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107-607: Knowledge Bowl is the name for several interdisciplinary academic quiz bowl -like competitions across the United States and the world. The questions for many Knowledge Bowl competitions are supplied by the Academic Hallmarks company of Durango, Colorado . While Knowledge Bowl meet formats are mostly similar across the United States , there are a few regional differences. Knowledge Bowl usually involves teams of four to six students trying to answer questions in

214-410: A USO activity for U.S. service men during World War II , was an influential early quiz bowl program. Also known as "The College Quiz Bowl," it started on radio in 1953 and then aired on national television in the U.S. from 1959 to 1970. In the first half of the 20th century, many other quiz-bowl-like competitions were also created. Delco Hi-Q began in 1948 as a radio quiz competition sponsored by

321-403: A lightning round during which a team attempts to answer multiple questions as fast as possible under a given time limit, usually sixty seconds. Other formats include a written worksheet round, where teams work together for 2–5 minutes to agree on their written answers. Match length is determined by either a game clock or the number of questions in a packet. In most formats, a game ends once

428-582: A zwitterionic form. For 10 points each: [10] Name this class of molecules that make up proteins , examples of which include tryptophan , alanine , and lysine . ANSWER: amino acids [10] During translation, amino acids are polymerized by these complexes, which are formed in the nucleolus . ANSWER: ribosomes [10] Some proteins can become infectious agents. This is the name of those misfolded proteins that are responsible for mad cow disease and Kuru . ANSWER: prions 2011 Collegiate Novice Bonuses usually have multiple parts, related by

535-508: A 1-point bonus for every round in room two, and a .5 point bonus for every round in room three. The SOS points are not added to a team's score until after all of the oral rounds. In 2007, SOS was made official Knowledge Bowl procedure, and will be used at the state tournament. In the Marshall Region , the written round is dispensed with until sub-regions. Each meet consists of 3 oral rounds of 45 questions each. The four-person limit

642-456: A Colorado-specific Knowledge Master Open (KMO) online competition. Teams answered the entire set of 200 questions together, earning a score from 0 to 2000. Each school sent in their scores and in a few weeks received a summary of how the school fared against other Colorado schools. Colorado KMO, along with the KMO program as a whole, was discontinued after the 2012-2013 academic year. In Colorado ,

749-434: A bonus question. In toss-up questions, team members are not allowed to communicate with each other, and are given 10 seconds to buzz in, and 30 seconds plus the use of scratch paper if the question is a math question. If a team member buzzes in and answers incorrectly, the team loses one point, and the question is repeated for the second team to answer. This is called a rebound. In rebounds, an additional 10 seconds are given for

856-481: A bonus question. Once the 30 minutes of the match are up, the lightning round takes action. 5 final questions, only that when a rebound is answered correctly, a bonus question is also attained. Quiz bowl Quiz bowl competitions are typically played with a lockout buzzer system between at least two teams, usually consisting of four players each. A moderator reads questions to the players, who try to score points for their team by buzzing first and responding with

963-438: A common thread but not necessarily related to the tossup that was answered. Bonuses are also typically introduced with a theme or fact that connects them before the questions themselves are read. A team is usually rewarded with 10 points for each correct answer in a bonus. Bonuses are the only types of questions that allow conferral among team members, with 5 seconds typically being given after the question to confer before an answer

1070-553: A community theater program downtown. Many local and professional artists perform at A Center for the Arts. The city also lends its name to the song "Fergus Falls" by the band Field Report on its 2012 self-titled album. Fergus Falls received international coverage in early 2017 and late 2018 after a news article in Der Spiegel falsely claimed there was an anti-Mexican sign at the city's entrance and fabricated other things about

1177-681: A dramatic increase in the number of large online quiz bowl competitions due to the COVID-19 pandemic . In-person quiz bowl tournaments were cancelled, including all NAQT National Championships. Online competitions, often using the platforms Zoom or Discord , were widely used by tournament directors, including state championship organizers in 2020-21, as well as for the NAQT HSNCT and PACE NSC high school nationals tournaments. This allowed competition in spite of national and international lockdown requirements. These matches and tournaments were run in

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1284-517: A given list), and "30-20-10" bonuses (which give small sets of clues for a single answer in order of decreasing difficulty, with more points being awarded for giving the correct answer on an earlier clue. The 30-20-10 bonus was officially banned from ACF in 2008 and NAQT in 2009. Most programs now use a bonus of easy, medium and hard but in different orders. Several variations on the game of quiz bowl exist that affect question structure and content, rules of play, and round format. One standardized format

1391-531: A group of area student body leaders who asked if the organization would develop and host some kind of competitive academic activity involving excellent students. The first meet held in Pagosa Springs involved just three high schools. Within two years, it evolved to include scores of invitational meets in addition to regional competitions and a Colorado state championship that has been held annually ever since. The first statewide Colorado State Knowledge Bowl

1498-508: A male householder with no wife present, and 43.9% were non-families. 38.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.84. The median age in the city was 43.4 years. 21.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22% were from 25 to 44; 25.9% were from 45 to 64; and 22.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of

1605-408: A navigable database of past questions; Protobowl, a multiplayer real-time quiz bowl simulator; and QuizBug 2, a single-player quiz bowl simulator. Players often research and write their own questions to prepare for quiz bowl. Active participation in academic coursework also helps to prepare for quiz bowl. Blind memorization of high-frequency out-of-context facts, often referred to as "stock" clues,

1712-621: A private high school, theological seminary and mission society, with an office in Fergus Falls. The pietistic , low-church Lutherans constituted one cultural center of the Norwegian-German community, while the high-church First Lutheran constituted a separate center, which attracted a more upwardly mobile class of parishioner. After the Interstate Defense Highway System built Interstate 94 along

1819-494: A reputation of being a cultural hub in West Central Minnesota. A Center for the Arts building was originally built in 1921 and was home to The Orpheum Theater, producing live theater and vaudeville performances and movies. In the early 1990s, after several decades of change and transition, over $ 1 million was raised to renovate the theater and A Center for the Arts was founded. The Theater is also home to one of

1926-431: A similar manner to in-person competition, although some tournaments switched to tossup-only formats. Since questions are generally derived from an unofficial "canon" of topics, players commonly review, and practice with, questions from past competition to prepare for upcoming tournaments. Several websites exist for this purpose, the most commonly used being QB Reader, a single-player quiz bowl simulator that also includes

2033-435: A team buzzes in before the question is read in its entirety, the reader will reread the question for the other team(s), provided they have not yet buzzed in themselves. (The buzzer system is usually set up to have the teams buzz in the style of the game show Split Second , i.e., the teams are called on in the order that they register in the game computer.) Each team in a round has one designated spokesperson. The spokesperson

2140-412: A team has five members, one must sit out during the oral round. Oral rounds consist of three sets of 15 questions, 45 in total. Some regions play three oral rounds in a meet, others up to five. Oral rounds feature three teams in one room competing against each other for points. Teams may buzz in at any point during the question. However, they must then answer with whatever information has been given them. If

2247-558: A team. These rules about timeouts and subs may vary from different rule sets but are generally accepted in NAQT matches. Timed matches may also be in play. These are usually done by 9 minute halves and at the end of the first half, if not at tossup 12 or beyond it, the moderator will automatically skip to it. If past tossup 12 after the first half, they will just start where they ended. These often require players to stall or go faster. Skipping bonuses may be used if players are uncomfortable with

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2354-433: A tossup answered before a predetermined point. Games played on NAQT rules consist of two nine-minute halves and a total of 24 tossups. NAQT tossups are typically shorter than most other pyramidal tossups because of shorter character limits on its questions. The format used for the now-defunct College Bowl tournament uses comparatively shorter questions. Gameplay is relatively quick as it is played in eight-minute halves, to

2461-692: A total of 20 tossups are read. The published distribution of ACF quiz bowl emphasizes academic subjects, with very little popular culture. However, many "housewrites", or question sets written by schools themselves, may choose to modify the category distribution. NAQT is another common variation on the tossup/bonus format that balances academic rigor with a wider variety of subjects, including popular culture and an increased amount of current events and geography content. Unlike many mACF events, most questions used in this format are written and sold by NAQT themselves. NAQT also uses "power marks" in their tossups, which reward players with 15 points instead of 10 for

2568-537: A usual total of 22–24 tossups read. The Honda Campus All Star Challenge and University Challenge in the U.K. use similar formats. Matches played at the National Academic Championship and its affiliated tournaments are split into four quarters, with differing styles of gameplay in each phase. Individual tournaments may use worksheet rounds, lightning rounds, or tossups without accompanying bonuses. The 2020–2021 quiz bowl season saw

2675-621: A woman from the town, but the song is actually about a woman he spotted at a downtown Milwaukee music festival. "I saw a girl who was pregnant, and she was with a guy who looked like an asshole," he said. "She looked like she wanted to get out of there. The song was written from her perspective." The song has received critical acclaim. Fergus Falls is the proud home of the Fergus Falls Otters as well as home to M State - Fergus Falls sports and many other local teams and organizations for children, teens, adults and seniors. Fergus falls

2782-524: A written round and several oral rounds. No team is eliminated in this event, and every team participates in every round. Knowledge Bowl is usually a power competition in which team groupings are rearranged after each round on the basis of their total points accumulated. The written round is a multiple-choice exam taken by each team as a whole. Results of this round are used for seeding teams in the oral rounds. Oral rounds involves three teams per room and uses an electronic lock-out device system. A reader presents

2889-528: A written round of 50 multiple-choice questions with a 35-minute time limit. This is followed by four Preliminary oral rounds of 50 questions each, setting the stage for the Semi-Final and Championship rounds, also oral rounds of 50 questions each. CBS affiliate WREG produces a televised high school quiz tournament for teams in the Memphis metropolitan area . Knowledge Bowl is sponsored internationally by

2996-481: Is Lake Region Healthcare, an integrated health system with a 108-bed hospital, cancer research center, assisted living community, and multiple clinics. According to the City's 2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are: Fergus Falls Public Schools (Independent School District #544) operates public schools. Fergus Falls is home to several arts and culture organizations and has

3103-400: Is a city in and the county seat of Otter Tail County , Minnesota , United States. The population was 14,119 at the 2020 census . The falls from which the city gets part of its name were discovered by Joe Whitford (a Scottish trapper) in 1856 and promptly named in honor of his employer, James Fergus . It is not known whether Fergus ever visited the city, but Whitford did not live to see

3210-419: Is a common method of quiz bowl preparation, but is generally discouraged, because the memorization generally has little academic utility. Players benefit from exposure to a broad range of school, cultural subjects , memorization , and study skills , as well as an improved ability to cooperate and work in teams. NAQT also sells lists of topics that are frequently asked about in their questions. Quiz bowl

3317-529: Is allotted for the state tournament varies each year with the number of schools that compete at each division (based on Washington Interscholastic Activities Association classification) in each region. The top 18 teams in Divisions 4A, 2A, 1A, and 2B (top 12 in Divisions 3A and 1B) advance to the state tournament. The state tournament takes place annually in March. The format for the state tournament begins with

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3424-477: Is also not enforced until the sub-region meet. The SOS system is also in place; however, because there is no written round, no SOS points are assigned for the first round. All the regions throughout Minnesota utilize various postseason formats to select the teams that will represent their region at the state meet. Following the completion of the regular season, the region hosts a sub-regional tournament. In some regions, teams have to qualify by finishing high enough in

3531-500: Is criticized by some for rewarding fast problem-solving skills over conceptual knowledge and for being non-pyramidal by nature. Quiz bowl shows have been on television for many decades in some areas and usually feature competitors from local high schools. Many of these competitions may have rules and formats that differ slightly from standardized quiz bowl. College Bowl was broadcast on NBC radio from 1953 to 1955. The program moved to television as General Electric College Bowl and

3638-402: Is generally kept to a minimum. In most quiz bowl competitions, players and coaches may protest the moderator's decision if they believe their answer was incorrectly rejected, or an opponent's answer was incorrectly accepted. Invalid protests or unnecessary protests can result in additional loss of points or an expulsion from the game. Timeouts may be called by a player or coach (if the coach

3745-656: Is held annually at Cragun's resort in Brainerd , Minnesota . The tournament is a two-day event, with the first day consisting of a banquet dinner and the written round, and the second day comprising five oral rounds. Imported from Colorado , the first Knowledge Bowl in Washington state for high school students in grades nine through twelve was conducted by the Olympic Educational Service District 114 in 1981. Within several years, each of

3852-628: Is licensed from CBCI by Granada TV Ltd. and still broadcast in the United Kingdom . Reach for the Top , a Canadian competition with a quiz bowl-like format, has been broadcast on the CBC in the past. Quiz bowl has received media coverage due to the number of highly successful game show contestants with backgrounds in the activity. NAQT maintains a list of current and former quiz bowl players at any level who have appeared on TV game shows. Several of

3959-554: Is limited to AASCA schools. International level competition is held in late November and features schools from Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. The national level dates vary depending on the country, and are also held once a year. The national levels are also limited to American schools; the Honduran Knowledge Bowl nationals are organized by Association of Bilingual Schools of Honduras (ABSH) and are also limited to ABSH. In El Salvador,

4066-512: Is not reading tossups.) These temporarily pause the game and players and coaches can talk. These may differ from improvement, point check or categories that are coming up. Substitutions may be done at halftime (tossup 10 or 12 depending on tossups in match) or at a team's timeout. These involve removing one or more of the four playing members on a team to switch with a waiting player. These are usually done if player's categories have been used up or if they are taking turns if there are many players on

4173-712: Is often played over an extended period of time by schools within a local area or pre-existing athletic conference , or in single matches against other schools. Some regional variants organized for grade school students include Knowledge Bowl , Ohio Academic Competition (OAC), Florida 's Commissioner's Academic Challenge (CAC), and various television quiz competitions such as It's Academic . Athletic and activities associations in some US states also organize quiz bowl competitions, including Missouri's MSHSAA , Illinois's IHSA , Kansas's KSHSAA, Kentucky's Governor's Cup and Virginia's VHSL . Additionally, various formats have been developed to test knowledge in specific areas like

4280-679: Is placed in Class A, and so on. The State meet is held in late April at Cragun's Resort in Brainerd . These are the ten/eleven regions throughout the state of Minnesota, and the city in which they are headquartered: Northwest (I/II), Thief River Falls ; Northeast (III), Mountain Iron ; Lakes Country (IV), Fergus Falls ; North Central (V), Staples ; West Central/Southwest (VI/VIII), Marshall ; Central (VII), St. Cloud ; South Central (IX), North Mankato ; Southeast (X), Rochester ; Metro (XI), St. Anthony . The Minnesota Knowledge Bowl state tournament

4387-401: Is primarily played at single-day tournaments. Some events have eligibility rules that dictate who may participate, such as allowing only freshman and sophomore players or excluding graduate students. Additionally, most tournaments allow multiple teams from a single school to compete. Some schools hold intramural tournaments where any team formed from students can play. High school quiz bowl

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4494-491: Is required. Usually, only the team that answered the tossup correctly can answer the bonus, though some formats allow the opposing team to answer those parts of the bonus not correctly answered by the team that earned the bonus, a gameplay element known as a "bounceback" or "rebound." Less-used types of bonus questions include multiple-choice bonuses (sometimes seen in Science Bowl ), list bonuses (which require answers from

4601-471: Is some variation from region to region, most Knowledge Bowl meets follow the same general format. There are two rounds at a KB meet, a Written Round and an Oral Round. The written round (WR) consists of usually 60 multiple-choice questions with five possible answers listed. In the written round, all five members of the team may confer throughout the duration of the round. However, in the oral rounds (OR), only four team members are allowed to participate. Thus, if

4708-433: Is the only person who is allowed to answer during the 15 second time limit. The spokesperson has the ability to defer their answer to another person on their team as long as they do so before the 15 second time limit. Some regions randomly assign teams to play each other over the course of a meet, while others use "power ranking". Power ranking is simply the process whereby the top three teams are placed together in one room,

4815-513: Is the pyramidal tossup/bonus format, which is used in NAQT and ACF (or mACF, referring to question sets produced in a similar style to those of ACF) competitions. Most quiz bowl question producers, including ACF and NAQT, publish a distribution of the number of tossups and bonuses per round that will feature material from a given area of study. ACF/mACF tossups are written in pyramidal style and are generally much longer than College Bowl and NAQT questions. Games are usually untimed and last until

4922-612: Is twinned with: The Fergus Falls City Council holds an Open Forum session from 5:20-5:30 pm in the City Council Chambers. Those wishing to address the City Council regarding an item not on the agenda are asked to completely fill out the Open Forum registration form by noon the day of the City Council meeting. Local city positions besides Mayor are up for election every two years as one Council Member from one of

5029-596: The Bible , classics , science , and agricultural science . DECA runs quiz bowl events at their competitions that tests knowledge on business and market topics. Gallaudet University sponsors a National Academic Bowl for deaf high school students. Tournaments designated as "trash" focus on pop culture and sports trivia questions. There are several collegiate-level national championship tournaments, for which teams usually qualify through regional competitions. They include: Several national competitions are conducted in

5136-608: The Central and Eastern European Schools Association (CEESA) at the middle school and high school level. Due to the large number of teams entering, competitions are split between two European cities, different each year. Additionally, two small Knowledge Bowl competitions are held in the Republic of Georgia . Knowledge Bowl is also organized in Central America by Association of American Schools in Central America (AASCA), and

5243-593: The Individual Player National Championship Tournament (IPNCT). Since 2019, IPNCT has been separated into high school and middle school divisions. Some proponents of reform seek to increase the educational value and fairness of quiz bowl, primarily by using pyramidal questions. Many competitions below the college level are criticized for their use of speed-check questions, which encourage participants to rely more on their ability to buzz in quickly than on knowledge of

5350-732: The Otter Tail River , and was reconstructed in 2004. Just below the bridge is part of scenic River Walk Park, which spans about a mile of the river. The part nearest the Union Avenue Bridge was redone along with the bridge. The town hall was modeled after Independence Hall in Philadelphia . Its west wing housed the city fire station until the 1970s. Other points of interest include the county museum, Lake Alice, George B. Wright Park, Pebble Lake Golf Course, and Veteran's Memorial Park. Arts in Fergus Falls are booming with

5457-862: The Scott Paper Company for high school students in Delaware County, Pennsylvania . It claims to be the oldest continuously running student quiz contest in the United States. The It's Academic televised student quiz show program has been run for high school teams in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area since 1961 and is recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the longest-running quiz program in television history. It's Academic has been spun off in many other U.S. media markets and has inspired many other televised high school competitions. In 1977, College Bowl

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5564-461: The "Purifiers" through (*) infinite hexagonal rooms. Richard Madden kills sinologist Stephen Albert to signal the Germans in a story by this author. For 10 points, name this author whose Ficciones includes " The Library of Babel " and " The Garden of Forking Paths ." ANSWER: Jorge Luis Borges 2022 IQBT RSS #1 Two common types of toss-ups include buzzer-beaters and pyramidal tossups, with

5671-405: The 20th century, the city appeared increasingly destined to become a retirement and nursing community until a new migration of younger remote workers moved to the city. The bucolic environment, with abundant sporting opportunities that had long attracted summer vacationers. The relatively low cost of real estate, cost of living, and a variety of public school locations has also attracted families to

5778-564: The Civil War experience to these early settlers is highlighted by the town's street names: the intersecting principal thoroughfares are Lincoln Avenue and Union Avenue. The oldest parts of the town have streets with names such as Sherman, Sheridan, and Vernon. The early English wave of settlement claimed control of the falls along the Otter Tail River and established the first Episcopalian and Presbyterian churches. Almost as soon as

5885-622: The Heritage Spirit award. The first Minnesota Knowledge Bowl competition was started by the Lakes Country Service Cooperative of Fergus Falls , Minnesota , in 1979. The first season featured teams from only eight school districts in western Minnesota. Today, Knowledge Bowl has grown to include over 800 teams from across the state and is sponsored by the 11 Service Cooperatives of the State. Although there

5992-562: The Hibbing Public Schools. While working with exceptional students in his district, he wished to find a greater challenge. After contacting other schools around the country to see what was done to challenge their best students, as a result Heritage started the first Knowledge Bowl competitions in the state. Mr. Heritage is memorialized for his founding contributions at the State Knowledge Bowl tournament in

6099-728: The Hotel Kaddatz Preservation Association. The upstairs of the Kaddatz Hotel Building is home to artist live/work spaces. The Lake Region Arts Council serves 9 counties (Becker, Clay, Otter Tail, Wilkin, Traverse, Stevens, Grant, and Pope) and has its main office in the River Inn Building in Fergus Falls. The Lake Region Arts Council's mission is to encourage and support the arts in West Central Minnesota. Their programs and services are made possible through an appropriation from

6206-641: The Minnesota State Legislature, Legacy Arts & Cultural Heritage Fund and the McKnight Foundation. Springboard for the Arts, a nonprofit artist service organization based in St. Paul, has its only satellite office in the River Inn Building, which serves as an artist resource center. The band Field Report has a song named after Fergus Falls on their eponymous debut album. Lead singer and songwriter, Chris Porterfield, once dated

6313-547: The Southeast section of the city, gradually dwindled as people departed for larger cities. The dams built on the Otter Tail River beginning in the 1880s were powerful economic forces that shaped the area's development. Returning soldiers from the American Civil War settled in the region, mostly as farmers (wheat and corn in the western plains and dairy and hogs in the eastern hills and forests). The importance of

6420-401: The United States every year for high school students. Compared to the college level, there are usually more tournaments that allow teams to qualify. National tournaments include: The following high school tournaments are for single all-star teams from each U.S. state or other political subdivision: There is also a tournament for middle school students: Beginning in 2018, NAQT has organized

6527-406: The average family size was 2.94. In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 22.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males. The median income for a household in the city

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6634-513: The bonus but it will completely skip it and not just one part. These tactics are mostly accepted in different matches. A short story by this author features the question, "In a riddle whose answer is chess, what is the only prohibited word?" A character in a story by this author describes knowing "the Secret," which is a "British artillery park on the Ancre". A story by this author features a hunt by

6741-479: The city develop, as he was killed during the 1862 Dakota war in western Minnesota. In 1867, George B. Wright was at the land office at St. Cloud and found Whitford's lapsed claim, purchased the land, and built what is now the Central Dam in downtown Fergus Falls around 1871. After Wright died in 1882, his son Vernon moved from Boston to Minnesota and took over his father's interests in the town. Vernon Wright

6848-491: The city of Fergus Falls. As of the 2020 census , there were 14,119 people, 6,171 households, and 3,379 families residing in the city. The population density was 981.6 inhabitants per square mile (379.0/km ). There were 6,731 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 91.2% White , 1.7% African American , 0.9% Native American , 0.8% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.8% from some other races and 4.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of

6955-573: The city was 47.0% male and 53.0% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 13,471 people, 5,633 households, and 3,306 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,031.5 inhabitants per square mile (398.3/km ). There were 5,909 housing units at an average density of 452.5 per square mile (174.7/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 97.02% White , 0.62% African American , 0.76% Native American , 0.57% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.20% from other races , and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.91% of

7062-419: The city was 95.5% White , 1.1% African American , 0.8% Native American , 0.7% Asian , 0.4% from other races , and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population. There were 5,814 households, of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.0% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had

7169-535: The city. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 15.720 square miles (40.71 km ), of which 14.388 square miles (37.26 km ) is land and 1.332 square miles (3.45 km ) (8.2%)is water. Interstate 94 , U.S. Highway 59 , U.S. Highway 52 , and Minnesota State Highway 210 ( co-signed ), and County Highways 1, 82, and 88 are the main routes in Fergus Falls. The following routes are located within

7276-406: The correct answer. Quiz bowl is most commonly played in a toss-up/bonus format, which consists of a series of two different types of questions. Other formats, particularly in local competitions, may deviate from the above rules, with additions like lightning rounds or category choice. Most forms of modern quiz bowl are modeled after game shows . College Bowl , which was created by Don Reid as

7383-413: The earlier English and Scottish war veterans who retained control of the principal businesses of the city center, the banks, and the increasingly important Otter Tail Power Company , persisted for decades until several generations of ethnic intermarriage and continuing inward and outward migration largely erased the divisions along ethnic lines. The small black community, largely Baptist, which clustered in

7490-494: The first and second placed groups would proceed to a quarter-final elimination round. Position within the group is decided by how many points a group has accumulated while playing other teams (in every group, every team must play all of the other teams in the group once). A team is composed of five students, four of whom participate in a game lasting thirty minutes. After every thirty-minute game, substitutions can be made. In every game, only two teams compete against each other. After

7597-442: The first oral round. Following the written round teams compete in four oral rounds of forty or fifty questions each during which three teams compete against each other in a single room. Similarly to the written round, only four members of a team may take part in these rounds, but player substitutions may occur in after the first half of the questions. The subject line is read before the question. Teams can buzz at any time, even before

7704-681: The following year as team captain to lead his team to yet another championship. These consecutive wins by the Panamanian school became only the second time in the tournament's history that a school managed to win back to back championships. Nicolas Bran finished as the highest scorer of the competition in 2015 and was rightfully considered the unanimous decision for MVP that year. In 2018, the National Knowledge Bowl, organised by ABSH (Association of Bilingual Schools in Honduras)

7811-620: The foundational structure of the town was laid, an influx of Norwegian immigrants arrived, by way of the Scandinavian migration of Chicago and Minneapolis , often on the Great Northern Railway . Primarily dairy farmers , they established numerous Lutheran churches in the area. The Lutheran Brethren ( Church of the Lutheran Brethren of America ) established an academy in Fergus Falls, which today operates

7918-528: The larger 24 in Class AA, and the smaller 24 in Class A. All schools from the Metro Region (XI) are automatically placed in Class AA. If one private school qualifies, it is automatically placed in Class AA, regardless of size. If two private schools qualify, the larger is placed in Class AA, and the smaller in Class A. If three private schools qualify, the larger two are placed in Class AA, and the smallest

8025-567: The largest pipe organs in the midwest, the Mighty Wurlitzer Theater Pipe Organ. The Kaddatz Galleries is a nonprofit art gallery located in historic downtown Fergus Falls, whose mission is to foster visual arts education and appreciation, and to maintain a gallery where the works of Charles Beck and other recognized local artists are accessible to the public. The Kaddatz Galleries were founded in 2001 when Artspace bought The Kaddatz Hotel building in partnership with

8132-462: The last great Ice Age, with numerous lakes and small rivers. Two major tornadoes hit Fergus Falls during the early 20th century, the second, the 1919 Fergus Falls tornado , being the greater. The only church edifice left standing after the great cyclone was the predominantly black Baptist church. Fergus Falls features different parks, including tallgrass prairie and eastern woodlands, stores, and other tourist attractions. The Union Avenue Bridge spans

8239-649: The latter being more common than the former. Buzzer-beaters (also known as speed checks or quick-recall questions) are relatively short, rarely being more than two sentences long, and contain few clues. This type of question is written specifically to test players' quick recall skills without discriminating between the different levels of knowledge on a topic that the players possess. Buzzer-beaters are not included in major state or national tournaments. Pyramidal or pyramid-style tossups include multiple clues and are written so that each question starts with more difficult clues and moves toward easier clues. This way, players with

8346-429: The meets start off with the written round. This round comprises 40 or 60 multiple choice questions that the team attempts to answer correctly. The team can discuss the question only during the written round. Depending on the school, the team may have between three and eight people, however only four will compete in the written round. The scores from the written round determines which teams will compete against each other in

8453-513: The moderator has finished reading every question in a packet, usually 20. Tie-breaking procedures may include reading extra toss-ups until the tie is broken or sudden-death toss-ups. Quiz bowl tests players in a variety of academic subjects including literature , science , history , and fine arts . Additionally, some quiz bowl events may feature small amounts of popular culture content like sports , popular music , and other non-academic general knowledge subjects, although their inclusion

8560-402: The most knowledge of the subject have the best opportunity to answer first. Pyramidal toss-ups are considered standard for competitive quiz bowl, especially at the collegiate level. In most formats, correctly answering a toss-up earns a team 10 points. Extra points, usually for a total of 15 or 20 points, may be awarded if a question is answered prior to a certain clue-providing keyword in

8667-600: The national competition is organised by the Association of Bilingual Schools of San Salvador, for its five member institutions. Four are American and one is British. In 2008, 2009, and 2010, the event was won by Colegio Maya of Guatemala for the junior varsity level, the most consecutive titles in the event's history. In 2011 and 2012 the title of varsity champions was won by the Escuela International de Tegucigalpa (EIT), with an outstanding performance of

8774-496: The next three in another, and so on. While not all regions use the power ranking method, it is used in the Minnesota Service Cooperatives' State Knowledge Bowl Meet . In 2006, several regions tested a "Strength of Schedule" (SOS) meet format at meets using Power Ranking, and in 2007, this was made the official format. Using SOS, a team will receive a 1.6 point bonus for every question it spends in room 1,

8881-551: The nine Educational Service Districts were holding regional competitions and the first statewide tournament was held in 1983. Regional competitions are held between November and early March. Each ESD decides the format that will be used in their respective regions and how many regional competitions will be held. The regional competitions that determine which teams will advance to the state tournament typically take place in February or early March. The number of teams each ESD region

8988-409: The population. There were 5,633 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.2% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.3% were non-families. 35.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and

9095-420: The population. 20.0% of residents were under the age of 18, 5.3% were under 5 years of age, and 24.4% were 65 and older. As of the 2010 census , there were 13,138 people, 5,814 households, and 3,262 families residing in the city. The population density was 931.0 inhabitants per square mile (359.5/km ). There were 6,342 housing units at an average density of 449.5 per square mile (173.6/km ). The racial makeup of

9202-516: The question in 15 seconds or answers incorrectly and no other team has buzzed in either of the other two teams may ask the reader to finish the question and/or repeat the question only once. After each round the scores are totaled and the teams reorganized and assigned to rooms according to their scores. After the final round, the team with the highest score wins the meet. Knowledge Bowl was initiated in Minnesota by David Heritage, an administrator in

9309-411: The question to give an answer. In most forms of quiz bowl, there are two types of questions: toss-ups and bonuses. Toss-ups are questions that any individual player can attempt to answer by buzzing in, and players are generally not allowed to confer with each other before answering. If the answer given is incorrect, then no other member of that team may give an answer, and the moderator continues reading

9416-599: The question to the other team. If a toss-up is successfully answered, the team who answered correctly is given an opportunity to answer a bonus question. Bonuses are usually worth a total of 30 points and consist of three individual questions worth ten points each. Team members are generally permitted to confer with each other before answering these questions. Regional or local tournaments may dispose of any number of standard rules entirely. Some may only have toss-ups and not use bonuses at all, especially to prevent cheating at tournaments played online. Some formats include

9523-445: The question, and again, only the team captain can give the answer. When a bonus is answered correctly, three points are given, whereas if it is answered incorrectly, no points are taken away. Bonus questions are not cumulative, and once they are over, another toss-up is given. If no one buzzes in for a toss-up question, no one gains or loses points. It should also be noted that if rebounds are answered correctly, they do not bring with them

9630-437: The question, usually marked by an asterisk, an action known as "powering." Buzzing in before the entire question has been read and answering incorrectly is called "negging" and may incur a 5-point penalty for a team. After a neg occurs, the moderator continues reading the rest of the question for the other team. There are usually no further penalties after one team has already negged. These biological monomers are usually in

9737-555: The questions, and a team member may buzz in as soon as he or she chooses. If they miss a question, nothing is deducted, but the other teams then may try to answer the question based on who buzzed in first. The winner is the team with the greatest number of points at the end of the meet. Knowledge Bowl originated in 1976 as a project within the San Juan Board of Cooperative Services in Durango , Colorado . It began in response to

9844-472: The reader has finished reading the question. The team may not talk about the answer to the question, but they may talk about who will answer the question (In the Colorado Springs area meets, no talking period is allowed. However, teammates may use hand signals to determine who will answer). A sheet of paper is allowed for computations and for keeping score. If the first team to buzz in fails to answer

9951-413: The second team, and team members can communicate with each other, but only the team captain can declare the answer. When a rebound question is answered correctly, one point is given. If a rebound question is answered incorrectly, no points are taken away. Bonus questions are similar to rebounds, but are a bit different. Only the team that acquired the bonus question can answer it, and team members can discuss

10058-474: The standings, while in others, all the teams in the region qualify for Sub-Regions. Following Sub-Regions, a certain number of teams advance to Regions. In some regions, the top teams receive a bye through Sub-Regions straight to Regions, while in others, every team has to qualify through Sub-Regions. At Regions, teams compete for that region's allotted number of State berths. The 48 teams that qualify for State are ordered by enrollment and then evenly divided, with

10165-410: The subjects tested. Some tournaments, such as College Bowl, are criticized for being insufficiently academic, including using superfluous clues in their questions, and for recycling questions from previous years. The use of "hoses," misleading clues that discourage players from buzzing in too early, is also considered a mark of "bad" quiz bowl. The use of mathematical computation problems in tossups

10272-455: The thirty minutes are up, the game enters the lightning round (see below), a set of five final questions with mildly altered rules. If after the lightning round, there is still a tie between the two teams, the game enters a sudden-death mode, in which the first person to gain any number of points wins, but a team that loses a point also loses the match. For a normal, toss-up question, a team that buzzes in and answers correctly gains two points and

10379-460: The top dollar winners in the history of Jeopardy! include former players such as Ken Jennings , Matt Jackson , David Madden , and Brad Rutter . Such is the correlation between success on Jeopardy! and quiz bowl experience that Jennings described the competition as a " minor league " for the show and for other televised quiz show competitions. Fergus Falls, Minnesota Fergus Falls ( / ˈ f ɜːr ɡ ə s / FUR -gəss )

10486-443: The town. The story's author, Claas Relotius , admitted to numerous instances of journalistic fraud . In December 2018 two residents of Fergus Falls, Michele Anderson and Jake Krohn, published a report pointing out the "11 most absurd lies" of the 2017 article. The same month Der Spiegel also sent a reporter to Fergus Falls to investigate and apologize. A strong economic division between later Scandinavian immigrant farmers and

10593-523: The two time MVP, Ricardo Cálix, becoming the first consecutive winner of the award in the history of Knowledge Bowl World Championships. Although the Knowledge Bowl World Championships were paused in 2013, they resumed the following year. The International School of Panama claimed victory in 2014, where they became the undisputed champions in an effort that was led by Carlos Irisarri and Nicolas Braun Melendez, who came back

10700-514: The western edge of Fergus Falls in the late 1950s, population mobility increased dramatically, and high school graduates increasingly left the town to attend colleges in Morris, Fargo-Moorhead, or the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul. As farming declined as an occupation and lifestyle, with large-scale commercial farming gradually replacing the family farm system during the second half of

10807-678: The world. In 2008, the College Bowl program abruptly ended in the U.S., although the company itself continues to operate the Honda Campus All-Star Challenge (HCASC) for historically black colleges and universities . During a quiz bowl game, two teams of usually up to four or five players are read questions by a moderator. When there are more than four players on a team, the team has to substitute its players for different games. Each player usually has an electronic buzzer to signal in ("buzz") at any time during

10914-520: Was $ 31,454, and the median income for a family was $ 44,280. Males had a median income of $ 32,051 versus $ 20,841 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 18,929. About 7.0% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 11.4% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over. Fergus Falls is a micropolitan with a diversified economy that includes healthcare, manufacturing, commercial, agricultural, information technology, and utilities. The largest employer

11021-552: Was also one of the two people who established the Otter Tail Power Company in 1907. The city was incorporated in the late 1870s and is situated along the dividing line between the former great deciduous forest of the Northwest Territories to the east and the great plains to the west, in a region of gentle hills, where the recent geological history is dominated by the recession of the glaciers from

11128-500: Was broadcast from 1959 to 1970, first on CBS and later on NBC . College Bowl would return to CBS radio from 1979 to 1982, and HCASC was broadcast on BET from 1990 to 1995. The Texaco Star National Academic Championship ran from 1989 to 1991 on Discovery Channel and was hosted by Chip Beall and Mark L. Walberg . In 1994, it was syndicated as the Star Challenge and hosted by Mark L. Walberg. University Challenge

11235-807: Was held in 1978 at Fort Lewis College in Durango. Most of the competing teams that year came from schools in mountain districts. One of the few Front Range schools in the competition that year, Green Mountain High School in Jefferson County , won the first statewide championship. Green Mountain would go on to triumph in three of the first four years of the competition, taking first place in 1980 and 1981 as well. The event soon attracted educators from Minnesota , Washington , and South Dakota who initiated Knowledge Bowl programs in their home states. From 1983 to 2012, Colorado teams also participated in

11342-572: Was revived as an activity on college campuses in the U.S. by College Bowl Company Inc. (CBCI). In September 1990, the Academic Competition Federation (ACF) was founded as the first major alternative to The College Bowl Company. National Academic Quiz Tournaments (NAQT) was founded in 1996 and currently organizes national competitions at all levels in the United States and supplies tournament questions for grade school and college teams across North America and other parts of

11449-611: Was won by Macris School, which managed to win first places in the Varsity category and the Junior Varsity category, as well as second place in the Middle School category. Schools that participate in the tournaments are randomly seeded into groups, and the number of groups vary depending on how many schools participate. For example, if in a certain year 20 schools participate, 4 groups of 5 schools are made. In every group,

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