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60-634: KCIT (channel 14) is a television station in Amarillo, Texas , United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Mission Broadcasting , which maintains joint sales and shared services agreements (JSA/SSA) with Nexstar Media Group , owner of NBC affiliate KAMR-TV (channel 4) and low-power MyNetworkTV affiliate KCPN-LD (channel 33), for the provision of certain services. The three stations share studios on Southeast 11th Avenue and South Fillmore Street in downtown Amarillo; KCIT's transmitter

120-482: A barter in some cases. Watt The watt (symbol: W ) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m ⋅s . It is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer . The watt is named in honor of James Watt (1736–1819), an 18th-century Scottish inventor , mechanical engineer , and chemist who improved

180-558: A light bulb with a power rating of 100 W is turned on for one hour, the energy used is 100 watt hours (W·h), 0.1 kilowatt hour, or 360  kJ . This same amount of energy would light a 40-watt bulb for 2.5 hours, or a 50-watt bulb for 2 hours. Power stations are rated using units of power, typically megawatts or gigawatts (for example, the Three Gorges Dam in China is rated at approximately 22 gigawatts). This reflects

240-608: A $ 624,000 swap for the license of radio station KRIZ (now KBCQ-FM ) in Roswell, New Mexico . Operating as an independent station , channel 14 maintained a programming inventory typical of a non-network-affiliated outlet, consisting of first-run and off-network sitcoms and drama series , classic off-network westerns (with films from the genre airing on Friday nights under the sponsored Western Theater umbrella), feature films in prime time and on weekend afternoons (with those airing on Monday through Thursday evenings presented under

300-575: A four-station transaction that also included KJTL and KJBO-LP. The acquisition of KJTL and KJBO was among the first station acquisitions for Mission (part of a four-station transaction that also involved the purchases of KCIT and KCPN-LP); developed as an arm of its creditor Bastet Broadcasting, the group had formed partnerships with the Nexstar Broadcasting Group and Quorum Broadcasting to operate many of Mission's stations in markets that did not have enough television stations to allow

360-542: A half-hour each on Saturdays and Sundays). As the duopoly partner of KAMR, the station may also simulcast long-form severe weather coverage from the NBC affiliate in the event that a tornado warning is issued for any county in its viewing area of the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandles as well as Eastern New Mexico . However, unlike most Fox affiliates, KCIT does not carry a weekday morning newscast. Local newscasts debuted on channel 14

420-521: A large portion of northwestern Texas , the Oklahoma Panhandle and northeastern New Mexico through many translators that distribute its programming beyond the 71.4-mile-wide (114.9 km) range of its broadcast signal: Television station The Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow ( TV Station Paul Nipkow ) in Berlin , Germany , was the first regular television service in the world. It

480-670: A legal duopoly between two commercial outlets. In the Amarillo market, Boston -based Quorum had announced its intent to acquire KAMR-TV from Wichita Falls-based Cannan Communications the day before the Mission purchase was announced (on January 5), in a $ 64-million, three-station deal. Quorum took over the operations of KCIT and KCPN on June 1, 1999, under joint sales and shared services agreements with Mission, under which KAMR would handle news production, engineering, security and certain other services as well as handling advertising sales for

540-532: A major blizzard that crippled much of the Texas Panhandle. Snow drifts of up to four feet (1.2 m) prevented station employees from accessing the site until the morning of February 26, in order to restore power to the transmitters. All three stations remained available to Suddenlink systems in the area through a direct fiber feed. As of May 2021, KAMR-TV produces six hours of locally produced newscasts each week for KCIT (with an hour each weekday, and

600-685: A more powerful signal that reached much of the Texas Panhandle. Subsequently, on August 11, 1985, the station changed its call letters to KCIT, a phoneticism for "See It"). Around that time, the station changed its on-air branding to "TV-14 KCIT". During its later years as an independent station and its early years as a Fox affiliate, KJTV/KCIT heavily relied on sponsorships from Amarillo area businesses for its programming, including among others, local car dealerships Don Judd Dodge (now defunct) and John Chandler Ford (now Tri-State Ford), and furniture retailer Heath Furniture (which would later be purchased by Richmond, Virginia –based Heilig-Meyers in 1997). In

660-415: A much shorter wavelength, and thus requires a shorter antenna, but also higher power. North American stations can go up to 5000 kW ERP for video and 500 kW audio, or 1000 kW digital. Low channels travel further than high ones at the same power, but UHF does not suffer from as much electromagnetic interference and background "noise" as VHF, making it much more desirable for TV. Despite this, in

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720-456: A primarily radio-based broadcasting division of private equity firm The Wicks Group, which intended the purchases to be a stepping stone to build a group of middle-market television stations complementary to its nine existing radio properties – for $ 14 million; the sale was finalized on August 31, 1995. On January 6, 1999, Wicks announced that it would sell KCIT and KCPN-LP to Bexley, Ohio –based Mission Broadcasting for $ 13 million, as part of

780-567: A story that aired on the 9 p.m. newscast that March about community resources for abused women without verifying the claims. Jennifer later filed a countersuit against her husband on grounds that the suit was meritless, and sought damages resulting from ten years of spousal abuse. The original lawsuit was dismissed by Potter County District Court Judge Patrick Pirtle on September 23, citing Gabriel's failure to file responses to orders demanding evidence of defamation. The KAMR-produced newscast would later gain additional prime time news competitors in

840-541: A turbine, which generates 648 MW e (i.e. electricity). Other SI prefixes are sometimes used, for example gigawatt electrical (GW e ). The International Bureau of Weights and Measures , which maintains the SI-standard, states that further information about a quantity should not be attached to the unit symbol but instead to the quantity symbol (e.g., P th = 270 W rather than P = 270 W th ) and so these unit symbols are non-SI. In compliance with SI,

900-424: A unit of time, namely 1 J/s. In this new definition, 1 absolute watt = 1.00019 international watts. Texts written before 1948 are likely to be using the international watt, which implies caution when comparing numerical values from this period with the post-1948 watt. In 1960, the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures adopted the absolute watt into the International System of Units (SI) as

960-425: A variety of ways to generate revenue from television commercials . They may be an independent station or part of a broadcasting network , or some other structure. They can produce some or all of their programs or buy some broadcast syndication programming for or all of it from other stations or independent production companies. Many stations have some sort of television studio , which on major-network stations

1020-496: Is non-commercial educational (NCE) and considered public broadcasting . To avoid concentration of media ownership of television stations, government regulations in most countries generally limit the ownership of television stations by television networks or other media operators, but these regulations vary considerably. Some countries have set up nationwide television networks, in which individual television stations act as mere repeaters of nationwide programs . In those countries,

1080-470: Is broadcast via terrestrial radio waves. A group of television stations with common ownership or affiliation are known as a TV network and an individual station within the network is referred to as O&O or affiliate , respectively. Because television station signals use the electromagnetic spectrum, which in the past has been a common, scarce resource, governments often claim authority to regulate them. Broadcast television systems standards vary around

1140-487: Is located on Dumas Drive ( US 87 – 287 ) and Reclamation Plant Road in rural unincorporated Potter County . The station first signed on the air on October 24, 1982, as KJTV. Not counting satellite stations , it was the fourth commercial television station — after NBC affiliate KAMR-TV (channel 4), which signed on as KGNC-TV on March 18, 1953, CBS affiliate KFDA-TV (channel 10), which signed on April 4, 1953, and ABC affiliate KVII-TV (channel 7), which signed on

1200-733: Is named after the Scottish inventor James Watt . The unit name was proposed by C. William Siemens in August 1882 in his President's Address to the Fifty-Second Congress of the British Association for the Advancement of Science . Noting that units in the practical system of units were named after leading physicists, Siemens proposed that watt might be an appropriate name for a unit of power. Siemens defined

1260-792: Is often used for newscasts or other local programming . There is usually a news department , where journalists gather information. There is also a section where electronic news-gathering (ENG) operations are based, receiving remote broadcasts via remote pickup unit or satellite TV . Outside broadcasting vans, production trucks , or SUVs with electronic field production (EFP) equipment are sent out with reporters , who may also bring back news stories on video tape rather than sending them back live . To keep pace with technology United States television stations have been replacing operators with broadcast automation systems to increase profits in recent years. Some stations (known as repeaters or translators ) only simulcast another, usually

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1320-523: Is the rate at which electrical work is performed when a current of one ampere (A) flows across an electrical potential difference of one volt (V), meaning the watt is equivalent to the volt-ampere (the latter unit, however, is used for a different quantity from the real power of an electrical circuit). 1   W = 1   V ⋅ A . {\displaystyle \mathrm {1~W=1~V{\cdot }A} .} Two additional unit conversions for watt can be found using

1380-825: The Newcomen engine with his own steam engine in 1776. Watt's invention was fundamental for the Industrial Revolution . When an object's velocity is held constant at one meter per second against a constant opposing force of one newton , the rate at which work is done is one watt. 1   W = 1   J / s = 1   N ⋅ m / s = 1   k g ⋅ m 2 ⋅ s − 3 . {\displaystyle \mathrm {1~W=1~J{/}s=1~N{\cdot }m{/}s=1~kg{\cdot }m^{2}{\cdot }s^{-3}} .} In terms of electromagnetism , one watt

1440-565: The Star Movie umbrella) and cartoons . KJTV also carried business news programming from the Financial News Network each weekday afternoon until 1985. Channel 14, however, housed older transmission equipment and was fairly prone to technical problems during its run as an independent. The station's transmitter failed on its first night of operation and did not return to the air until the following morning. Its programming

1500-405: The broadcast range , or geographic area, that the station is limited to, allocates the broadcast frequency of the radio spectrum for that station's transmissions, sets limits on what types of television programs can be programmed for broadcast and requires a station to broadcast a minimum amount of certain programs types, such as public affairs messages . Another form of television station

1560-534: The electricity bill and emergency backup generators . In North America , full-power stations on band I (channels 2 to 6) are generally limited to 100 kW analog video ( VSB ) and 10 kW analog audio ( FM ), or 45 kW digital ( 8VSB ) ERP. Stations on band III (channels 7 to 13) can go up by 5 dB to 316 kW video, 31.6 kW audio, or 160 kW digital. Low-VHF stations are often subject to long-distance reception just as with FM. There are no stations on Channel 1 . UHF , by comparison, has

1620-458: The 9 p.m. timeslot during the late 2000s: CBS affiliate KFDA-TV launched a prime time newscast for sister independent station KZBZ-LP (now KTXC-LP ) in September 2006, which was followed by the launch of a newscast produced by ABC affiliate KVII-TV for CW-affiliated DT2 subchannel in September 2012. In 2005, KAMR began producing a one-hour extension of its weekday morning newscast for KCIT, which

1680-620: The KCIT Acquisition Co. subsidiary of Wichita Falls -based Epic Broadcasting Corporation – owned by Peter D'Acosta, the Martha Steed Lyne Management Trust, Charles R. Hart and eventual Texas House Representative F. Lanham Lyne Jr. (the latter two of whom owned Wichita Falls Fox affiliate KJTL ) – for $ 2.3 million in cash to be paid upon closing; the sale was approved by the FCC on March 11, 1991. In

1740-647: The U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is taking another large portion of this band (channels 52 to 69) away, in contrast to the rest of the world, which has been taking VHF instead. This means that some stations left on VHF are harder to receive after the analog shutdown . Since at least 1974, there are no stations on channel 37 in North America for radio astronomy purposes. Most television stations are commercial broadcasting enterprises which are structured in

1800-470: The above equation and Ohm's law . 1   W = 1   V 2 / Ω = 1   A 2 ⋅ Ω , {\displaystyle \mathrm {1~W=1~V^{2}/\Omega =1~A^{2}{\cdot }\Omega } ,} where ohm ( Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } ) is the SI derived unit of electrical resistance . The watt

1860-600: The air on December 21, 1957 — and the first commercial UHF outlet to sign on in the Amarillo market. The station was founded and owned by Ray Moran, who, in March 1981, purchased the construction permit for the UHF channel 14 allocation that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) originally granted to Amarillo Family Television (owned by Gary L. Acker, who operated several Christian radio stations across Texas, Louisiana , Florida and Missouri through various subsidiaries) in

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1920-467: The beginning and end of each ad. The picture format was also substandard, with RF interference being prevalent over the audio feed as the equipment was housed in a room next to the station's transmission tower (located along US 87 – 287 at KVII's original transmitter facility), which housed an older model RCA transmitter dish that produced a low-power, 128- kW signal that barely covered the entire Amarillo metropolitan area. In November 1984, Moran sold

1980-404: The day it started operations as KJTV on October 24, 1982, with a half-hour-long 10 p.m. newscast, titled Channel 14 News (later retitled as TV-14 News upon the 1985 callsign switch and then as Fox News in 1986, the station's newscasts were then moved to 9 p.m.). In its early years, the prime time newscast — the first such newscast to debut in the Amarillo market — was paired alongside

2040-515: The energy company Ørsted A/S uses the unit megawatt for produced electrical power and the equivalent unit megajoule per second for delivered heating power in a combined heat and power station such as Avedøre Power Station . When describing alternating current (AC) electricity, another distinction is made between the watt and the volt-ampere . While these units are equivalent for simple resistive circuits , they differ when loads exhibit electrical reactance . Radio stations usually report

2100-581: The format; KCIT's prime time show was included in the upgrade. The station's digital signal is multiplexed : KCIT shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 14, on February 17, 2009, the original target date on which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009). The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 15, using virtual channel 14. KCIT covers

2160-420: The highest point available in the transmission area, such as on a summit , the top of a high skyscraper , or on a tall radio tower . To get a signal from the master control room to the transmitter, a studio/transmitter link (STL) is used. The link can be either by radio or T1 / E1 . A transmitter/studio link (TSL) may also send telemetry back to the station, but this may be embedded in subcarriers of

2220-583: The launch of a three-hour Sunday night lineup in April 1987, Fox aired its prime time programming exclusively on weekends until September 1989, when it began a five-year expansion towards a nightly prime time schedule. Until Fox began airing prime time programs on all seven nights of the week in January 1993, KCIT continued to air a movie at 7 p.m. on nights when the network did not offer any programming. On January 18, 1991, Wilson announced it would sell KCIT to

2280-400: The local television station has no station identification and, from a consumer's point of view, there is no practical distinction between a network and a station, with only small regional changes in programming, such as local television news . To broadcast its programs, a television station requires operators to operate equipment, a transmitter or radio antenna , which is often located at

2340-419: The main broadcast. Stations which retransmit or simulcast another may simply pick-up that station over-the-air , or via STL or satellite. The license usually specifies which other station it is allowed to carry. VHF stations often have very tall antennas due to their long wavelength , but require much less effective radiated power (ERP), and therefore use much less transmitter power output , also saving on

2400-460: The maximum power output it can achieve at any point in time. A power station's annual energy output, however, would be recorded using units of energy (not power), typically gigawatt hours. Major energy production or consumption is often expressed as terawatt hours for a given period; often a calendar year or financial year. One terawatt hour of energy is equal to a sustained power delivery of one terawatt for one hour, or approximately 114 megawatts for

2460-488: The power of their transmitters in units of watts, referring to the effective radiated power . This refers to the power that a half-wave dipole antenna would need to radiate to match the intensity of the transmitter's main lobe . The terms power and energy are closely related but distinct physical quantities. Power is the rate at which energy is generated or consumed and hence is measured in units (e.g. watts) that represent energy per unit time . For example, when

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2520-476: The programmes seen on its owner's flagship station, and have no television studio or production facilities of their own. This is common in developing countries . Low-power stations typically also fall into this category worldwide. Most stations which are not simulcast produce their own station identifications . TV stations may also advertise on or provide weather (or news) services to local radio stations , particularly co-owned sister stations . This may be

2580-444: The programming service in late night until September 1995. In October 1994, channel 14 gained a sister station when Epic Broadcasting signed on low-power independent station K65GD (channel 65, now a MyNetworkTV affiliate KCPN-LD on UHF channel 33). In May 1995, Epic Broadcasting sold KCIT, K65GD, KJTL and its Wichita Falls sister station K35BO (now MyNetworkTV affiliate KJBO-LD ) to New York City -based Wicks Broadcast Group – then

2640-404: The return of a nightly prime time newscast to channel 14, which made its debut on March 11, 2001. The half-hour show, titled Fox 14 News @ 9 , originated from a secondary news set at KAMR/KCIT/KCPN's facility on South Fillmore Street in downtown Amarillo. Originally co-anchored by Kelly James and Paige Smith ( née Cook) on Sundays through Friday nights and Mel Hernandez on Saturdays, the newscast

2700-454: The sale was finalized on December 31, 2003, Mission transferred the SSA involving KCIT and KCPN to Nexstar in conjunction with that group's acquisition of KAMR. On February 25, 2013, the over-the-air signals of KCIT, KAMR and KCPN were knocked off the air for more than 18 hours as a result of electricity fluctuations that shut off cooling pumps on the stations' transmitter tower off of US 287 during

2760-417: The station to Ralph C. Wilson Industries Inc. (owned by Detroit businessman and Buffalo Bills founder Ralph Wilson ) for $ 1 million; the sale received FCC approval on December 11, 1984. Wilson heavily invested in the station, constructing a state-of-the-art studio and office facility on South Fillmore Street in downtown Amarillo, and a 1,522-foot (464 m) transmitter tower north of Amarillo that produced

2820-436: The station's daytime and evening programming for the next four years. The news updates, branded as Fox 14 News , were discontinued in 1999, following the sale of KCIT and KCPN-LP to Mission Broadcasting and the formation of the SSA with NBC affiliate KAMR. For the next two years, the station aired no newscasts or news updates at all. A news outsourcing agreement was established between KCIT and KAMR two years later, resulting in

2880-473: The subject of a defamation lawsuit by Gabriel Brown of Canadian, Texas , in which he accused the station and the United Way of Amarillo and Canyon of falsely identifying him in a story about a domestic abuse claim by Brown's wife, Jennifer Brown, who said Gabriel (whose name was not disclosed in the aired report) beat her when she received services from a United Way agency, which compiled information for

2940-583: The summer of 1986, News Corporation approached Wilson Industries about turning KCIT into a charter affiliate of the Fox Broadcasting Company . Channel 14 joined Fox when the network inaugurated programming on October 9, 1986. Though it was technically a network affiliate, KCIT continued to be programmed as a de facto independent station as Fox's initial programming lineup consisted solely of a late-night talk show , The Late Show Starring Joan Rivers . Even after its programming expanded with

3000-568: The summer of 1991, the station retired the "TV-14" branding in favor of identifying exclusively as "Fox 14," a brand that KCIT had been using on an alternating basis since 1988; with the change, the station also implemented a logo similar to that used by KJTL — then Epic's flagship station — that remained in use until 1994. In September 1993, KCIT began maintaining a secondary affiliation with the Prime Time Entertainment Network (PTEN), carrying first-run drama series from

3060-502: The syndicated national news program Independent Network News (produced by New York City independent station WPIX , now a CW affiliate). In addition, during the 1980s, channel 14 produced Noonday , a weekday midday public affairs program focusing on community issues affecting Texas Panhandle residents. KCIT shut down its news operation in the fall of 1995, with channel 14's news programming consisting solely of 60-second news and weather updates that aired during commercial breaks within

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3120-515: The two stations. Even though it was the senior partner in the outsourcing agreement, KAMR subsequently vacated its longtime studio facility on North Polk and Northeast 24th Streets, and relocated its operations seven miles (11 km) south to KCIT/KCPN's Fillmore Street facility. On September 12, 2003, Irving, Texas –based Nexstar Broadcasting Group announced it would acquire the Quorum stations and all of its associated JSA/SSAs for $ 230 million; when

3180-569: The unit of power. In the electric power industry , megawatt electrical ( MWe or MW e ) refers by convention to the electric power produced by a generator, while megawatt thermal or thermal megawatt (MWt, MW t , or MWth, MW th ) refers to thermal power produced by the plant. For example, the Embalse nuclear power plant in Argentina uses a fission reactor to generate 2,109 MW t (i.e. heat), which creates steam to drive

3240-570: The unit within the existing system of practical units as "the power conveyed by a current of an Ampère through the difference of potential of a Volt". In October 1908, at the International Conference on Electric Units and Standards in London, so-called international definitions were established for practical electrical units. Siemens' definition was adopted as the international watt. (Also used: 1 A × 1 Ω.) The watt

3300-399: The world. Television stations broadcasting over an analog system were typically limited to one television channel , but digital television enables broadcasting via subchannels as well. Television stations usually require a broadcast license from a government agency which sets the requirements and limitations on the station. In the United States, for example, a television license defines

3360-420: Was defined as equal to 10 units of power in the practical system of units. The "international units" were dominant from 1909 until 1948. After the 9th General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1948, the international watt was redefined from practical units to absolute units (i.e., using only length, mass, and time). Concretely, this meant that 1 watt was defined as the quantity of energy transferred in

3420-448: Was eventually canceled after two years due to poor ratings. On January 15, 2008, the 9 p.m. newscast—which had aired for a half-hour since its debut—was expanded to a one-hour-long broadcast; it would revert to a half-hour in September 2011. In December 2014, KAMR began broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition , becoming the market's second Big Three network affiliate (after CBS affiliate KFDA-TV) to upgrade its newscasts to

3480-581: Was fed to the Amarillo facility from an off-air receiver relayed by microwave link from sister station KJAA in Lubbock (now also a Fox affiliate, which assumed the KJTV call letters in 1986); this method of relaying the signal produced a blurred feed. Most of its transmission equipment, while new, was also of low quality. Commercials aired during program breaks were played on 3 ⁄ 4 -inch (1.9 cm) tape decks that suffered from repeated picture glitches at

3540-618: Was on the air from 22 March 1935, until it was shut down in 1944. The station was named after Paul Gottlieb Nipkow , the inventor of the Nipkow disk . Most often the term "television station" refers to a station which broadcasts structured content to an audience or it refers to the organization that operates the station. A terrestrial television transmission can occur via analog television signals or, more recently, via digital television signals. Television stations are differentiated from cable television or other video providers as their content

3600-465: Was structured to match the "Fox attitude" in an effort to court younger viewers, incorporating entertainment, health and lifestyle news segments and a fast-paced sports segment (similar in pacing to that of the Headline Sports segment aired at the time by CNN Headline News ), alongside a conventional style of news coverage that would appeal to Texas Panhandle viewers. In May 2003, KCIT became

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