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92-659: KDDI provides mobile cellular services using the Au brand. ISP network services are provided under the au one net brand, while "au Hikari" is the name under which long-distance and international voice and data communications services and Fiber to the Home (FTTH) services are marketed. ADSL broadband services carry the brand name "ADSL One", and IP telephony over copper is branded as "Metal Plus". On April 1, 2002, au by KDDI launched 3G networks using CDMA2000 1x technology. On November 28, 2003, au by KDDI launched EV-DO Rev 0 service in

184-467: A 12 VDC power supply fed over several tens of meters of cable. Power line networking deployments also rely on FTTC. Using the IEEE P1901 protocol (or its predecessor HomePlug AV ) existing electric service cables move up to 1 Gbit/s from the curb/pole/cabinet into every AC electrical outlet in the home—coverage equivalent to a robust Wi-Fi implementation, with the added advantage of

276-513: A de facto world standard, combined with Ericsson's other mobile standards, such as D-AMPS and PDC , meant that by the start of 1997, Ericsson had an estimated 40% share of the world's mobile market, with around 54 million subscribers. There were also around 188 million AXE lines in place or on order in 117 countries. Telecom and chip companies worked in the 1990s to provide Internet access over mobile telephones. Early versions such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) used packet data over

368-649: A hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) network is used by cable television operators but is usually not synonymous with "fiber In the loop", although similar advanced services are provided by the HFC networks. Fixed wireless and mobile wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi , WiMAX and 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) are an alternative for providing Internet access . The telecommunications industry differentiates between several distinct FTTX configurations. The terms in most widespread use today are: To promote consistency, especially when comparing FTTH penetration rates between countries,

460-469: A strategic partnership to combine the former's web browser and server software with the latter's mobile-internet technologies. In 2000, the Dot-com bubble burst with marked economic implications for Sweden . Ericsson, the world's largest producer of mobile telecommunications equipment, shed thousands of jobs, as did the country's Internet consulting firms and dot-com start-ups . In the same year, Intel ,

552-495: A dial on the front and appropriate changes to the electronics. Elaborate decals decorated the cases. World War I , the subsequent Great Depression and the loss of its Russian assets after the Revolution slowed the company's development while sales to other countries fell by about half. The acquisition of other telecommunications companies put pressure on Ericsson's finances; in 1925, Karl Fredric Wincrantz took control of

644-1007: A driver in the development of 2G, 3G, 4G/LTE and 5G technology, and the evolution towards all-IP, and it develops and deploys advanced LTE systems, but it is still developing the older GSM , WCDMA , and CDMA technologies. The company's networks portfolio also includes microwave transport, Internet Protocol (IP) networks, fixed-access services for copper and fiber, and mobile broadband modules, several levels of fixed broadband access, radio access networks from small pico cells to high-capacity macro cells and controllers for radio base stations. Ericsson's network rollout services employ in-house capabilities, subcontractors and central resources to make changes to live networks. Services such as technology deployment, network transformation, support services and network optimization are also provided. This unit provides core networks, Operations Support Systems such as network management and analytics, and Business Support Systems such as billing and mediation. Within

736-432: A halfway measure between fixed wireless and FTTH, with special advantages for smart appliances and electric vehicles that rely on PLC use already. Operators around the world have been rolling out high-speed Internet access networks since the mid-2000s. Some used a network topology known as Active Ethernet Point-to-Point to deliver services from its central office directly into subscribers' homes. Fiber termination

828-457: A list of measures to promote the deployment of fast broadband and next-generation access networks. Portugal Telecom plans to complete its fiber-to-the-home nationwide roll out by 2020. Currently 200 Mbit/s down, 100 Mbit/s up costs €22 per month. Between September 2017 and March 2019, the number of European FTTH and FTTB subscribers increased by nearly 16%. By 2025, the total number of premises passed by FTTH and FTTB infrastructure

920-426: A location. Each switching cabinet can handle up to 1,000 customers, although 400–500 is more typical. This neighborhood equipment performs layer 2 switching or layer 3 switching and routing, offloading full layer 3 routing to the carrier's central office. The IEEE 802.3ah standard enables service providers to deliver up to 1000 Mbit/s , full-duplex , over one single-mode optical fiber FTTP, depending on

1012-428: A lot of bandwidth, but they cost more because of the fiber and the equipment in the central office. Direct fiber is generally favored by new entrants and competitive operators. A benefit is that no layer 2 networking technologies are excluded, whether passive optical network (PON), active optical network (AON), or other. Any form of regulatory remedy is possible using this topology. More commonly, each fiber leaving

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1104-566: A major contributor to the development of the telecommunications industry and is one of the leaders in 5G. The company was founded in 1876 by Lars Magnus Ericsson and is jointly controlled by the Wallenberg family through its holding company Investor AB , and the universal bank Handelsbanken through its investment company Industrivärden. The Wallenbergs and the Handelsbanken sphere acquired their voting-strong A-shares, and thus

1196-469: A million people lost their jobs in the global telecom industry over the two years. The collapse of U.S. carrier WorldCom , with more than $ 107 billion in assets, was the biggest in U.S. history. The sector's problems caused bankruptcies and job losses, and led to changes in the leadership of several major companies. Ericsson made 20,000 more staff redundant and raised about $ 3 billion from its shareholders. In June 2002, Infineon Technologies (then

1288-640: A number of operators, including AT&T in the United States, Germany's Deutsche Telekom , Greece 's OTE , Swisscom, TIM in Italy, Proximus in Belgium, nbn™ in Australia , and Canadian operators Telus , Cogeco and Bell Canada . The simplest optical distribution network architecture is direct fiber: each fiber leaving the central office goes to exactly one customer. These networks can support

1380-436: A single cable for power and data. By avoiding new cable and its cost and liabilities, FTTC costs less to deploy. However, it also has historically had lower bandwidth potential than FTTP. In practice, the relative advantage of fiber depends on the bandwidth available for backhaul , usage-based billing restrictions that prevent full use of last-mile capabilities, and customer premises equipment and maintenance restrictions, and

1472-450: A subsidiary company of KDDI, was a 2G PDC cellular operator in three metropolitan areas (Tokyo, Nagoya , and Osaka), which did not apply a 3G license. TU-KA was best known for having singer Ayumi Hamasaki to appear in their commercials. TU-KA was closed on March 31, 2008. DDI Pocket , a PHS operator, was previously owned by KDDI but was spun off as Willcom which is now incorporated into Y!Mobile . In August 2014, KDDI announced it

1564-402: A variety of factors, such as the physical geography of the local environment, number of anticipated subscribers, and labor force skill. FTTN/C is seen as an interim step towards full FTTH and in many cases triple-play services delivered using this approach to provide up to around 100 Mbit/s have been proven to grow subscriber numbers and ARPU considerably FTTN/C is currently used by

1656-920: A way to deliver multiple services over open-access networks in the United States. Once on private property, the signal is typically converted into an electrical format. Ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson ( lit.   ' Telephone Stock Company of LM Ericsson ' ), commonly known as Ericsson , is a Swedish multinational networking and telecommunications company headquartered in Stockholm , Sweden . The company sells infrastructure, software, and services in information and communications technology for telecommunications service providers and enterprises, including, among others, 3G , 4G , and 5G equipment, and Internet Protocol (IP) and optical transport systems. The company employs around 100,000 people and operates in more than 180 countries. Ericsson has over 57,000 granted patents. Ericsson has been

1748-457: A year later it moved headquarters from Sweden to Japan. As a joint venture with Sony, Ericsson's mobile telephone production was moved into the company Sony Ericsson in 2001. The following is a list of mobile phones marketed under the brand name Ericsson. Ericsson Mobile Platforms existed for eight years; on 12 February 2009, Ericsson announced it would be merged with the mobile platform company of STMicroelectronics , ST-NXP Wireless, to create

1840-442: Is FTTB. Fiber to the curb/cabinet (FTTC) is a telecommunications system based on fiber-optic cables run to a platform that serves several customers. Each of these customers has a connection to this platform via coaxial cable or twisted pair . The "curb" is an abstraction and can just as easily mean a pole-mounted device or communications closet or shed. Typically any system terminating fiber within 300 m (1,000 ft) of

1932-558: Is Japan's second-largest cellular operator with an increasing 20.0% market share. On January 26, 2006, the first pointing local search application, Mapion Local Search - Powered by GeoVector , was launched on the KDDI network on their GPS and compass equipped handsets. In January 2007, KDDI announced its ten new 3G models for spring 2007, and a concept of its new designer phone Media Skin by Tokujin Yoshioka which would later be displayed at

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2024-759: Is a common way of delivering triple- and quad-play (voice, video, data, and mobile) services over both fiber and hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) networks. Active PPPoE uses dedicated fiber from an operator's central office all the way to the subscribers' homes, while hybrid networks (often FTTN) use it to transport data via fiber to an intermediate point to ensure sufficiently high throughput speeds over last-mile copper connections. This approach has become increasingly popular in recent years with telecoms service providers in both North America ( AT&T , Telus , for example) and Europe's Fastweb , Telecom Italia , Telekom Austria and Deutsche Telekom , for example. Google has also looked into this approach, amongst others, as

2116-712: Is expected to reach 187 million throughout Europe. Google Fiber provides speed of up to 8 Gbit/s . Active Line Access is an evolving standard for the provision of services over FTTP networks in the United Kingdom proposed by the regulator Ofcom and developed by the Network Interoperability Consultative Committee. Most FTTH deployments follow one of four primary architecture types: centralized split, distributed split, star architecture, or daisy-chaining. Fiber network developers choose architectures based on

2208-904: Is part of 'Group Function Technology' and addresses several facets of network architecture: wireless access networks; radio access technologies; broadband technologies; packet technologies; multimedia technologies; services software; EMF safety and sustainability; security; and global services. The head of research since 2012 is Sara Mazur . Group Function Technology holds research co-operations with several major universities and research institutes including Lund University in Sweden, Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary and Beijing Institute of Technology in China. Ericsson also holds research co-operations within several European research programs such as GigaWam and OASE . Ericsson holds 33,000 granted patents and

2300-417: Is sometimes given the acronym FTTLA (fiber-to-the-last-amplifier) when it replaces analog amplifiers up to the last one before the customer (or neighborhood of customers). FTTC allows delivery of broadband services such as high-speed internet. Usually, existing wire is used with communications protocols such as broadband cable access (typically DOCSIS ) or some form of DSL connecting the curb/cabinet and

2392-844: Is the number-one holder of GSM/GPRS/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA, and LTE essential patents. In 2023, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) ’s Annual PCT Review ranked Ericsson's number of patent applications published under the PCT System as 7th in the world, with 1,863 patent applications being published during 2023. Ericsson hosts a developer program called Ericsson Developer Connection designed to encourage development of applications and services. Ericsson also has an open innovation initiative for beta applications and beta API's & tools called Ericsson Labs. The company hosts several internal innovation competitions among its employees. In May 2022, it

2484-430: Is typically thought of as asymmetrical with a download speed of 24 Mbit/s plus and a fast upload speed. Ofcom have defined super-fast broadband as "broadband products that provide a maximum download speed that is greater than 24 Mbit/s  – this threshold is commonly considered to be the maximum speed that can be supported on current generation (copper-based) networks." A similar network called

2576-704: The Museum of Modern Art in New York with the Infobar, Talby and Neon models. Toshiba , Casio , Sanyo , Kyocera , Hitachi , Sony Ericsson , Sharp , and Panasonic have manufactured the other models. In March 2007, Media Skin started selling. KDDI announced that it would collaborate with the Taiwanese manufacturer HTC Corp. to sell the mobile phone HTC J in Japan starting May 2012. The HTC J mobile phone featured

2668-530: The Wallenberg family , and some Swedish government backing. Marcus Wallenberg Jr. negotiated a deal with several Swedish banks to rebuild Ericsson financially. The banks gradually increased their possession of LM Ericsson "A" shares, while International Telephone & Telegraph (ITT) was still the largest shareholder. In 1960, the Wallenberg family bought ITT's shares in Ericsson, and has since controlled

2760-556: The Wireless Strategic Initiative , a consortium of four telecommunications suppliers in Europe – Ericsson, Nokia , Alcatel (France) and Siemens (Germany) – to develop and test new prototypes for advanced wireless communications systems. Later that year, the consortium partners invited other companies to join them in a Wireless World Research Forum in 2001. In December 1999, Microsoft and Ericsson announced

2852-481: The "CDMA 1X WIN" brand, and revolutionized Japan's mobile telecommunication industry by introducing fixed rate data subscription plans at a data rate of 2.4 Mbit/s. In December 2006, au by KDDI became the first carrier to provide an EV-DO Rev A service at a data rate of 3.1Mbit/s (downlink), 1.8 Mbit/s (uplink). au by KDDI has been very successful with its EZ wireless data services, EZweb, EZweb@mail, EZappli, EZchakuuta, ezmovie, and EZnaviwalk ( GPS ), using

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2944-690: The 1990s, during the emergence of the Internet, Ericsson was regarded as slow to realize its potential and falling behind in the area of IP technology. But the company had established an Internet project in 1995 called Infocom Systems to exploit opportunities leading from fixed-line telecom and IT. CEO Lars Ramqvist wrote in the 1996 annual report that in all three of its business areas – Mobile Telephones and Terminals, Mobile Systems, and Infocom Systems – "we will expand our operations as they relate to customer service and Internet Protocol (IP) access (Internet and intranet access)". The growth of GSM , which became

3036-437: The 20th century are being replaced by fiber. FTTX is a generalization for several configurations of fiber deployment, arranged into two groups: FTTP/FTTH/FTTB (fiber laid all the way to the premises/home/building) and FTTC/N (fiber laid to the cabinet/node, with copper wires completing the connection). Residential areas already served by balanced pair distribution plant call for a trade-off between cost and capacity. The closer

3128-467: The AON. Each signal leaving the central office is directed only to the customer for whom it is intended. Incoming signals from the customers avoid colliding at the intersection because the powered equipment there provides buffering . Active Ethernet (a type of Ethernet in the first mile ) is a common AON, which uses optical Ethernet switches to distribute the signal, incorporating the customers' premises and

3220-654: The Android 4.0 operating system. On October 21, 2011, KDDI buys Content Delivery Network CDNetworks For $ 167 Million. KDDI together with Sumitomo Group signed an agreement with Myanmar State owned Myanmar Post and Telecommunication (MPT) in July 2014 to jointly operate a mobile phone service in Myanmar for next 10 years. Consumer showroom is set in Harajuku called, " KDDI Designing Studio ". TU-KA (TU-KA by KDDI),

3312-835: The Digital Services unit, there is an m-Commerce offering, which focuses on service providers and facilitates their working with financial institutions and intermediaries. Ericsson has announced m-commerce deals with Western Union and African wireless carrier MTN. The unit is active in 180 countries; it supplies managed services, systems integration, consulting, network rollout, design and optimization, broadcast services, learning services and support. The company also works with television and media, public safety, and utilities. Ericsson claims to manage networks that serve more than 1 billion subscribers worldwide, and to support customer networks that serve more than 2.5 billion subscribers. Ericsson's Broadcast Services unit

3404-541: The Fiber for Italy initiative, had an even more ambitious plan to bring fiber-to-the-home and fiber-to-the-business to 138 cities by 2018. By the end of December 2010, the total number of fiber-to-the-home enabled homes had passed 2.5 million, with more than 348,000 subscribers. ) In September 2010, the European Commission published a new "Recommendation for Regulated Access to NGA Networks" along with

3496-510: The GSM standard and began testing it in 1996. Japanese operator NTT Docomo signed deals to partner with Ericsson and Nokia , who came together in 1997 to support WCDMA over rival standards. DoCoMo was the first operator with a live 3G network, using its own version of WCDMA called FOMA . Ericsson was a significant developer of the WCDMA version of GSM, while US-based chip developer Qualcomm promoted

3588-417: The Internet using their telephones. Ericsson was working on ways to improve WCDMA as operators were buying and rolling it out; it was the first generation of 3G access. New advances included IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) and the next evolution of WCDMA, called High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA). It was initially deployed in the download version called HSDPA ; the technology spread from the first test calls in

3680-576: The Strategy and Technology Group of inCode, a North American business and consulting-services company; Nortel's majority shareholding (50% plus one share) in LG-Nortel, a joint venture between LG Electronics and Nortel Networks providing sales, R&D and industrial capacity in South Korea, now known as Ericsson -LG; further Nortel carrier-division assets, relating from Nortel's GSM business in

3772-607: The UK. The Nordic countries were also Ericsson customers; they were encouraged by the growth of telephone services in Sweden. Other countries and colonies were exposed to Ericsson products through the influence of their parent countries. These included Australia and New Zealand, which by the late 1890s were Ericsson's largest non-European markets. Mass production techniques were now firmly established; telephones were losing some of their ornate finish and decoration. Despite their successes elsewhere, Ericsson did not make significant sales in

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3864-623: The US in late 2005 to 59 commercial networks in September 2006. HSPA would provide the world's first mobile broadband. In July 2016, Hans Vestberg stepped down as Ericsson's CEO after heading the company for six years. Jan Frykhammar, who had been working for the company since 1991 stepped in as interim CEO while Ericsson searched for a full-time replacement. On 16 January 2017, following Ericsson's announcement on 26 October 2016, new CEO Börje Ekholm started and interim CEO Jan Frykhammar stepped down

3956-759: The United States and Canada; Optimi Corporation, a U.S.–Spanish telecommunications vendor specializing in network optimization and management; and Pride, a consulting and systems-integration company operating in Italy. In 2011, Ericsson acquired manufacturing and research facilities, and staff from the Guangdong Nortel Telecommunication Equipment Company (GDNT) as well as Nortel's Multiservice Switch business. Ericsson acquired U.S. company Telcordia Technologies in January 2012, an operations and business support systems (OSS/BSS) company. In March, Ericsson announced it

4048-1098: The United States, in Chattanooga , Tennessee , despite being conducted by power utility EPB , was FTTH rather than FTTC, reaching every subscriber in a 600-square-mile area. Monthly pricing of US$ 350 reflected this generally high cost of deployment. However, Chattanooga EPB has reduced the monthly pricing to US$ 70/month. Historically, both telephone and cable companies avoided hybrid networks using several different modes of transport from their point of presence into customer premises. The increased competitive cost pressure, availability of three different existing wire solutions, smart grid deployment requirements (as in Chattanooga), and better hybrid networking tools (with major vendors like Alcatel-Lucent and Qualcomm Atheros , and Wi-Fi solutions for edge networks , IEEE 1905 and IEEE 802.21 protocol efforts and SNMP improvements) all make FTTC deployments more likely in areas uneconomic to serve with FTTP/FTTH. In effect FTTC serves as

4140-527: The United States. AT&T ’s Western Electric Company (via the Bell System ), Kellogg and Automatic Electric dominated the market. Ericsson eventually sold its U.S. assets. Sales in Mexico led to inroads into South American countries. South Africa and China were also generating significant sales. With his company now multinational, Lars Ericsson stepped down from the company in 1901. Ericsson ignored

4232-408: The acquisition of Envivio , a software encoding company. In April 2016, Ericsson acquired Polish and Ukrainian operations of software development company Ericpol , a long-time supplier to Ericsson. Approximately 2,300 Ericpol employees joined Ericsson, bringing software development competence in radio, cloud, and IP. On 20 June 2017, Bloomberg disclosed that Ericsson hired Morgan Stanley to explore

4324-526: The advanced WAP technology. It supports both Java ME and BREW application environments. In November 2004 au by KDDI introduced the music include ringtone download service Chaku Uta Full (music ringtone full), for download of full length songs to mobile phones. Within six months from introduction, on June 15, 2005, customers had downloaded 10 million full length Chaku Uta Full songs. As of end of June 2005, au by KDDI has 20,122,700 customers, among which 18,723,200 (93%) are 3G CDMA2000 subscribers. It

4416-473: The alternative system CDMA2000 , building on the popularity of CDMA in the US market. This resulted in a patent infringement lawsuit that was resolved in March 1999 when the two companies agreed to pay each other royalties for the use of their respective technologies and Ericsson purchased Qualcomm's wireless infrastructure business and some R&D resources. Ericsson issued a profit warning in March 2001. Over

4508-543: The building can offer the highest speeds since the remaining segments can use standard Ethernet or coaxial cable. Fiber is often said to be "future-proof" because the data rate of the connection is usually limited by the terminal equipment rather than the fiber, permitting substantial speed improvements by equipment upgrades before the fiber itself must be upgraded. Still, the type and length of employed fibers chosen, e.g. multimode vs. single-mode, are critical for applicability for future connections of over 1 Gbit/s . With

4600-434: The cabinet is usually less than one mile in radius and can contain several hundred customers. FTTN allows delivery of broadband services such as high-speed internet. High-speed communications protocols such as broadband cable access (typically DOCSIS ) or some form of digital subscriber line (DSL) are used between the cabinet and the customers. Data rates vary according to the exact protocol used and according to how close

4692-458: The central office into a large switched Ethernet network. Ethernet in the first mile deployments follow a point to point or star network topology and are often based on Fast Ethernet speeds of up to 100 Mbit/s . Such networks are identical to Ethernet computer networks used in businesses and academic institutions, except that their purpose is to connect homes and buildings to a central office rather than to connect computers and printers within

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4784-405: The central office is actually shared by many customers. It is not until such a fiber gets relatively close to the customers that it is split into individual customer-specific fibers. AONs and PONs both achieve this split. AONs rely on electrically powered network equipment to distribute the signal, such as a switch or router . Normally, signals need an optical-electrical-optical transformation in

4876-719: The coming year, sales to operators halved. Mobile telephones became a burden; the company's telephones unit made a loss of SEK 24 billion in 2000. A fire in a Philips chip factory in New Mexico in March 2000 caused severe disruption to Ericsson's phone production, dealing a coup de grâce to Ericsson's mobile phone hopes. Mobile phones would be spun off into a joint venture with Sony, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications, in October 2001. Ericsson launched several rounds of restructuring, refinancing and job-cutting; during 2001, staff numbers fell from 107,000 to 85,000. A further 20,000 went

4968-511: The common form of Gigabit Ethernet ( 1 Gbit/s ) runs over relatively economical category 5e , category 6 or 6A unshielded twisted-pair copper cabling but only to 100 m (300 ft). However, 1 Gbit/s Ethernet over fiber can easily reach tens of kilometers. Therefore, FTTP has been selected by every major communications provider in the world to carry data over long 1 Gbit/s symmetrical connections directly to consumer homes. FTTP configurations that bring fiber directly into

5060-690: The company appointed Michael Wallis-Brown as vice president responsible for global mobile financial services. As of 2016 , members of the board of directors of LM Ericsson were: Leif Johansson , Jacob Wallenberg , Kristin S. Rinne, Helena Stjernholm, Sukhinder Singh Cassidy, Börje Ekholm, Ulf J. Johansson, Mikael Lännqvist, Zlatko Hadzic, Kjell-Åke Soting, Nora Denzel, Kristin Skogen Lund, Pehr Claesson, Karin Åberg and Roger Svensson. Ericsson has structured its R&D in three levels depending on when products or technologies will be introduced to customers and users. Its research and development organization

5152-477: The company by acquiring most of the shares. Wincrantz was partly funded by Ivar Kreuger , an international financier. The company was renamed Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson . Kreuger started showing interest in the company, being a major owner of Wincrantz holding companies. Ericsson was saved from bankruptcy and closure with the help of banks including Stockholms Enskilda Bank (now Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken ) and other Swedish investment banks controlled by

5244-501: The company to Saab Microwave Systems . In 2007, Ericsson acquired carrier edge-router maker Redback Networks , and then Entrisphere, a US-based company providing fiber-access technology. In September 2007, Ericsson acquired an 84% interest in German customer-care and billing software firm LHS , a stake later raised to 100%. In 2008, Ericsson sold its enterprise PBX division to Aastra Technologies , and acquired Tandberg Television ,

5336-501: The company's financial results. The parties agreed on a $ 4.4 million settlement in 2006. Fiber to the x Fiber to the x ( FTTX ; also spelled "fibre") or fiber in the loop is a generic term for any broadband network architecture using optical fiber to provide all or part of the local loop used for last mile telecommunications . As fiber optic cables are able to carry much more data than copper cables, especially over long distances, copper telephone networks built in

5428-423: The company. In the 1920s and 1930s, the world telephone markets were being organized and stabilized by many governments. The fragmented town-by-town systems serviced by small, private companies that had evolved were integrated and offered for lease to a single company. Ericsson obtained some leases, which represented further sales of equipment to the growing networks. Ericsson got almost one-third of its sales under

5520-924: The control of Ericsson, after the fall of the Kreuger empire in the early 1930s. Ericsson is the inventor of Bluetooth technology. Lars Magnus Ericsson began his association with telephones in his youth as an instrument maker. He worked for a firm that made telegraph equipment for the Swedish government agency Telegrafverket . In 1876, at the age of 30, he started a telegraph repair shop with help from his friend Carl Johan Andersson in central Stockholm and repaired foreign-made telephones. In 1878, Ericsson began making and selling his own telephone equipment. His telephones were not technically innovative. In 1878, he agreed to supply telephones and switchboards to Sweden's first telecommunications operating company, Stockholms Allmänna Telefonaktiebolag. As production grew in

5612-560: The control of its telephone operating companies. Ericsson introduced the world's first fully automatic mobile telephone system, MTA , in 1956. It released one of the world's first hands-free speaker telephones in the 1960s. In 1954, it released the Ericofon . Ericsson crossbar switching equipment was used in telephone administrations in many countries. In 1983 the company introduced the ERIPAX suite of network products and services. In

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5704-630: The cost of running fiber that can vary widely with geography and building type. In the United States and Canada, the largest deployment of FTTC was carried out by BellSouth Telecommunications . With the acquisition of BellSouth by AT&T , deployment of FTTC will end. Future deployments will be based on either FTTN or FTTP. Existing FTTC plant may be removed and replaced with FTTP. Verizon , meanwhile, announced in March 2010 they were winding down Verizon FiOS expansion, concentrating on completing their network in areas that already had FiOS franchises but were not deploying to new areas, suggesting that FTTH

5796-659: The creation of the mobile phone manufacturing joint venture: Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications . Ten years later, in February 2012, Ericsson sold its stake in the joint venture; Ericsson said it wanted to focus on the global wireless market as a whole. Lower stock prices and job losses affected many telecommunications companies in 2001. The major equipment manufacturers – Motorola (U.S.), Lucent Technologies (U.S.), Cisco Systems (U.S.), Marconi (UK), Siemens (Germany), Nokia (Finland), as well as Ericsson – all announced job cuts in their home countries and subsidiaries around

5888-435: The customer is to the cabinet. Unlike FTTP, FTTN often uses existing coaxial or twisted-pair infrastructure to provide last mile service and is thus less costly to deploy. In the long term, however, its bandwidth potential is limited relative to implementations that bring the fiber still closer to the subscriber. A variant of this technique for cable television providers is used in a hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) system. It

5980-421: The customer premises equipment would be described as FTTC. Fiber to the node or neighborhood (FTTN), sometimes identified with and sometimes distinguished from fiber to the cabinet (FTTC), is a telecommunication architecture based on fiber-optic cables run to a cabinet serving a neighborhood. Customers typically connect to this cabinet using traditional coaxial cable or twisted pair wiring. The area served by

6072-602: The customers. In these protocols, the data rates vary according to the exact protocol used and according to how close the customer is to the cabinet. Where it is feasible to run new cable, both fiber and copper Ethernet are capable of connecting the "curb" with a full 100 Mbit/s or 1 Gbit/s connection. Even using relatively cheap outdoor category 5 copper over hundreds of meters, all Ethernet protocols including power over Ethernet (PoE) are supported . Most fixed wireless technologies rely on PoE, including Motorola Canopy , which has low-power radios capable of running on

6164-407: The distance exceeds 100 m (300 ft). Fiber to the premises (FTTP) is a form of fiber-optic communication delivery in which an optical fiber is run in an optical distribution network from the central office all the way to the premises occupied by the subscriber. The term "FTTP" has become ambiguous and may also refer to FTTC where the fiber terminates at a utility pole without reaching

6256-455: The existing GSM network, in a form known as GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), but these services, known as 2.5G, were fairly rudimentary and did not achieve much mass-market success. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) had prepared the specifications for a 3G mobile service that included several technologies. Ericsson pushed hard for the WCDMA (wideband CDMA ) form based on

6348-404: The fiber head, the higher the cost of construction and the higher the channel capacity. In places not served by metallic facilities, little cost is saved by not running fiber to the home. Fiber to the x is the key method used to drive next-generation access ( NGA ), which describes a significant upgrade to the broadband available by making a step change in speed and quality of the service. This

6440-609: The following day. In June 2018, Ericsson, Inc. and Ericsson AB have agreed to pay $ 145,893 to settle potential civil liability for an apparent violation of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and the Sudanese Sanctions Regulations, 31 C.F.R. part 538 (SSR).1 Around 2000, companies and governments began to push for standards for mobile Internet. In May 2000, the European Commission created

6532-435: The growth of automatic telephony in the United States and concentrated on manual exchange designs. Their first dial telephone was produced in 1921, although sales of the early automatic switching systems were slow until the equipment had proven itself on the world's markets. Telephones of this period had a simpler design and finish, and many of the early automatic desk telephones in Ericsson's catalogues were magneto styles with

6624-521: The late 1890s, and the Swedish market seemed to be reaching saturation, Ericsson expanded into foreign markets through a number of agents. The UK ( Ericsson Telephones Ltd. ) and Russia were early markets, where factories were later established to improve the chances of gaining local contracts and augment the output of the Swedish factory. In the UK, the National Telephone Company was a major customer; by 1897 sold 28% of its output in

6716-476: The moment it leaves the ISP's facilities until it reaches the customer, many ISPs prefer this technology. The downstream signal coming from the central office is broadcast to each customer premises sharing a fiber. Encryption is used to prevent eavesdropping. Upstream signals are combined using a multiple-access protocol, usually time-division multiple access (TDMA). Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)

6808-437: The next year, and 11,000 more in 2003. A new rights issue raised SEK 30 billion to keep the company afloat. The company had survived as mobile Internet started growing. With record profits, it was in better shape than many of its competitors. The emergence of full mobile Internet began a period of growth for the global telecom industry, including Ericsson. After the launch of 3G services in 2003, people started to access

6900-421: The premises. Fiber to the premises can be categorized according to where the optical fiber ends: An apartment building may provide an example of the distinction between FTTH and FTTB. If a fiber is run to a panel inside each subscriber's apartment unit, it is FTTH. If instead, the fiber goes only as far as the apartment building's shared electrical room (either only to the ground floor or to each floor), it

6992-403: The provider. A passive optical network (PON) is a point-to-multipoint FTTP network architecture in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve up to 128 customers. A PON reduces the fiber and central office equipment required compared with point-to-point architecture. Because of this, and because it needs no powered splitters or other active components from

7084-576: The rising popularity of high-definition , on-demand video streaming applications and devices such as YouTube , Netflix , Roku , and Facebook LIVE , the demand for reliable bandwidth is crucial as more and more people begin to utilize these services. FTTC (where fiber transitions to copper in a street cabinet) is generally too far from the users for standard Ethernet configurations over existing copper cabling. They generally use very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line (VDSL) at downstream rates of 80 Mbit/s , but this falls extremely quickly when

7176-1119: The sale of its media businesses. The Red Bee Media business was kept in-house as an independent subsidiary company, as no suitable buyer was found, but a 51% stake of the remainder of the Media Solution division was sold to private equity firm One Equity Partners, the new company being named MediaKind. The transaction was completed on 31 January 2019. In February 2018, Ericsson acquired the location-based mobile data management platform Placecast. Ericsson has since integrated Placecast's platform and capabilities with its programmatic mobile ad subsidiary, Emodo . In May 2018, SoftBank partnered with Ericsson to trial new radio technology. In September 2020, Ericsson acquired US-based carrier equipment manufacturer Cradlepoint for $ 1.1 billion. In November 2021, Ericsson announced it had reached an agreement to acquire Vonage for $ 6.2 billion. The acquisition completed in July 2022. In January 2024, Ericson and MTN Group announced expansion of their partnership to boost their mobile financial services on Africa market, as

7268-491: The sixth-largest semiconductor supplier and a subsidiary of Siemens ) bought Ericsson's microelectronics unit for $ 400 million. Ericsson was an official backer in the 2005 launch of the .mobi top-level domain created specifically for the mobile internet . Co-operation with Hewlett-Packard did not end with EHPT ; in 2003 Ericsson outsourced its IT to HP, which included Managed Services, Help Desk Support, Data Center Operations, and HP Utility Data Center. The contract

7360-530: The television technology division of Norwegian company Tandberg . == In 2009, Ericsson bought the CDMA2000 and LTE business of Nortel 's carrier networks division for US$ 1.18 billion; Bizitek, a Turkish business support systems integrator; the Estonian manufacturing operations of electronic manufacturing company Elcoteq ; and completed its acquisition of LHS. Acquisitions in 2010 included assets from

7452-399: The three FTTH Councils of Europe, North America, and Asia-Pacific agreed upon definitions for FTTH and FTTB in 2006, with an update in 2009, 2011 and another in 2015. The FTTH Councils do not have formal definitions for FTTC and FTTN. While fiber optic cables can carry data at high speeds over long distances, copper cables used in traditional telephone lines and ADSL cannot. For example,

7544-472: The world's largest semiconductor chip manufacturer, signed a $ 1.5 billion deal to supply flash memory to Ericsson over the next three years. The short-lived partnership, called Ericsson Microsoft Mobile Venture, owned 70/30 percent by Ericsson and Microsoft respectively, ended in October 2001 when Ericsson announced it would absorb the former joint venture and adopt a licensing agreement with Microsoft instead. The same month, Ericsson and Sony announced

7636-499: The world. Ericsson's workforce worldwide fell during 2001 from 107,000 to 85,000. In September 2001, Ericsson purchased the remaining shares in EHPT from Hewlett-Packard . Founded in 1993, Ericsson Hewlett Packard Telecom (EHPT) was a joint venture made up of 60% Ericsson interests and 40% Hewlett-Packard interests. In 2002, ICT investor losses topped $ 2 trillion and share prices fell by 95% until August that year. More than half

7728-468: Was a joint venture with Sony that merged the previous mobile telephone operations of both companies. It manufactured mobile telephones, accessories and personal computer (PC) cards. Sony Ericsson was responsible for product design and development, marketing, sales, distribution and customer services. On 16 February 2012, Sony announced it had completed the full acquisition of Sony Ericsson, after which it changed name to Sony Mobile Communications, and nearly

7820-1228: Was announced that Ericsson and Intel are pooling R&D excellence to create high-performing Cloud RAN solutions. The organisations have pooled to launch a tech hub in California, USA. The hub focuses on the benefits that Ericsson Cloud RAN and Intel technology can bring to: improving energy efficiency and network performance, reducing time to market, and monetizing new business opportunities such as enterprise applications. Ericsson's business includes technology research, development, network systems and software development, and running operations for telecom service providers. and software Ericsson offers end-to-end services for all major mobile communication standards, and has three main business units. Business Area Networks, previously called Business Unit Networks, develop network infrastructure for communication needs over mobile and fixed connections . Its products include radio base stations, radio network controllers , mobile switching centers and service application nodes . Operators use Ericsson products to migrate from 2G to 3G and, most recently, to 4G networks. The company's network division has been described as

7912-471: Was buying the broadcast-services division of Technicolor , a media broadcast technology company. In April 2012 Ericsson completed the acquisition of BelAir Networks a strong Wi-Fi network technology company. On 3 May 2013, Ericsson announced it would divest its power cable operations to Danish company NKT Holding . On 1 July 2013, Ericsson announced it would acquire the media management company Red Bee Media , subject to regulatory approval. The acquisition

8004-577: Was completed on 9 May 2014. In September 2013, Ericsson completed its acquisition of Microsoft's Mediaroom business and televisions services, originally announced in April the same year. The acquisition makes Ericsson the largest provider of IPTV and multi-screen services in the world, by market share; it was renamed Ericsson Mediaroom . In September 2014, Ericsson acquired majority stake in Apcera for cloud policy compliance. In October 2015, Ericsson completed

8096-561: Was evolved into a unit called Red Bee Media , which has been spun out into a joint venture. It deals with the playout of live and pre-recorded, commercial and public service television programmes, including presentation (continuity announcements), trailers , and ancillary access services such as closed-caption subtitles , audio description and in-vision sign language interpreters. Its media management services consist of Managed Media Preparation and Managed Media Internet Delivery. Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB (Sony Ericsson)

8188-456: Was extended in 2008. In October 2005, Ericsson acquired the bulk of the troubled UK telecommunications manufacturer Marconi Company , including its brand name that dates back to the creation of the original Marconi Company by the "father of radio" Guglielmo Marconi . In September 2006, Ericsson sold the greater part of its defense business Ericsson Microwave Systems , which mainly produced sensor and radar systems, to Saab AB , which renamed

8280-578: Was handled by a residential gateway provided by Advanced Digital Broadcast inside a subscriber's home to be shared with other consumer electronics (CE) devices. Since 2007, Italian access providers Fastweb , Vodafone , and Wind participated in an initiative called Fiber for Italy, with the aim of creating a countrywide fiber-to-the-home network in Italy. The pilot taking place in the Italian capital, Rome, has seen symmetrical bandwidth of 100 Mbit/s . Telecom Italia, which refused to take part in

8372-650: Was joining forces with five other global companies, including Google to build a 60 Tbit/s undersea data transmission cable linking the United States West Coast and Japan. The cable started operation in June 2016. KDDI and Ericsson began working together in December 2015 in order to research and develop 5G technology. In 2003, several class action complaints were filed against DDI for misrepresenting and/or failing to disclose material facts about

8464-427: Was uneconomic beyond these areas. Verizon also announced (at CES 2010) its entry into the smart home and power utility data management arenas, indicating it was considering using P1901-based FTTC or some other existing-wire approach to reach into homes, and access additional revenues from the secure AES-128 bandwidth required for advanced metering infrastructure . However, the largest 1 Gbit/s deployment in

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