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51-436: Due to the wheeled chassis and machine gun armament, the tgb m/42 KP is often called an armoured personnel carrier . This is terminologically incorrect, as the vehicle was purpose built as a first generation infantry fighting vehicle, intended to carry a designated pansarskytte squad in and out of battle, and during battle as a protected firing position, so called mounted combat, with the ability to off-load troops depending on

102-497: A PTO winch, controlled via the car's transmission , a secondary clutch maybe used so the vehicle does not need to be moving while winching. Some winches are powered by the pressure generated in the hydraulic steering system . The high lift jack or come-along is used for manual winching. Gliders are often launched using a winch mounted on a trailer or heavy vehicle. This method is widely used at many European gliding clubs, as an inexpensive alternative to aerotowing. The engine

153-494: A solenoid brake and/or a mechanical brake or ratchet and pawl which prevents it unwinding unless the pawl is retracted. The rope may be stored on the winch. When trimming a line on a sailboat , the crew member turns the winch handle with one hand, while tailing (pulling on the loose tail end) with the other to maintain tension on the turns. Some winches have a "stripper" or cleat to maintain tension. These are known as "self-tailing" winches. The earliest literary reference to

204-541: A spool (or drum) attached to a hand crank . Traditionally, winches on ships accumulated wire or rope on the drum; those that do not accumulate, and instead pass on the wire/rope (see yacht photo above), are called capstans . Despite this, sailboat capstans are most often referred to as winches. Winches are the basis of such machines as tow trucks , steam shovels and elevators . More complex designs have gear assemblies and can be powered by electric, hydraulic , pneumatic or internal combustion drives. It might include

255-452: A Mk 19 grenade launcher) are in fully enclosed turrets (turrets typically have optics which make them more accurate). More recently, APCs have been equipped with remote weapon systems . The baseline Stryker carries an M2 on a Protector remote weapons system. APCs may be used as armoured ambulances , to conduct evacuations of wounded personnel. These vehicles are equipped with stretchers and medical supplies. According to article 19 of

306-413: A conventional truck in many jurisdictions is the presence of a winch, which is used to either extract disabled or immobilized vehicles, or to load them onto flatbed/tilt and load type tow trucks. These may be electrically or hydraulically powered from a power take-off , and is wound with a wire cable and equipped with a hook. Snatch blocks may be used to change direction or increase the pulling power and

357-452: A fixed winch on the right side for towing the vehicle forward. The Scania-Vabis, SKP, had a windlass on the left side , which allowed towing both forwards and backwards. The first approved delivery was made in 1944, after some 38 vehicles had been failed due to tensions caused by welding the hardened steel . This was rectified by switching to a soft-hardened steel and then heating the completed body-work in purpose-built ovens to remove

408-517: A rule, is armed with an integral or organic weapon of less than 20 millimetres calibre." Compared to infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), which are also used to carry infantry into battle, APCs have less armament and are not designed to provide direct fire support in battle. Infantry units that travel in APCs are known as mechanized infantry . Some militaries also make a distinction between infantry units that use APCs and infantry units that use IFVs, with

459-451: A transmission. Lever winches are winches that use self-gripping jaws instead of spools to move rope or wire through the winch. Powered by moving a handle back and forth, they allow one person to move objects several tons in weight. This is a vertical spool with a ratchet mechanism similar to a conventional winch, but with no crank handle or other form of drive. The line is wrapped around the spool and can be tightened or reeled in by pulling

510-531: A variety of specialized hooks may be attached to the main hook, including hooks which attach to specific parts of the car. J-hooks, which look somewhat like blunt meat hooks are used to hook around axles. Mini-J hooks can be used if there is a tow loop provided, and R and T hooks are designed to hook into slots cut by the manufacturer in the underside of the frame on many cars. Axle straps may also be used, when there are few other places to attach. Off-road vehicles may be equipped with recovery tools such as winches on

561-533: A whole were produced in large numbers. Czechoslovakia and Poland together developed the universal amphibious OT-64 SKOT . The BMP series is termed as infantry fighting vehicles , but it has a designed role of carrying troops to the battlefield. The BMP-1 , 2 , and 3 all possess the ability to transport troops. By convention, armoured personnel carriers are not intended to take part in direct-fire battle, but are armed for self-defence and armoured to provide protection from shrapnel and small arms fire. An APC

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612-664: A winch can be found in the account of Herodotus of Halicarnassus on the Persian Wars ( Histories 7.36), where he describes how wooden winches were used to tighten the cables for a pontoon bridge across the Hellespont in 480 BCE. Winches may have been employed even earlier in Assyria . By the 4th century BCE, winch and pulley hoists were regarded by Aristotle as common for architectural use ( Mech . 18; 853b10-13). The yacht Reliance , American defender of

663-516: Is a broad type of armoured military vehicle designed to transport personnel and equipment in combat zones. Since World War I , APCs have become a very common piece of military equipment around the world. According to the definition in the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe , an APC is "an armoured combat vehicle which is designed and equipped to transport a combat infantry squad and which, as

714-420: Is either wheeled or tracked , or occasionally a combination of the two, as in a half-track . Wheeled vehicles are typically faster on road and less expensive, however have higher ground pressure which decreases mobility offroad and makes them more likely to become stuck in soft terrains such as mud, snow or sand. Tracked vehicles typically have lower ground pressure and more maneuverability off-road. Due to

765-423: Is made of cable made up of a braided synthetic rope, or a steel cable wrapped around a motorized drum. Each is controlled electronically, allowing the operator to control the winch speed. Modern vehicles typically use electric winches running off the car's 12V starter or 24V secondary battery. The winch is either controlled with a detachable cable, a button inside the car or wireless remote. Older vehicles may have

816-789: Is the heavily armoured Israeli Achzarit , converted from captured T-55s tanks, the concept culminating in the Namer . Meanwhile, the Warsaw Pact developed their own versions of the APC. The Soviet Union termed theirs the Bronetransporter ( Russian : бронетранспортер ), better known as the BTR series. It comprised the BTR-40 , BTR-152 , BTR-60 , BTR-70 , BTR-80 , and the BTR-90 , which as

867-481: Is usually a gas/petrol, LPG or diesel , though hydraulic fluid engines and electrical motors are also used. The winch pulls in 1,000 to 1,600 m (3,300 to 5,200 ft) of high-tensile steel wire or a synthetic fibre cable, attached at the other end to the glider. The cable is released at a height of about 400 to 700 m (1,300 to 2,300 ft) after a short, steep climb. Search and Rescue helicopters are often equipped with winches to avoid having to get

918-410: The 6.5×55mm m/94 rifle cartridge, depending on the barrel fitted. In 1956, the existing vehicles received new armament in the form of twin ksp m/36 lv dbl (luftvärn dubbel) anti-aircraft machine guns in a rotating ring-mount on the cabin roof. These could also fire the 8 mm m/32 and 6.5 mm m/94 rounds depending on the barrel. Post 1972, they could fire the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge. During

969-508: The Cold War , more specialized APCs were developed. The United States introduced a series of them, including successors to the wartime Landing Vehicle Tracked . The most numerous was the M113 armored personnel carrier , of which more than 80,000 were produced. Western nations have since retired most M113s, replacing them with newer APCs, many of these wheeled. A cold war example of a "Kangaroo"

1020-880: The Congo Crisis in the 1961–1964 period, while the VKPF was kept for domestic use. 15 SKPFs were also bought by the UN and used by the Indian and Irish battalions in Congo. After a number of KP gunners in Congo were shot in the waist, armour plating to cover the gap between the roof and the machine gun ring was added in sito. A few left-behind UN SKPFs were reconditioned and used by the Congolese Army in 1964–65. SKPFs were deployed by United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus during

1071-669: The Geneva Conventions , "mobile medical units of the Medical Service may in no circumstances be attacked, but shall at all times be respected and protected by the Parties to the conflict". Although article 22 allows them to carry defensive weaponry, they are typically unarmed. Under Article 39, the emblem of the medical service "shall be displayed ... on all equipment employed in the Medical Service." As such, armoured ambulances are marked with International Committee of

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1122-455: The KPV , PKT and NSV machine guns are common options. In "open top" mounts the gunner sticks out of the vehicle and operates a gun on a pintle or ring mount. Ring mounts allow the gun to traverse 360 degrees, a pintle mount has a limited field of fire. It can be preferable to an enclosed gunner because it allows a greater field of view and communication using shouts and hand signals. However,

1173-501: The intercommunal violence in 1964 , some being donated to the UN forces there. After the collapse of the Soviet Union , Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania received 10 SKPF each, for a total of 30, some being modified to mount a 12.7 mm DShK M heavy machine gun over the cabin. REMO = Renovation, Modifikation: 223 total (Scania KP only). Armoured personnel carrier An armoured personnel carrier ( APC )

1224-409: The 1903 America's Cup , was the first racing boat to be fitted with modern winches below decks. The Reliance's competitors relied on muscle power using topside mounted capstans and windlasses , which would soon be replaced in most applications by winches, including on fishing boats , where they are used to bring in the fishing nets . The main feature that legally distinguishes a tow truck from

1275-401: The 1983 REMO-upgrade, the ksp m/36 twin-mount was replaced with two 7.62 mm ksp m/58B light machine guns in single mounts, one on the cabin roof and one at the back of the new troop compartment roof. The new enclosed compartment featured three portholes on each side of the vehicle for use as firing ports with assault rifles. In 1941, when tanks were organised into a unit of their own, it

1326-538: The American M3 and German Sd.Kfz. 251 played a role similar to post-war APCs. British Commonwealth forces relied on the full-tracked Universal Carrier . Over the course of the war, APCs evolved from simple armoured cars with transport capacity to purpose-built vehicles. Obsolete armoured vehicles were also repurposed as APCs, such as the various " Kangaroos " converted from M7 Priest self-propelled guns and from Churchill , M3 Stuart and Ram tanks . During

1377-487: The French VAB . Armoured personnel carriers are designed primarily for transport and are lightly armed. They may be unarmed, or armed with some combination of light , general-purpose , heavy machine guns, or automatic grenade launchers . In Western nations, APCs are frequently armed with the .50 calibre M2 Browning machine gun , 7.62mm FN MAG , or 40mm Mk 19 grenade launcher . In former Eastern bloc nations,

1428-585: The German Sd.Kfz. 251 IFV, featuring a similarly shaped cabin front and a troop door at the back. The cabin front was altered and the back door removed on the service models. After prototyping, production was set up based on two types of truck chassis, a Volvo chassis and a Scania-Vabis chassis. The armour-plates were made by Bofors , Landsverk , Bröderna Hedlund and Karlstads Mekaniska Werkstad and then delivered to Volvo or Scania-Vabis for final assembly on their chassis'. The Volvo versions, Tgb m/42 VKP had

1479-549: The Israeli IDF Namer has as much armour as Merkava main battle tank . Armour is usually composed of steel or aluminium . They will also use ballistic glass . Many APCs are equipped with CBRN protection, which is intended to provide protection from weapons of mass destruction like poison gas and radioactive/nuclear weapons. Generally APCs will be lighter and less armoured than tanks or IFVs, often being open topped and featuring doors and windows, as seen in

1530-510: The Red Cross ( ICRC ) recognized symbols . The infantry fighting vehicle is a derivative of the APC. Various classes of infantry fighting vehicles may be deployed alongside tanks and APCs, in armoured and mechanized forces. The fundamental difference between an APC and IFV is the role they are designed for. The CFE treaty stipulates an infantry fighting vehicle is an APC with a cannon in excess of 20 mm, and with this additional firepower

1581-416: The boarder in at a speed ranging from 25 to 40 kilometres per hour (16 to 25 mph). The winch may be mounted to a vehicle, set into the ground by stakes, or tied to a tree. The cable may also be run through pulleys mounted offshore so that it pulls the person away from where the winch is located, and multiple pulleys may be used to multiply the force applied by a small but high revving motor instead of using

Terrängbil m/42 KP - Misplaced Pages Continue

1632-443: The cabin and the back. In 1983, most remaining vehicles were updated with a new fully enclosed troop compartment with firing ports and a back door for fast disembarkment. While always intended for fixed armament, featuring a round hatch sized hole on the cabin roof, the vehicles initially lacked any permanent weapons, and the cabin roof hole was often bolted over with a metal plate. Instead the vehicles were outfitted with storage for

1683-491: The front and back bumpers, usually mounted to a winch bar or frame mounted metal bumper. Less commonly it is mounted on a specialised metal plate "hidden winch mount" behind the vehicle's stock bumper, this is referred to as a "hidden winch" as the hook and fairlead hides behind a flip-up front number plate, the winch itself is not visible. The snubbing winch is used to pull vehicles out of mud, snow, sand, rocks, and water, and to pull vehicles through or over obstacles. The winch

1734-566: The gunner is poorly protected and at risk of injury in the event of vehicle rollover. During the Vietnam War , M113 gunners often suffered heavy casualties. Enclosed vehicles are equipped with turrets that allow the crew to operate the weapons system while protected by the vehicle's armour. The Soviet BTR-60 has an enclosed turret mounted with a KPV heavy machine gun with a PKT coaxial machine gun. The U.S. Assault Amphibious Vehicle, Personnel ( AAVP7 's) machine guns (an M2, .50 caliber MG and

1785-412: The helicopter dangerously close to obstacles, or into ocean troughs, allowing rescue teams to be lowered and evacuees to be extricated while the helicopter hovers overhead. Helicopter winches are also used for heli-logging and for airlifting oversized cargo, such as vehicles and other aircraft, although the winch in these cases is only used to reduce the hazards to flying with a loose cable hanging below

1836-775: The helicopter. Stationary balloons, such as the barrage balloons used during the Second World War to discourage marauding aircraft, and the Kite balloons used during the First World War for artillery spotting are usually tethered with a winch, which can be used to lower the balloon, either to relocate it, or to bring it down quickly to prevent it being shot down by enemy aircraft. Larger man carrying kites often used winches to raise and lower them. Towed gunnery targets, used to train anti-aircraft gunners , and both fighter pilots and aircraft gunners, are run out behind

1887-528: The infantry following—who were needed to consolidate the territory acquired—still faced small arms and artillery fire. Without infantry support, the tanks were isolated and more easily destroyed. In response, the British experimented with carrying machine-gun crews in the Mark V* tank , but it was found that the conditions inside the tanks rendered the men unfit for combat. During World War II, half-tracks like

1938-552: The integrity of the hull and folding down a trim vane in front. Water traverse speed varies greatly between vehicles and is much less than ground speed. The maximum swim speed of the M113 is 3.6 mph (5.8 km/h), about 10% its road speed, and the AAVP-7 can swim at 8.2 mph (13.2 km/h). Armoured personnel carriers are typically designed to protect against small arms and artillery fire. Some designs have more protection;

1989-631: The latter being known as armoured infantry. One of the first armored vehicles to be used in combat was the Spanish Schneider-Brillié , which saw action in Morocco. It was built from the chassis of a Schneider P2-4000 bus and could carry 12 passengers. The genesis of the armoured personnel carrier was on the Western Front of World War I. In the later stage of the war, Allied tanks could break through enemy trenches , but

2040-443: The limited service life of their treads , and the wear they cause on roads, tracked vehicles are typically transported over long distances by rail or trucks . Many APCs are amphibious , meaning they are able to traverse bodies of water. To move in water they will often have propellers or water jets , be propelled by their tracks, or driving on the river bed. Preparing the APC to operate amphibiously usually comprises checking

2091-547: The roof or sides of the vehicle. Many feature a remote weapon system . Usually four-wheel drive, these IMVs are distinct from 8-, 6-, and 4-wheeled APCs (such as the VAB ), being closer in appearance to civilian armoured money and gold transporters . Winch A winch is a mechanical device that is used to pull in (wind up) or let out (wind out) or otherwise adjust the tension of a rope or wire rope (also called "cable" or "wire cable"). In its simplest form, it consists of

Terrängbil m/42 KP - Misplaced Pages Continue

2142-577: The situation, so called dismounted combat, — see the Panzergrenadier -article for more information on this doctrine. Two base variants existed based on the chassis: a Scania -chassis-based variant, designated the "tgb m/42 SKP" (Scania KP), and a Volvo -chassis-based variant, designated the "tgb m/42 VKP" (Volvo KP). The armoured body featured 8 to 20 mm (0.31 in to 0.79 in) thick welded sloped armour all around, making it effectively bullet proof . For disembarking and boarding,

2193-403: The stage floor and used to move large set pieces on and off. Wakeskate winching is a sport where a person on a waterski or snowboard is propelled across the water with a winch. The winch consists of a gas-powered engine, spool, rope, frame, and sometimes a simple transmission. The person being towed walks (or swims) away from the winch, while extending the rope. When the winch is engaged, it pulls

2244-473: The tail line. The winch takes the load once the pull is stopped with little operator tension needed to hold it. These also allow controlled release of the tension by the operator using the friction of the line around the ratcheted spool. They are used on small sailing boats and dinghies to control sheets and other lines, and in larger applications to supplement and relieve tension on the primary winches. An air winch, sometimes known as an air hoist or air tugger,

2295-495: The target tug aircraft for practice, and winched in for take-off and landing. Before advances were made in antennas in the 1950s, radio aerials were quite long, and needed to be winched out for use, and winched back in for landing. Failure to do so would then damage the aerial, as happened to Amelia Earhart on one of the legs of her last flight. Winches are frequently used as elements of backstage mechanics to move scenery in large theatrical productions. They are often embedded in

2346-500: The tensions. During the 1950s the vehicles were modified with a ring-mounting for a double machine gun on the cab roof and at that time the designations changed to Tgb m/42 VKPF and SKPF (F = Fordonsluftvärn, or vehicular anti-aircraft). In 1983, many surviving SKPFs of the Swedish Army were modified with armoured roofs and in many other ways, resulting in several new versions. The SKPF saw combat with Swedish UN forces during

2397-427: The troop compartment had an armored hatch on each lower side of the vehicle, right in front of the rear axle wheels. The troop compartment originally lacked a fixed roof and had partially open sides meant for the infantry to shoot from as part of its infantry fighting vehicle role. Instead of a fixed roof, the back end of the body had full height sides so a tarpaulin could be fitted over the troop compartment between

2448-402: The uparmoured M1114 HMMWV is a clear example of this. The addition of armour provides protection to passengers. M1114s have been largely replaced by purpose-built Mine Resistant Ambush Protected ( MRAP ) vehicles. IMVs generally feature a v-shaped underbelly designed to deflect mine blasts outwards, with additional crew protection features such as four-point seat belts, and seats suspended from

2499-535: The vehicle is more involved in combat, providing fire support to dismounted infantry. "Infantry mobility vehicle" (IMV) is a new name for the old concept of an armoured car, with an emphasis on mine resistance. They are primarily used to protect passengers in unconventional warfare . The South African Casspir was first built in the late 1970s. In the 21st century, they gained favour in the post-Cold-War geopolitical climate. Identical to earlier High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) in design and function,

2550-426: The weaponry, munition and equipment of the pansarskytte , such as machine guns , hand grenades and man-portable anti-tank systems . An early vehicle trialed using a 20 mm akan m/40 autocannon. The first standard fixed armament was a single ksp m/39 machine gun, fitted in a rotating turret ring on top of the cabin, sometime in the late 1940s. This machine gun could fire the 8×63mm m/32 machine gun cartridge or

2601-444: Was clear there was a desperate need for a troop carrier able to both keep up with the tanks and provide protection against artillery shrapnel and small-arms fire. Due to the war, there were no international suppliers to buy from, so the only option was to develop a domestic solution. AB Landsverk designed an IFV consisting of a chassis from a regular army lorry equipped with an armoured coachwork . The prototype had many similarities to

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