Misplaced Pages

#93906

64-479: Kotagede was previously a forest named Mentaok, to the east of Gajah Wong River. During the last quarter of the 16th century, the ruler of the Islamic Kingdom of Pajang , about 100 kilometers to the east of this site, awarded the forest to Ki Ageng Pemanahan, one of his courtiers who successfully put down a rebellion. Pemanahan opened the forest with his son Danang Sutawijaya , who was also an adoptive son of

128-527: A fief in a forest called Alas Mentaok, now Kotagede , on which they founded their base for the future capital of Mataram Kingdom . Legend says King Adiwijaya was so fond of Sutawijaya, that he adopted him as the playmate of his heir, Prince Banawa. Adiwijaya's rule was supposed to be succeeded by this weak-minded heir, but a rebellion by a vassal named Ario Pangiri forced the prince to seek asylum from his childhood friend Sutawijaya. Pledged to help, Sutawijaya gathered his army defeated Ario Pangiri, and seized

192-482: A pendopo (guest-receiving pavilion) and the traditional layout of the main building e.g. dalem, senthong, pringgitan, etc. In terms of decoration, the kalang house is heavily ornamented with complex decorations inspired by Western romanticism. Other features of Kalang houses are overhanging eaves, prominent front-facing gables, heavy use of stained glass, different textures using patterned wood shingles or terra cotta tiles and complex-shaped balustrades. Also similar with

256-561: A Kalang house in Jalan Slamet Riyadi, Surakarta , employs a porch-like protrusion to the pendopo, known as the kuncungan . The kuncungan of a Kalang house in Jalan Urip Sumoharjo, Surakarta has transformed into a porte-cochère while the pendopo took form of a terrace. The kalang house of B.H. Noeriah, or Omah Tembong (1862) has been completely enclosed with wall, stained glassed windows and door, giving it

320-628: A cultural identity of the Kalang people and the city of Kotagede where most of the houses are still in good condition. Kalang houses are related with the growth of the Kalang people community in Kotagede . Kalang literally means "enclosed" or "fenced". Kalang people, or Wong Kalang , were a group of merchants who made settlement in the District of Kotagede. Even though the kalang people originally came from East Java and Bali, they are presumed to be

384-546: A gigantic fully enclosed wooden building serving as the inner sanctum of this kingly abode where most magically charged heirlooms and weapons are stored. Jolang initiated the construction of several Taman (enclosed pleasure gardens). He was remembered in his posthumous name as Panembahan Seda Krapyak ("Lord Who Died during Hunting (in Hunting Lodge)") because he was reputedly killed by a deer while hunting in his krapyak (enclosed hunting forest). Jolang's successor to

448-457: A heritage neighborhood under the name "Kampung Pusaka Alun-alun Cokroyudan". Kotagede's marketplace is situated in the middle of the town, at the juncture of its four main streets. It is considered an important part of the town that Kotagede was also known as Pasar Gede ("Great Market") or in short, Sargede. Since Panembahan Senapati bore the youth name of Ngabehi Loring Pasar, "Lord of the North of

512-399: A huge amount of profit. The Yogyakarta subgroup continued to specialize in the transportation of goods utilizing all available means — trains, motor vehicles, and horses. The "monopoly" of these royal tasks allow the Kalang group to accumulate great wealth. The Kalang people were remembered to have been the first natives to be able to acquired Rolls-Royces when they were imported to Java. It

576-456: A kind of heirloom rather than measurable territory. The cemetery and mosque were guarded by officials from both courts and the surrounding lands were assigned as appanage to sustain the life of these officials. As the political power shifted, Kotagede became principally a pilgrimage town with its royal mausoleum and other sites associated with the initial establishment of the Mataram kingdom. By

640-571: A location near Kotagede. From Kerta it was relocated to Plered by Agung's son, Mangkurat I . Only one generation settled in Plered before the fall of this city after being defeated by some contenders of Mangkurat I in 1677. After the rebellion had been put down, his successor Mangkurat II , decided to establish a new capital named Kartasura 50 km to the east. The Chinese massacre in Batavia turned into turmoil in many major parts of Java during

704-560: A meditation on a stone in the middle of a river in between Mount Merapi and the Indian Ocean, a gigantic mythical fish named Tunggulwulung offered Senapati a ride to venture south of the ocean where the most powerful spirit of Java governed the netherworld, named Kangjeng Ratu Kidul . Overwhelmed by the aura of Senapati, the queen offered support for his great efforts to conquer the people of Java. She even presented herself to be his consort, as well as to all his reigning descendants, up to

SECTION 10

#1732775491094

768-525: A stable for twenty horses, besides an extremely extensive and grand main building with many wings. Most Kalang houses are located in Jalan Mondorokan and are usually constructed between 1850s and 1920s. The architecture of Kalang houses fuses the Javanese traditional houses with western Romanticism . Room layout still follows the principle of a traditional Javanese house e.g. the presence of

832-457: A traditional Javanese pavilion, and some eclectic Kalang Houses. The oldest joglo in the area is from the 1750s. They are protected as heritage sites. Another form of traditional Javanese architecture is the langgar dhuwur (family mosque). Langgar dhuwur is a family prayer house located in the attic of several traditional houses in Kotagede. Langgar Dhuwur is built with wooden construction and

896-537: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kalang house Kalang house ( Javanese Omah Kalang , Indonesian Rumah Kalang ) is a term used to refer to eclectic Javanese houses of the Kalang people. The enclave of Kalang people is found in Kotagede , Yogyakarta and Surakarta . The kalang houses, built at the turn of the 20th-century, are usually grand-sized and heavily ornamented houses with an eclectic mixture of Javanese traditional principle and Western Romanticism . The Kalang house has become

960-533: Is a royal cemetery for certain descendants of the Yogyakarta palace and is still used today. Being an open field, there is no remains of the alun-alun . A present kampung (neighborhood) called "Alun-alun" is situated to the south of the market, right in front of the great mosque, signifying where the former alun-alun was. Another kampung called Cokroyudan is also located close to the former alun-alun. The kampungs of Alun-alun and Cokroyudan have been designated

1024-491: Is located to the west of the Great Mosque. It is the most intact part of Kotagede. Chronicles mention that Senapati's father, Ki Gedhe Mataram, was buried to the west of the mosque and Senapati himself was buried to the south of the mosque, in the direction of his father's feet. Other important people buried in the cemetery include Sultan Hadiwijaya . The cemetery is guarded and maintained by Juru Kunci who are employed by

1088-417: Is more accurately described as a city palace. There are very few physical remains of the palace and city. Parts that have survived include the Kotagede ancient great mosque, the royal cemetery (precursor to Imogiri ), and some sections of the original city walls. The great mosque and the royal cemetery are now located in an area called Dondongan. Toponyms indicate many traces of the initial urban planning of

1152-619: Is said that one of the reason why the royal court gave the Kalang People a special role in the royal services is because of the court's disfavor on the entry of the Chinese and other foreign Orientals into their territories. The wealth of the Kalang People is visible in the architecture of their palace-like houses. One of these houses, built in 1926 on the east bank of the Gajah Wong River, has two garages for eight sedans and

1216-531: Is supported by wall columns. Previously, the placements of many langgar dhuwur formed a series that encircled the Mataram Royal Palace in Kotagede. Presently, only two langgar dhuwur remains, both are privately owned. During the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake , many of the traditional houses were destroyed. Some joglo houses were rebuilt, one example is Omah UGM, a joglo that was purchased by Gajah Mada University and rebuilt accordingly. Kotagede

1280-469: Is the name for the remains of the southeast corner of the city wall. It is a circular bastion, the name Bokong Semar ( Semar 's buttocks) is inspired by its rounded shape. The townscape in the Kotagede neighborhood consists of traditional wooden joglo houses and eclectic merchant houses. Merchant houses in Kotagede are walled to protect their accumulating possessions during the 18th-19th century wealthy period of Kotagede. These merchant houses sometimes combine

1344-485: Is well known for its silver crafts. It is also known for other Javanese crafts and arts (gold, silver, copper, leather, etc.) and local food ( kipo , legomoro, etc.) Performing arts include karawitan (local gamelan music groups), syalawatan (Islamic music group), mocopat (Javanese poetry reading), kroncong , tingklung wayang puppet, and offering ceremonies on special days ( caos ) and leading an ascetic religious life ( tirakatan ). Kotagede silversmiths grew since

SECTION 20

#1732775491094

1408-595: Is within Bantul Regency . The original town planning of Kotagede was similar to the Majapahit town planning: a fourfold configuration of Mosque-Palace-Market-Square called catur gatra tunggal , surrounded by defensive walls: cepuri (inner wall) and baluwerti (outer wall). The Market and Square were primarily open spaces, while the Mosque and Palace were walled compounds each containing many buildings. The town

1472-686: The 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake . A revitalization program of Kotagede was initiated by Pusaka Jogja Bangkit! ("Yogyakarta Heritage Revival!"). Collaborative parties consist of the Jogja Heritage Society, the Center for Heritage Conservation, the Department of Architecture and Planning at Gajah Mada University , the Indonesian Network for Heritage Conservation, ICOMOS Indonesia, and other supporting institutions including

1536-512: The Stichting Beverding van het Yogyakarta Kent Ambacht to protect the silverwork of Kotagede. Filigree technique enters Kotagede around 1950 under the influence of craftsmen from Kendari , Sulawesi . According to local silversmiths, Sastro Dimulyo with his company "SSO" was the pioneer for introducing filigree technique in Kotagede. Kotagede's silverware is characterized with its floral motifs, e.g. leaf or lotus flower, based from

1600-557: The Hindu tradition; and their manual labor, kept historically authentic. Types of silverware produced by Kotagede are filigrees , silver-casting, sculptures (miniatures), and handmade products (necklaces, rings). Jalan Kemasan, the main street leading into town from the north, is lined with silver workshops selling hand-beaten bowls, boxes, fine filigree and modern jewellery . Kingdom of Pajang The Kingdom of Pajang or Sultanate of Pajang ( كسلطانن ڤاجڠ ‎; 1586–1568)

1664-470: The Javanese house, has been transformed into the a sleeping room. The pendopo of a Kalang house is still kept as the reception area of the house. However, instead of employing a traditional joglo -styled roof typical of a traditional pendopo, the roof often employs additional front-facing gable, marking the front-center part of the pendopo. Omah Prayadranan or Ndalem Natan (1857 or 1927) in Kotagede, and

1728-404: The Javanese traditional house is the north-south axis of the kalang house, however the emphasis is more on practicality instead of traditional ritual. Room layout is similar with a traditional Javanese house but the use can be different. Wayang is performed in the peringgitan of a traditional Javanese house, but not in a Kalang house. The central senthong, a sacred space for rice goddess Sri in

1792-596: The Kalang People in Tegalgendu exchanged marriage partners with other Kalang groups living in similar ghetto-like settlements in various places of Central and East Java. In the late 19th-century, the Kalang people achieved a lot of advantages, especially with the improvement of transportation and monetization of the agricultural economy. Free of the Javanese value of harmony and the Islamic value of restrained economic greed (especially in taking interest of money lending),

1856-626: The Kalang people were able to collect great fortune from various trades, money lending and pawnshops . Before the administrative reform of the early 1920s there were two subgroups among the Kalang People of Tegalgendu: one belonging to the Surakarta Sunanate and other to the Yogyakarta Sultanate . The head of the Surakarta subgroup was given the title of mantri kalang , whose duty was to supervise carpentry services for

1920-514: The Kalangs were the result of the union between an ape and a princess, and so the Kalang people were rumored to possess ape-like tails and untamed supernatural power. Until the 1920s, they were concentrated in the neighborhood of Tegalgendu on the west bank of the Gajah Wong River and were not allowed to reside in Kotagede proper. Their name "Wong Kalang" is probably derived from their peculiar, Hindu-Balinese type ritual, obong kalang . Obong kalang

1984-525: The Market", the market's existence is as old as the kingdom. Similar to the Roman Forum, the market is also a meeting place. Legi , a day in Javanese week, is the market day for Kotagede, and so the market is also known as Pasar Legi or Sarlegi. The Pasar Legi of Kotagede is always held on Legi, unique in Yogyakarta. Panembahan Senopati built the inner city wall ( cepuri ) completed with the moat around

Kotagede - Misplaced Pages Continue

2048-496: The Mataram Mosque. The mosque was first established in 1575, the death year of Ki Ageng Pemanahan. The first major rebuilding was carried out during the reign of Sultan Agung to honor his ancestors. Rulers of Mataram, Surakarta , and Yogyakarta conducted several rehabilitation later on. The last major rebuilding was performed in 1926 under the order of Sunan Pakubuwana X after this mosque had caught on fire. The mosque

2112-701: The Pajang Palace. Prince Banawa then submitted his crown to Sutawijaya and thus ended the Kingdom of Pajang in 1586, when Sutawijaya founded the greatest Islamic kingdom in Java: Mataram Sultanate . The name of the land of Pajang has been known since the time of the Majapahit Empire . According to Nagarakretagama , written in 1365, at that time the younger sister of Hayam Wuruk (the king of Majapahit at that time) whose real name

2176-483: The arch-enemy of Prabu Baka, the king of Prambanan. This story is with the fairy tale of the founding of the Prambanan Temple . When Majapahit was led by Brawijaya V  [ id ] (the last king written in the babad texts), the name Pengging reappeared. It is said that Brawijaya V  [ id ] 's daughter, Retno Ayu Pembayun, was kidnapped by Menak Daliputih , the king of Blambangan ,

2240-493: The capital of his adoptive father. The small town became the capital of Mataram and perhaps since then it was dubbed Kotagede, "Great City". During this time the town was fortified with walls. The western wall was built along the Gajah Wong River, channeled to water the moats on three other sides of the fort. To successfully govern a territory, Senapati also established an alliance with supernatural power by performing austere meditation. According to Babad Mangkubumi, while performing

2304-577: The collapse of the Muslim kingdom in the Pasisir , or the northern coastal region of Java. According to the babad scripts, Andayaningrat died at the hands of Sunan Ngudung  [ id ] during the war between the Majapahit Empire and the Demak Sultanate . He was later replaced by his son, whose name was Raden Kebo Kenanga, with the title Ki Ageng Pengging. Since then Pengging has been

2368-481: The elements from the wooden traditional Javanese house with the brick Dutch architecture to form an eclectic blend of Javanese-Dutch architecture known locally as "Kalang Houses". Some neighborhoods contain narrow alleyways bordered by brick houses similar to European medieval cities. The silver crafts' houses can be found around the mosque while their galleries are along Kemasan Street. Kelurahan Jagalan, an area in Kotagede, contains several historic joglo houses,

2432-514: The end of the 19th century, transportation and monetization of the agricultural economy improved. Kotagede's merchants prospered during this era. Walled merchant houses called Kalang houses appeared during this era, constructed in thick masonry walls to protect the accumulated possessions. These traditional merchant houses sometimes combine elements from Dutch architecture which was considered luxurious, producing eclectic architecture. Silverware flourished during this era. Islamic reform emerged during

2496-456: The establishment of Kotagede as the capital of Mataram. During that time, the traditional silver, gold and copper industries began to develop, dominated by the use of repoussé (embossing) techniques. The products of this region were to fulfill the need of household and ceremonial equipment for the royal family. During the colonial period of the 1930s, silverworks and silver handicrafts prospered in Kotagede. The Dutch colonial government established

2560-575: The first half of the 18th century. The rebel leader, Sunan Kuning , occupied the throne of Mataram in Kartasura after Pakubawana II had left the capital in defeat. Pakubuwana II later regained his kingdom, but the throne had been tarnished, and so a new palace had to be established to have a purified center. In 1745, he created a new place which became the heart of the city of Surakarta . Unlike many other parts of Java, some ancestral lands including Kotagede were indivisible because they were regarded as

2624-501: The first quarter of the 20th century. Some local religious leaders established a religious organization named Syarikatul Mubtadi (The Union of the Beginners) intended to educate the people of Kotagede about the "true" Islamic ways of life. This initial movement grew much more expensive with the introduction of Muhammadiyah , a Yogyakarta-based Islamic reform organization. This reform aims to introduce rationality and Islamic teaching to

Kotagede - Misplaced Pages Continue

2688-490: The form of the boundaries of its foundations which are on the border of Pajang Village  [ id ] - Surakarta and Makamhaji Village  [ id ] , Kartasura , Sukoharjo . In the last battle against the last claimant of Demak, the vicious Arya Penangsang , Jaka Tingkir commissioned his greatest vassal, Ki Ageng Pamanahan, and his son, Sutawijaya , to destroy Arya Penangsang's army. The two managed to defeat and kill Arya Penangsang and were thus awarded

2752-507: The local community. Today, Kotagede is still considered the site of origin with supernatural power being the focus of ancestral blessings and prosperity. Administratively, the Kotagede area is divided into three villages ( Kelurahans ): Prenggan, Purbayan, and Rejowinangun which together form Kotagede District ( kecamatan ) within the City of Yogyakarta . Externally, Jagalan belongs to the adjoining Banguntapan District ( kecamatan ) which

2816-657: The mosque. The mosque is situated right to the east of the royal cemetery. The mosque area is a vast yard of sawo kecik ( Manilkara kauki ) trees, the two main buildings cover less than one-tenth of the entire area. A gate separates the great mosque and the royal cemetery complex. The area before the gate is called the Sendang Seliran complex. The royal cemetery is named Makam Kota Gede (in Indonesian) or formally ( Pasareyan ) Hasta Kitha Ageng (in Javanese). It

2880-491: The natives of Kotagede, which was the former capital of the Hindu Mataram Kingdom. Kalang people, known for their artistic skills in carving wood and gold, moved to Kotagede when Mataram needed skilled laborers and builders. Local legends say that the Kalang People were originally war captives brought back by Sultan Agung from his unsuccessful expedition to Bali in the early 17th-century. Legend said that

2944-477: The outside, the Latin words in the circle say: AD AETERNAM MEMORIAM INFELICIS - INFORTUNA CONSORTES DIGNI VALETE QUID STUPEARIS INSANI VIDETE IGNARI ET RIDETE, CONTEMNITE VOS CONTEMTU VERE DIGNI - IGM (In Glorium Maximam) . Batu gatheng (also watu cantheng ) are three pale yellowish stone balls of different sizes placed on a stone slab. These balls are believed by the locals to be the playing stones of Raden Rongo,

3008-518: The palace. These inner walls covered an area of more or less 400x400 meters. Ruins can still be seen on the southwest and southeast corners. The wall was 4 feet thick and made of stone blocks. The moat can be seen on the East, South, and West. The outer city wall ( baluwerti ) is located to the south of the Batu Gilang site. The brick ruins are 50 meters long with remnants of the moat. Bokong Semar

3072-443: The present. A prince named Mas Jolang succeeded Senapati in 1601. During his 12 years of reign, he carried out many construction projects within the palace and the surrounding area, the most important building he constructed in the palace was Prabayeksa. Archeologist Willem Frederik Stutterheim notes the importance of this central building since the pre-Islamic Majapahit . In the contemporary palace of Yogyakarta , this name refers to

3136-529: The repair of buildings in the Royal Cemetery complex. The Yogyakarta subgroup specialized in transporting goods between the port town of Semarang and Yogyakarta, a task which was granted by the Yogyakarta court solely to this subgroup. Sometime around the turn of the century, the Surakarta subgroup obtained a license from the court to open pawnshops throughout the territory. Within a short period, they developed an extensive network of pawnshops bringing in

3200-533: The ruler. A settlement was established and was named Mataram as Pemanahan himself was called Ki Gedhe Mataram, "the Lord of Mataram". After Pemanahan died in 1575, Danang Sutawijaya announced himself, king of Mataram, with the title of Panembahan Senapati Ingalaga, "the Lord to Whom Obeisance is Paid, Commander in the Battlefield". He expanded his territory by conquering some major parts of Java, including Pajang,

3264-418: The society of Kotagede, which is considered to be superstitious. Masjid Perak (Silver Mosque) was constructed in 1940 on the major streets of Kotagede. Indonesia experienced "tourism booming" at the beginning of the 1970s and it had a positive influence on Kotagede. Several old houses were developed as craft showrooms and restaurants. Ruins are preserved. Many old buildings in Kotagede were destroyed following

SECTION 50

#1732775491094

3328-468: The son of Menak Jingga. A hero named Jaka Sengara appears who manages to seize the princess and kill the kidnapper. For his services, Jaka Sengara was appointed by Brawijaya  [ id ] as the Pengging regent (bupati) and married Retno Ayu Pembayun. He then was given the title Andayaningrat . The Kingdom of Panjang is seen as the first kingdom that emerged in the interior of Java after

3392-413: The son of Panembahan Senapati. Others claim that the stones are cannonballs. Batu genthong is believed to be the stone for containing the water used for Islamic ritual ablution . It is used by royal advisors of Panembahan Senopati: Ki Juru Mertani and Ki Ageng Giring. The great mosque (Masjid gede) of Kotagede is the largest monument attributed to the kingdom of Mataram, therefore it is nowadays called

3456-499: The stones are protected inside a small building, located in the middle of the road and surrounded by three banyan trees. Batu gilang (also watu gilang ) is a square-shaped black slab of stone believed to be the stone where Panembahan Senopati rested. Inscribed circularly on it are the words: "So Goes the World", each in Latin, French, Dutch, and Italian: Ita movetur Mundus - Ainsi va le Monde - Zoo gaat de wereld - Cosi va il Mondo . On

3520-480: The subordinate area of the Demak Kingdom. Several years later Ki Ageng Pengging was sentenced to death because he was accused of trying to rebel against the Demak Sultanate . His son, who had the title Jaka Tingkir , when he was an adult, actually served Demak . Jaka Tingkir's brilliant achievements in the army made him appointed as Trenggana's son-in-law and became the regent (bupati) of Pajang with

3584-644: The support of Ratu Kalinyamat (the regent (bupati) of Jepara and daughter of Trenggana), Adiwijaya and his followers succeeded in defeating Arya Penangsang. Adiwijaya then seized the throne of Demak and founded the Kingdom of Pajang. Pigeaud, T.G.T. and De Graaf, H.J. (1976).  Islamic States in Java 1500-1700 . Brill. Ricklefs, M.C. (2008). A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1200 . New York: Palgrave MacMillan. 7°34′27″S 110°47′08″E  /  7.57417°S 110.78556°E  / -7.57417; 110.78556 This Indonesia -related article

3648-576: The throne was Mas Rangsang (rule 1613-1645) better known as Sultan Agung Hanyakrakusuma , "The Great Sultan, Ruler of the Universe". He expanded his territory to include Central and East Java. He attacked Batavia twice although to no avail. Sultan Agung decided to leave Kotagede to a place called Kerta, about 5 km south of Kotagede, while initiating the construction of a new capital with much greater walls nearby named Plered . The capital of Mataram moved several times afterward only to return later to

3712-523: The title Adiwijaya. The Pajang area at that time covered the Pengging area (now roughly covering Boyolali and Klaten ), Tingkir (the Salatiga area), Butuh , and its surroundings. After the death of Trenggana in 1546, then Sunan Prawata  [ id ] took the throne. However, Sultan Prawata was killed by his cousin, Arya Penangsang, the regent (bupati) of Jipang in 1547. After that, Arya Penangsang tried to kill Adiwijaya but failed. With

3776-529: The town. A neighborhood called Alun-alun is situated to the south of the market, right in front of the great mosque. A place called Dalem (inner house) signifies its former designation as the residence of the ruler. The Kedhaton , (also Kedaton ), or "royal palace", existed on the site in 1509. Nowadays, the only remains of the royal palace are three stones, each called batu gilang ("glittering stone"), batu gatheng ("gatheng (stone-throwing game) stone"), and batu genthong ("water barrel stone"). At present,

3840-493: The two palaces of Yogyakarta and Surakarta . The portal to the cemetery has the feature of Hindu architecture, each portal contains a thick wooden handle heavily decorated with carvings. The walled cemetery does not act as a physical protection of the graves and their adornments, the enclosures separate the realm of the dead from those of the living. Another royal cemetery nearby is the Hastorenggo cemetery. Built in 1934, it

3904-481: Was Dyah Nertaja served as the ruler of Pajang, had the title Bhatara i Pajang , or abbreviated as Bhre Pajang . Dyah Nertaja is the mother of Wikramawardhana (the heir of Majapahit at the time). Based on the babad scripts, the Pengging  [ id ] country is called the forerunner of Pajang. The legendary folklore mentions that Pengging was an ancient kingdom that was once led by Prabu Anglingdriya ,

SECTION 60

#1732775491094

3968-634: Was a funeral ritual in which a paper figure representing the deceased person was "cremated" at intervals indicated by the Hindu-Balinese calendar while the actual corpse was buried in the ground, following Muslim practice. As their professed religion, they followed Islam, but the Wong Kalang practiced many other customs, which looked strange to native Kotagedeans. Kalang people were also noted for endogamy. Many marriages between cousins, including first cousins, occurred in Kalang society. Sometimes

4032-664: Was a short-lived Muslim state in Java . It was established by Adiwijaya or Jaka Tingkir, Lord of Boyolali , after a civil war and was a successor to Sultanate of Demak . Adiwijaya claimed to be a descendant of Brawijaya V, the last king of the Majapahit empire, and Trenggana, the sultan of Demak. Pajang is based in Central Java as a continuation of the Demak Sultanate. The palace complex at this time only remains in

4096-406: Was built in traditional Javanese architecture . It consists of a pair of buildings: the main prayer hall and a front hall commonly called serambi . The prayer hall is a building of thick plain walls, while the serambi is a porch-like semi-attached building. Surrounding the porch is a moat to enable one to dip his or her feet before reaching the serambi , symbolically purifying anything that enters

#93906