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42-496: KMP may refer to: Hungarian Communist Party ( Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja ) KMP Expressways Ltd, constructing the Kundli–Manesar–Palwal Expressway , Haryana, India Kempton Park railway station , Surrey, National Rail station code Kent M. Pitman , known as KMP Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm , a search algorithm K-Multimedia Player KM Produce ,

84-490: A Japanese adult video company Khulna Metropolitan Police Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title KMP . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KMP&oldid=1247204735 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

126-590: A Provisional Central Committee, which attempted to keep the party together despite its illegal status in Hungary. Throughout the 1920s, many Hungarian Communists moved to Moscow, with Kun among them. Kun's actions in Russia, most notably the organization of a massacre of White Russian prisoners-of-war in 1921, drew censure from the Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin and other prominent Bolsheviks. Nonetheless, Kun maintained

168-564: A Russian POW camp, Kun, along with several associates, set up the initial workings of the KMP in the downtown of Moscow in October 1918. These first members returned to Hungary in November, and on the 24th officially created the KMP. The Communist Party chose "The Party of Communists in Hungary" (Hungarian: Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja) as its name, instead of "Hungarian Communist Party", since

210-482: A legal entity in Hungary, despite the Horthy government's alliance with Nazi Germany . This movement was quickly put to an end, however, as mass arrests in 1942 effectively destroyed the leadership of the KMP. This, coupled with the dissolution of Comintern in 1943, spelled the end of the KMP as a functioning party for the time being. In an effort to continue their actions, Hungarian Communists under János Kádár founded

252-725: A massive agricultural collectivization project. He also took steps towards normalising foreign relations with the Triple Entente powers in an effort to gain back some of the land that Hungary was set to lose in the postwar negotiations. For the 133 days that the Hungarian Soviet Republic existed, the KMP concentrated mostly on trying to fix the widespread economic chaos that had resulted from Hungary's defeat in World War I. Unfortunately, Kun's economic policy created higher inflation and led to food shortages across

294-540: A neutral state. The move backfired horrendously; the Arrow Cross Party forces seized the capital, took power, and set the stage for a four-month battle that claimed thousands of lives and left Budapest in ruins. The city was finally liberated in February 1945. Despite rapid growth in membership immediately following the war, the party refounded under the name MKP received 17 percent in the elections, equal to

336-723: A new party, dubbed the Peace Party , as a replacement for the KMP. This designation lasted until late 1944, at which point the Peace Party reverted to its designation as the Communist Party. By this point, Horthy was frantically trying to end Hungary's role in the war. Attempts to scale back the involvement on the German end failed, and so, with the Red Army approaching the country's borders, Horthy tried to declare Hungary

378-482: A prominent position with Comintern until 1937, when he was arrested and executed during one of Joseph Stalin ’s purges. Furthermore, Kun was the unquestioned leader of the KMP during the interwar period, with his main rival, Jenő Landler , dying in 1927. The party also organised a legal cover party, the Socialist Workers Party of Hungary (MSzMP), to act as its representative in Hungary. However,

420-662: A strategy he later called salami tactics . Within two years, the MKP had broken the power base of the Independent Smallholders Party (FKGP), the majority party in the new government, and by 1948, every party but the Social Democrats had either vanished or taken over by fellow travelers willing to do the Communists' bidding. The Social Democrats were eliminated in 1948 by a forced merger with

462-676: Is a social democratic political party in Hungary . Historically, the party was dissolved during the occupation of Hungary by Nazi Germany (1944–1945) and the communist period of Hungary from 1948 to 1989, after being forced into a merger with the Communist Party. It worked legally for a short time during the Revolution of 1956 . It was a government party as a part of the Károlyi Government (1918–1919), Berinkey Government , Peidl Government (1919), Interim National Assembly (1944–1945) and Dinnyés Government (1947–1948). It

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504-576: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Hungarian Communist Party It was founded on November 24, 1918, as Party of Communists in Hungary, and was in power between March and August 1919 when Béla Kun ran the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic . The communist government was later overthrown by the Romanian Army , Kun was exiled to Vienna and later he including many other communists moved to Moscow and during those years membership

546-559: The 2014 general election , as well as Schmuck's new party, which took most of the members and large part of the infrastructure of the MSZDP. László Kapolyi died on 29 November 2014 after a long illness. Since 2014 there have been ongoing challenges to the legal status of the MSZDP, and its current legal status is unclear. The MSZDP did not participate in the 2018 general election and party leader László Hasilló endorsed Gergely Karácsony and his MSZP– Dialogue electoral alliance. In 2020 MSZDP

588-571: The 2022 parliamentary election . However, the party's registration was refused by the National Election Office (NVI) due to for administrative reasons. The leadership of MSZDP endorsed United for Hungary thereafter. Joint individual candidates with the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP). Party President László Kapolyi was elected MP and joined MSZP parliamentary group. Kapolyi was elected MP from

630-659: The Bolshevik movement prompted the Social Democrats to seek a coalition with the KMP. For the Social Democrats, an alliance with the KMP not only increased its standing with the common people but also gave it a potential link to the increasingly powerful Russian Communist Party, as Kun had ties with prominent Russian Bolsheviks. After the establishment of the Hungarian Soviet Republic in March 1919, Kun set about nationalising private industry while embarking on

672-591: The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 . Under the leadership of Anna Kéthly , Gyula Kelemen and József Fischer the MSZDP took a prominent role in Imre Nagy 's Provisional Government. For the first time in many years the party newspaper Népszava was published independently. Following the suppression of the Revolution in 1956 and 1957, the MSZDP disappeared again under state repression, and much of

714-715: The Hungarian Social Democratic Party . But the appointment of party secretary László Rajk as Minister of the Interior, coupled with the presence of the Red Army in the country and strong support for the MKP within other parties, allowed the Hungarian Communists time to whittle away their political opponents. Party leader Mátyás Rákosi implemented a strategy of pressuring the non-Communist parties to gradually push out their more courageous elements as "fascists" or fascist sympathizers,

756-544: The election of November 1945 , finishing in a strong second place. From 1945–1948, the MSZDP governed in association with the Smallholders' Party . With the establishment of the police state, members were increasingly pressured to co-operate with the Hungarian Communist Party . The grouping became the largest party in 1947, but came under increasing pressure to merge with the Communists. Eventually,

798-592: The "Magyarországi" moniker. The environment became increasingly hostile during the Second World War and activity virtually drained to a halt. With the Nazi takeover of Hungary in 1944, the party was declared illegal. Many of the leadership were executed, with the remainder imprisoned or driven underground. The party was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1923 and 1940. The MSZDP fought

840-876: The Communists in June 1948 which formed the Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP). However, the few independent-minded Social Democrats were quickly shunted aside, leaving the MDP as essentially the MKP under a new name. In 1949, elections were held in which voters were presented with a single list from the Communist-controlled Independent Democratic Front. Social Democratic Party of Hungary The Social Democratic Party of Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt , pronounced [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡi ˈsot͡sijaːldɛmokrɒtɒ ˈpaːrt] , MSZDP )

882-580: The Hungarian government soon took steps to abolish the MSzMP, and by 1927, the party existed in name only. For the remainder of the interwar period, the internal leadership of the KMP beyond Kun fluctuated tremendously, and membership was minuscule. After the deadly derailment of a passenger train at Biatorbágy by Szilveszter Matuska in 1931, the government declared martial law and used the opportunity to arrest suspected communists. Two of those arrested, and

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924-492: The MSZDP, and a breakaway was established in November 1989 as the "Historical" Social Democratic Party (SZDP or tSZDP). The SZDP claimed to be the ideological successor to the " anti-communist " MSZDP of 1945–1948 and 1956. Another breakaway party also emerged in 1989 - the Independent Social Democratic Party (FSZDP). The results of the 1990 elections under the leadership of Anna Petrasovits

966-588: The MSZP. Its leader (since 1994), László Kapolyi , was elected to Parliament in 2002 as part of a joint MSZP–MSZDP ticket. Between 2002 and 2010, he sat with the MSZP in Parliament, as a normal MSZP MP, and after 2007 he was joined by Gábor Hárs , a 'defector' from the MSZP. In 2007 and 2008, further defections from the MSZP to the MSZDP in Óbuda and Zugló resulted in some pressure to more clearly define an independent social democratic perspective to differentiate

1008-617: The Soviet Republic was followed by a year-long anticommunist purge, known as the White Terror, by the new nationalist government under István Bethlen in which anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people were killed, and thousands more were imprisoned and tortured. Much of the old KMP leadership was executed or exiled, primarily to Vienna. There, remnants of the KMP Central Committee, once again led by Kun, reformed into

1050-507: The elections of 1920, which resulted in a right-wing victory and continued right-wing government for the inter-war period. The MSZDP made their peace with Miklós Horthy 's government in 1921 with the Bethlen – Peyer pact. More radical elements were suppressed, and trade union activity was increasingly driven underground during the 1930s. After 1939, the party became known as the SZDP, dropping

1092-400: The first elections. The MSZMP, now calling itself the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), started with a large base of members, plenty of financial resources and a core electorate. The MSZP and MSZDP were in competition for the same left-wing support. The transition period was marked by chaos in the newly reformed MSZDP. There were many disagreements throughout 1989 regarding the direction of

1134-492: The land. Opposition began to grow, led by Miklós Horthy , and in June, an attempted coup made the KMP launch a violent terror campaign through its secret police. The Soviet Republic fell on August 1, 1919, after the Hungarian Army's crushing defeat by Romania . The invading Romanians seized Budapest from the Communists, exiled Kun to Vienna and forced the KMP to hand over power to the Social Democrats. The fall of

1176-617: The last decade. Besides, Stalin's purges in the late 1930s had taken a heavy toll on the Hungarian émigrés in Moscow. The KMP entered the 1940s a shell of what it once was. In late 1941, following Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, the Central Committee advised Party members to work with non-Communist resistance groups in order to present a united anti-German front. This prompted the KMP to attempt to re-establish itself as

1218-415: The leadership escaped into exile. The gradual softening of the official government policies in Hungary in the 1970s and 1980s led to many in the governing Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP) being associated with Reform Communism. This was sometimes not easily distinguishable from social democracy . In 1989 the MSZDP was re-founded, and took a prominent role in the transitional arrangements before

1260-461: The leadership's close ties to the MSZP, the MSZDP was unable to capitalise upon the MSZP's growing unpopularity in the run-up to the 2010 Hungarian parliamentary election , and it was doubtful that it had a membership of more than 100 active subscribers. On its 45th Congress on 8 October 2011, Kapolyi was re-elected as chairman, and Andor Schmuck was elected as general secretary. At the 46th Congress on 24 November 2012, long serving chairman Kapolyi

1302-560: The leading party members Imré Sallai and Sándor Fürst , were executed the following year. The KMP was damaged to the point that the Comintern dissolved it in 1936. Further throwing the communists into disarray were the inconsistent policies of the Comintern throughout the 1930s, which culminated in the 1939 Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact and the abandonment of the Popular Front tactic, which had marked communist ideology for

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1344-480: The party from the MSZP. In response to this, László Kapolyi tried to prevent further defections from joining, under pressure from the MSZP's leadership. However, pressure from the remaining membership of the MSZDP has created tensions. In November 2009, a number of local MSZDP associations made autonomous decisions to form electoral alliances with the Green Left , regardless of the MSZDP's national leadership. Due to

1386-482: The party merged with the social democrats to form the Hungarian Working People's Party which became the next ruling party of Hungary. It was also a member of Comintern and its successor Cominform . The Communist Party of Hungary (KMP) was first established as The Party of Communists in Hungary in late 1918 by Béla Kun , a former journalist who fought for Austria-Hungary in World War I . After spending time in

1428-421: The request. MSZDP also endorsed the candidacy of centre-right politician Péter Márki-Zay as prime minister of the united opposition. After rejection, Cséplő announced MSZDP intends to take part in the 2022 parliamentary election with separate candidates and national list. In early 2022 MSZDP announced on its website that MSZDP and Workers' Party of Hungary 2006 – European Left will cooperate in preparation for

1470-511: The right-wing were forcibly excluded from the MSZDP, by the end of 1948 the MSZDP had ceased to function independently. This allowed what was left of the party to merge with the Communists to form the Soviet -sponsored Hungarian Working People's Party . However, the few independent-minded Social Democrats left in the party were quickly shunted aside, leaving the merged party as a renamed and enlarged Communist Party. The MSZDP re-emerged defiantly in

1512-480: The vast majority of its represented social class, the factory workers, still did not have ethnic Hungarian roots in Budapest, and ethnic Hungarians were only a minority in the newly founded party. Initially, the group was small in number and boasted only its founders and a handful of leftist Social Democrats . Nonetheless, the political instability of the government under Mihály Károlyi and the growing popularity of

1554-587: The war resulted in the collapse of the Dual Monarchy . The MSZDP leadership entered into government as part of an unsuccessful post-war socialist administration and subsequently Béla Kun 's Communist dictatorship, which carried out a Red Terror against those deemed to be enemies of the revolution and the working class. When the Communist regime collapsed MSZDP supporters were killed in the subsequent anti-Communist backlash . The entire left-wing boycotted

1596-442: Was a huge disappointment to the MSZDP, as the reconstituted party failed to reach the 5% parliamentary threshold. Following the replacement of Petrasovits, Endre Borbély and Zoltán Király held the position for a year respectively. Following the defeats in 1990 and 1994, the MSZDP has failed to cross the threshold into Parliament at every subsequent election. Whilst retaining its separate status, it has become even further linked to

1638-423: Was becoming smaller every year. During World War II the party changed its name to Peace Party but only a year later in 1944, they embraced a new name which they will hold until 1948. After the war, they regained power and their membership rose up quickly which led to Mátyás Rákosi suppressing other parties in the country besides the social democrats (which were aligned with them) to form a one-party state. In 1948,

1680-666: Was delisted from the Party of European Socialists and the Socialist International due to inactivity. Party director Dániel Cséplő announced in July 2021 that MSZDP intends to participate in the 2021 opposition primary and requested the inclusion of his party to the six-member opposition election cooperation, with the similar conditions as the New World People's Party (ÚVNP). The six parties, however, refused

1722-640: Was not running again for re-election, Schmuck was elected as his successor. On 26 May 2013, an attempt was made to officially dissolve the MSZDP, with a small successor party established as the Hungarian Social Democrats' Party (Szocdemek) under the leadership of Andor Schmuck whilst excluding former leader László Kapolyi. The decision of the Congress has since been challenged. Political opponents of Schmuck elected Kapolyi chairman again. The Social Democratic Party under Kapolyi participated in

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1764-540: Was reorganized after Hungary's transition from communism in 1989. MSZDP used to be a member of the Socialist International and the Party of European Socialists until 2020, when it was delisted from both due to inactivity. Hungary as part of Austria-Hungary : Hungary as an independent country: The party grew in power and influence until the First World War, which resulted in the party fracturing into pro-war and anti-war factions. The chaos which followed

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