died, but Frederick Wilhelm ordered the sentence changed to beheading , declaring that "it would be better that Katte came to death than the justice out of the world." As Katte was an officer of the King's Guard, Frederick William argued that if Katte were let off lightly, the King's Guard could never be trusted again. All petitions of mercy for Katte, including one from Frederick and one from Count Seckendorff ,

1920-530: The Lutici and repeatedly attacked Bolesław. Lubusz Land remained under Polish control even after King Mieszko II Lambert in 1031 finally had to withdraw from the adjacent, just conquered March of Lusatia and accept the overlordship of Emperor Conrad II . In 1125 Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland established the Bishopric of Lubusz to secure Lubusz Land. 1124-1125 records note that the new Bishop of Lubusz

1984-625: The Luxembourgs reached an agreement with Poland in Kraków , under which Poland was to buy and reincorporate Kostrzyn and the surrounding region, but eventually the Luxembourgs sold the town to the Teutonic Order . After the Thirteen Years’ War broke out in 1454, the Teutonic Knights sold the town to Brandenburg in order to raise funds for war against Poland. In 1535–1571 the town was the seat of John of Brandenburg-Küstrin , who made it

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2048-456: The Magdeburg administrator Joachim Frederick of Hohenzollern became Elector of Brandenburg, all official links with Poland had long been cut. In the 16th century, many Polish exports, including grain, wood, ash, tar and hemp, were floated from western Poland via Frankfurt (Oder) in Lubusz Land to the port of Szczecin , with the high Brandenburgian customs duties on Polish goods lowered in

2112-509: The Polish Lubusz Voivodeship today are Zielona Góra and Gorzów Wielkopolski , which however were not part of the historical Lubusz Land (cf. map above), but were parts of Lower Silesia and Greater Poland (the Santok castellany) respectively. Today, the largest town of Lubusz Land is Frankfurt (Oder) , located in the German part of the region. On the Polish side the largest town is Kostrzyn nad Odrą . The region's historic capital, Lebus ,

2176-567: The Polish November Uprising from partitioned Poland to the Great Emigration led through the town. In 1857 it was linked to Berlin and Frankfurt (Oder) and in 1875 with Stettin (Szczecin) on the Pomeranian coast. In 1900 its population reached 16,473, including the garrison of the fortress. During World War I , a German strict regime prisoner-of-war camp for French, Russian, Belgian, British and Canadian officers

2240-738: The Prussian capital of Berlin , Katte was a nobleman by birth, coming from a long line of aristocratic military men. His ancestors were squires of Wust in the Altmark . His father, field marshal general Hans Heinrich von Katte, was one of Frederick William I's most regarded cuirassiers . Katte's mother, Dorothee Sophia von Wartensleben, was the daughter of a seasoned and revered field marshal, Graf Leopold Alexander von Wartensleben . Hans Hermann studied in Königsberg and Utrecht , focusing on French and law . After completing his studies he joined

2304-580: The ambassador of Emperor Charles VI , were ignored. The king wrote to the delinquent's father, his esteemed general Katte: "Your son is a scoundrel, mine too, what can fathers do about it?" Katte was beheaded at the fortress of Küstrin, where the king forced Frederick to watch the execution. However, when he was brought up to be executed, Frederick shouted in French to Katte, "Veuillez pardonner mon cher Katte, au nom de Dieu, pardonne-moi!" ("Please forgive me dear Katte, in God's name, forgive me.") Katte called back in

2368-533: The battle for Kostrzyn nad Odrą (then Küstrin ) was fought, which resulted in 95% of the town being destroyed, making it the most destructed town of post-war Poland. Shortly after the liberation of the Stalag III-C POW camp in Kostrzyn, Soviet troops killed some American POWs mistaking them for German troops. In April the Battle of the Seelow Heights took place, ending in a Soviet-Polish victory. It

2432-638: The capital of the Neumark region and built a castle. With time this castle was expanded into a fortress, one of the largest such facilities in the region. While still crown prince, Frederick the Great was imprisoned in the fortress, from which he witnessed the execution of his friend Hans Hermann von Katte on 6 November 1730. The town was besieged by the Russians during the Seven Years' War . Captured by

2496-435: The early 17th century. But new links to Poland developed, because since 1618 the prince-electors of Brandenburg ruled the Duchy of Prussia , then a Polish vassal state , in personal union . In 1657 Prussia gained sovereignty, so in 1701 the electors could upgrade their simultaneously held Prussian dukedom to the Kingdom of Prussia , dropping the title of elector of the Holy Roman Empire at its dissolution in 1806. In 1815

2560-424: The end supported Frederick's plan to escape. A first attempt to escape from the Zeithain Encampment in June 1730, where they accompanied the king, failed because Frederick and Katte could not get horses. On 5 August 1730, while the royal retinue was near Mannheim in the Electorate of the Palatinate , Frederick tried again to escape from his quarters. At that point Katte stayed in Potsdam , but his younger brother

2624-502: The episcopal possessions were returned. The see of the bishopric returned to Lebus, where a new cathedral was built. In 1373 the diocese was again devastated by a Bohemian army, when Emperor Charles IV of Luxembourg took the Brandenburg margraviate from the House of Wittelsbach . It became part of the Lands of the Bohemian (Czech) Crown . The see of the bishopric now moved to Fürstenwalde (Przybór) ( St Mary's Cathedral, Fürstenwalde ). Polish monarchs still made peaceful attempts to regain

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2688-428: The flute. An intimate friendship developed between them and due to the long-standing perception (even during his own lifetime ) of Frederick as homosexual, has led some historians to speculate that their relationship may have been romantic and/or sexual (see: Sexuality of Frederick the Great ). A contemporary courtier, Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz , reports that the two treated each other “like a lover with his mistress.” As

2752-453: The greatest grief to a faithful father's heart. That all the hopes for my future welfare and its comfort in old age has to disappear at once; that all applied effort and diligence for my upbringing to the maturity of the desired happiness even have been in vain; yes – that I will have to bow in the prime of my years without presenting to you in this world the fruits of my efforts and my achieved sciences. How didn't I think to ascend

2816-403: The kingdom joined the German Confederation , in 1866 the North German Confederation , which enlarged in 1871 to united Germany . By the 17th century most of the population, consisting of autochthon Poles and German settlers, had mingled and assimilated to German language . One of the main escape routes for insurgents of the unsuccessful Polish November Uprising from partitioned Poland to

2880-415: The old town within the fortress walls, including the castle in which the young Frederick the Great had been imprisoned, were razed after the war and the bricks were used to rebuild Polish cities elsewhere. More recently, plans to rebuild some of the old town in a historical style were considered, but this project appears to be on hold. The section of the town on the west bank of the Oder remained in Germany and

2944-588: The outbreak of World War II Küstrin had 24,000 inhabitants. During the war, the Germans used Polish prisoners of war as forced labourers to build the Stalag III-C POW camp in the present-day district of Drzewice . It housed Polish, French , Serbian, Soviet, Italian , British, American and Belgian POWs. In 1943–45 the town also housed a sub-camp of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp , whose prisoners were Poles, Ukrainians, Russians, Germans, French, Belgians and Dutch, with Poles and Russians treated particularly bad either by guards or ethnic German camp elders, and

3008-451: The region. The northern part of the diocese of Lubusz, the Kostrzyn land, administratively became part of the New March , a peripheral region for Czech rulers who were willing to sell it. In 1402, an agreement was reached in Kraków between them and the Poles, under which Poland was purchase and reincorporate this region, however in the same year the Luxembourgs sold the region to the Teutonic Knights , Poland's arch-enemy. In 1454, after

3072-506: The rule of the Silesian Piasts , though Bolesław's son Duke Henry I the Bearded in 1206 signed an agreement with Duke Władysław III Spindleshanks of Greater Poland to swap it for the Kalisz Region . This agreement however did not last as it provoked the revolt of Władysław's nephew Władysław Odonic , while in addition the Lusatian margrave Conrad II of Landsberg took this occasion to invade Lubusz. Duke Henry I appealed to Emperor Otto IV and already started an armed expedition, until he

3136-516: The same language, "There is nothing to forgive, I die for you with joy in my heart!" Frederick then fell to the floor in a dead faint. Katte's body was left overnight on the execution scaffold that reached up to Frederick's window by order of the king. Yet Katte's last words were not his last farewell. Soon it was discovered that Katte had written a farewell letter to his father before his execution which stated: Into tears, my father, that's how I want to melt away, when thinking that this letter will cause

3200-433: The secular lordship of Beeskow - Storkow , in secular respect a Bohemian fief, in religious respect mostly no part of his diocese but of the Diocese of Meissen . The castle in Beeskow became the episcopal residence. The last Catholic bishop was Georg von Blumenthal , who died in 1550 after a heroic non-military counter-reformatory campaign. However, when in 1547 Bishop Georg tried to recruit and arm troops in order to join

3264-444: The time. His face was more unpleasant than engaging: two black eyebrows almost covered his eyes; There was something ominous about his look that foreshadowed his fate. His tanned, pockmarked skin enhanced his ugliness. He played the role of a free spirit and took his life to excess; Great ambition and arrogance went hand in hand with this vice. Such a favorite was far from dissuading my brother from his aberrations. One day in June 1730,

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3328-696: The way of honor and reputation – walk the path of disgrace and a shameful death. ... Get strong again my father, and believe me, God is with me in this game, without whose will nothing happens, not even a sparrow on the earth may fall! ... Meanwhile, I thank you with filial respect for all the father loyalty shown to me, from my childhood to the present hour ... Now nothing is left for me but to close with this consolation: Even though, my father, you haven't experienced anything high and distinguished from me in this world, oh! so please be assured that you will find even higher in heaven. Your faithful until death son. Hans Hermann Upon witnessing his death, Frederick

3392-419: The west bank of the Oder river, which today is part of the German Küstriner Vorland municipality. The former town centre, the Kostrzyn fortress located on the headland between the Oder and Warta rivers, was destroyed by the Red Army as an act of revenge weeks before the end of WW2 and not rebuilt. Today Kostrzyn's central area is located around Kostrzyn railway station east of the Warta's mouth. Settled since

3456-458: The world and make your conceived hope one satisfied; how didn't I think that I will not lack of happiness and well-being; how wasn't I occupied from the certainty of my reputation. But all in vain! How futile man's thoughts are: At once everything is falling apart; and how sadly is the scenery of my life coming to an end; and how is my current state distinguished from that with which my thoughts have gone; I must – instead of promenading

3520-493: Was a Lieutenant of the Prussian Army , and a friend, tutor and possible lover of the future King Frederick II of Prussia , who was at the time the Crown Prince. Katte was executed by Frederick's father, the Prussian King Frederick William I , when Frederick plotted to escape from Prussia to Britain . It was possible that Frederick intended to defect to the service of the British King George II (his maternal uncle) and possibly return to Prussia to depose his father. Born in

3584-431: Was a dispute over the town between the Piasts, the Griffins and the Ascanians, and there were heavy fights between the Duchy of Pomerania and the Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg in the area in 1322–1323. A peace treaty between Pomerania and Saxe-Wittenberg was signed in the town on 5 December 1323. In 1373 the town became part of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (or Czech Lands ), ruled by the Luxembourg dynasty . In 1402,

3648-406: Was finally separated from Silesia, according to canon law however, the Lubusz diocese, comprising most of Lubusz Land, remained subordinate to the Gniezno metropolis . Meanwhile, the Brandenburg margraves forwarded the incorporation of Lubusz Land into their New March , created and expanded further to the northeast after the acquisition of the Santok castellany in 1296 on the forest areas between

3712-472: Was formed in Frankfurt (Oder) before it entered several Polish cities, including Poznań , Kalisz and Leszno , to commit various crimes against Poles during the German invasion of Poland , which started World War II . During the war, the Germans operated the Stalag III-C prisoner-of-war camp for Polish, French , Serbian, Soviet, Italian , British, American and Belgian POWs in the region, and numerous forced labour camps, including several subcamps of

3776-421: Was nominated by Duke Bolesław under the Archbishopric of Gniezno . However, from the beginning Gniezno's role as metropolia of the Lubusz diocese was challenged by the claims of the mighty Archbishops of Magdeburg , who also tried to make Lebus their suffragan. The Polish position was decisively enfeebled by the process of fragmentation after the death of Duke Bolesław III in 1138, when Lubusz Land became part of

3840-461: Was once again able to secure his possession of the region after Margrave Conrad had died in 1210. Nevertheless, the resistance against the Imperial expansion waned as the Silesian territories were again fragmented after the death of Duke Henry II the Pious at the Battle of Legnica in 1241. His younger son Mieszko then held the title of a " Duke of Lubusz ", but died only one year later, after which his territory fell to his elder brother Bolesław II

3904-422: Was one of the last battles before the capitulation of Nazi Germany and the end of World War II in Europe . The portion of Lubusz Land east of the Oder River became again part of Poland by the 1945 Potsdam Conference, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until the 1980s, whereas the western portion with the historical capital Lebus remained under Soviet occupation and became

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3968-420: Was operated at the local fortress. Notable inmates included Leefe Robinson , Jocelyn Lee Hardy , Roland Garros and Jules Bastin , who all made unsuccessful escape attempts. It is considered the only German POW camp of World War I from which no one managed to escape. In September 1923, the Black Reichswehr attempted a putsch from the Küstrin Fortress , but it was suppressed by the regular Reichswehr . At

4032-423: Was plunged into deep despair for three days. After that, he never spoke of Katte again nor ever visited his grave. Katte's body was initially buried in the fortress moat on the king's instructions. However, at the family's request, it was exhumed and transferred to the family crypt in Wust . His grandfather was given the executioner's bill to pay and the executioner's sword. However, four weeks after his accession to

4096-518: Was there as a page. This time post horses had been arranged, but the crown prince's valet woke up and called the guard. A compromising letter unmasked Katte as an accomplice; Frederick and Katte were subsequently arrested and imprisoned in Küstrin . Because they were army officers who had tried to flee Prussia for England, Frederick William I leveled an accusation of treason against the pair. A court martial found Katte guilty of desertion and sentenced him to life imprisonment , which would last until

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