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34-539: Sanuki , the name of the ancient province that preceded the modern Kagawa Prefecture , appears in the names of four stations on the line. The Uzushio limited express serves the entire line. Two round-trips per day run through to/from Okayama . In addition to local trains that run the entire length of the Kōtoku Line, there are trains that run between Takamatsu and Orange Town, Sambommatsu, and Hiketa, as well as between Tokushima and Itano and Tokushima and Hiketa. For

68-523: A benign deity through ritual pacification and posthumous honors. Michizane had an exceptional talent in poetry both for waka (poetry in Japanese) and kanshi (poetry in Chinese). Like his father, Michizane had a talent for poetry, and it is said that he began composing waka at the age of five. His waka appeared in various Chokusen wakashū (imperial waka anthologies) compiled at

102-521: A single-tracked line service levels are quite high, except along the prefectural border between Itano and Hiketa. In Tokushima there are through trains to/from the Naruto and Mugi lines, with one train per day running from Takamatsu to Mugi via Anan . Since the completion of electrification work between Takamatsu and Iyoshi on the Yosan Line, the Kōtoku Line has received some of the newest DMUs on

136-576: Is the original form of this poem, when re-collected later in Hōbutsushū , the last phrase was modified into haru na wasure so (meaning remains unchanged), which became its popular variation. A romantic legend says the plum tree was so fond of its master that it finally flew to Dazaifu, and that tree became known as tobi-ume ( 飛梅 , 'the flying plum' ) at Dazaifu Tenman-gū (a shrine dedicated to its master). A more realistic legend says Michizane or his friend transplanted its seedling to Dazaifu. He

170-526: Is today revered in Shinto as the god of learning, Tenman-Tenjin ( 天満天神 , often shortened to Tenjin ) . In the famed poem anthology Hyakunin Isshu , he is known as Kanke ( 菅家 ) , and in kabuki drama he is known as Kan Shōjō ( 菅丞相 ) . Along with Taira no Masakado and Emperor Sutoku , he is often called one of the “Three Great Onryō of Japan.”. He was born into a family of scholars, who bore

204-509: The Ako controversy or Akō Incident ( 阿衡事件 , akō jiken ) in 888 over Mototsune's unclear role in the court after Emperor Uda's ascension. Michizane, defending the court scholars and emperor sent a letter of censure to Mototsune, and gained the favor of Emperor Uda. With his term as governor completed in 890, Michizane returned to the court in Kyoto . In Emperor Uda's struggles to restore power to

238-839: The Battle of Yashima . In the Muromachi period , the area came under the control of the Hosokawa clan , who were appointed as shugo by the Ashikaga shogunate . However, in the Sengoku period , the Hosokawa were eclipsed by the Miyoshi clan . The Miyoshi were in turn invaded by Chōsokabe clan from Tosa Province and the Chōsokabe were in turn defeated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi . The province

272-810: The Edo Period . In the Heian period , Sanuki was famous for its associations with the Buddhist monk Kūkai as both his birthplace and the place of his early upbringing. Later, the famed poet Sugawara no Michizane served as governor of the province from 886 to 890 AD. At the end of the Heian period, the Heike clan , which controlled maritime routes on the Seto Inland Sea, had Yashima as one of their main strongholds, but were defeated by Minamoto no Yoshitsune at

306-606: The Gokishichidō system, Sanuki was one of the provinces of the Nankaidō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Sanuki was ranked as one of the "upper countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "middle countries" (中国) in terms of distance from the capital. The provincial capital was located in what is now the city of Sakaide , but its exact location was only identified in 2012. The ichinomiya of

340-477: The hereditary title of Ason ( 朝臣 ) which predated the Ritsuryō system and its ranking of members of the court. His grandfather, Sugawara no Kiyotomo , served the court, teaching history in the national school for future civil bureaucrats and even attained the third rank. His father, Sugawara no Koreyoshi , began a private school in his mansion and taught students who prepared for the entrance examination to

374-642: The Awa Electric Railway opened a line from Nakahara to Naruto, including the Yoshinari to Ikenotani section, which is now part of the Kotoku Line. The Takamatsu to Hikida section was opened between 1925 and 1928 by the (then) Japanese Imperial Railways . In 1933 the Awa Electric Railway was nationalised, and in 1935 the Hikida to Ikenotani and Yoshinari to Sako sections were opened, completing

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408-658: The JR Shikoku network. Local services often use 1000 series , 1200 series and 1500 series DMUs, while limited express services are handled by N2000 series DMUs. The first part of what is now the Kotoku Line was built by the Tokushima Railway, being the Sako to Tokushima section of its line from Kamojima (now the Tokushima Line ) opened on February 16, 1899. That company was nationalised in 1907. In 1916

442-1140: The behest of successive emperors and the Daijō Tennō (abdicated emperor) . His waka appear in the Kokin Wakashū , the Gosen Wakashū , the Shūi Wakashū , and the Shin Kokin Wakashū , among others. Michizane is traditionally credited with the Shinsen Man'yōshū , but the attribution has been challenged. One of his waka was included in Fujiwara no Teika 's Ogura Hyakunin Isshu : このたびは ぬさもとりあへず 手向山 紅葉の錦 神のまにまに Kono tabi wa Nusa mo toriaezu Tamuke-yama Momiji no nishiki Kami no mani-mani On this journey I have no streamers made of silk to offer up. Gods, if it pleases you, may you take instead this beautiful brocade of Mt. Tamuke's autumn colors. The poem

476-536: The court bureaucracy under the Ministry of Civil Affairs . By 874 Michizane had reached the fifth rank (his father the fourth rank), and served briefly under the Ministry of War before being transferred to a more desirable role in the Ministry of Popular Affairs . His training and skill with Classical Chinese language and literature afforded him many opportunities to draft edicts and correspondences for officials in

510-460: The court he ran the school his father founded, the Kanke Rōka ( 菅家 廊下 , lit. "Sugawara Family Hall") . In 877, he was also promoted to professor of literature at the academy, Later, he was also appointed Doctorate of Literature ( 文章博士 , monjō hakushi ) the highest professorial office at Daigaku. This office was considered to be the highest honor a historian could achieve. In 886, Sugawara

544-675: The court in addition to his menial duties. Records show at this time he composed three petitions for Fujiwara no Yoshifusa as well as the Emperor. Michizane also took part in receiving delegations from the Kingdom of Parhae , where Michizane's skill with Chinese again proved useful in diplomatic exchanges and poetry exchange. In 877, he was assigned to the Ministry of the Ceremonial, which allowed him to manage educational and intellectual matters more than before. In addition to his offices at

578-483: The crown prince as the main successor to the emperor's throne, Michizane was demoted from his aristocratic rank of junior second to a minor official post at Dazaifu , in Kyūshū 's Chikuzen Province where he and his entire family was banished. He died in exile in 903. After Michizane's death, plague and drought spread and sons of Emperor Daigo died in succession. The Imperial Palace's Great Audience Hall ( shishinden )

612-478: The east wind blows, flourish in full bloom, you plum blossoms! Even though you lose your master don't be oblivious to spring. Nioi okose yo can be interpreted as "spread your scent" rather than "flourish in full bloom", although such a usage of the word nioi as "scent" or "smell" is relatively modern and rare in the classical period. The above is from the 1006th poem of the Shūi Wakashū ; although this

646-531: The emperor to abolish the Japanese envoys to Tang. The theory is that if Michizane had been sent to Tang as an ambassador, he would have been removed from the center of power at the court, and he advised the emperor to abolish the envoys to avoid this. Within the abdication of Emperor Uda, Michizane's position became increasingly vulnerable. In 901, through the political maneuverings of his rival, Fujiwara no Tokihira, who accused him of favouring Prince Tokiyo over

680-525: The imperial family, away from the Fujiwara, a number of officials from non-Fujiwara families were promoted to key positions, including Imperial offshoots in the Minamoto family and Sugawara no Michizane. In a rapid series of promotions beginning in 891, Michizane rose to the senior third rank in 897. According to one document signed by Michizane in 894, he already held the following posts in the court: He

714-535: The line. In 1977 CTC signalling became operational for the line, and freight operations ceased in 1986. With the privatization of JNR , the line became part of the Shikoku Railway Company (JR Shikoku) on April 1, 1987. On June 1, 1988, the line name changed from Kōtoku Main Line to Kōtoku Line. The elevated Sako Station was commissioned in 1993, and in 1998 track improvement allowing faster speeds

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748-408: The national school or who had ambitions to be officers of the court, including his own son Michizane. Michizane passed the entrance examination, and entered Daigaku , as the national academy was called at the time. After graduation he began his career in the court as a scholar as a relatively prestigious senior sixth rank upper in 870. His rank coincided with his role initially as a minor official in

782-453: The nation’s resources, the province had 395 villages with a total kokudaka of 293,628 koku . Sanuki Province consisted of the following districts: Following the abolition of the han system , Sanuki Province became Kagawa Prefecture in 1872. However, the following year Kagawa was merged with Tokushima Prefecture and the island of Awaji to form Myōdō Prefecture ( 名東県 ) . It was separated again on September 5, 1875, but on August 21, 1876

816-745: The province is the Tamura jinja located on the city of Takamatsu . In the Kojiki and other ancient texts, this area was called Iyorihiko ( 飯依比古 ) , but was also called "Sanuki" under various spellings. Sanuki Province was formed by the Ritsuryo reforms. The Shiwaku Islands in the Seto Inland Sea were initially considered part of the province, but Shōdoshima and the Naoshima Islands were not transferred from Bizen Province until

850-534: Was also interested in kanshi , because in those days the immersion in the Chinese culture was regarded as a proof of refinement and scholarship. Since his excellence in kanshi was well known throughout the court, Emperor Daigo suggested he compile his Chinese poems, and therefore he published Kanke Bunsō ( 菅家文草 , "Chinese poetry by Sugawara no Michizane") and dedicated it to the emperor in 900. After his exile he continued to work on kanshi and compiled them into

884-479: Was appointed ambassador to China in the 890s, but instead came out in support of abolition of the imperial embassies to China in 894, theoretically in consideration for the decline of the Tang dynasty . On the other hand, some historians point to a power struggle between Michizane and his political rivals, the influential Fujiwara no Tokihira and other Fujiwara clans , as another reason for Sugawara Michizane to advise

918-461: Was appointed to be Provincial governor ( Kokushi ) of Sanuki Province . Modern research shows that many bureaucrats in the court, if they lacked sufficient reputation, were assigned at least one term in a remote province, and Michizane was no exception. During his four-year tenure in the province, Michizane's informal poetry increased, and up to 26% of his poetry still extant was composed in this narrow time. Among his duties, based on limited records,

952-531: Was awarded by Hideyoshi to his general Ikoma Chikamasa , who made Takamatsu Castle his stronghold. In the Edo period , Sanuki was divided into five areas; three han , tenryō territory under direct control of the Tokugawa shogunate and a part of Tsuyama Domain whose headquarters was on Honshū . Per the early Meiji period Kyudaka kyuryo Torishirabe-chō ( 旧高旧領取調帳 ) , an official government assessment of

986-478: Was completed, and Orange Town Station opened. This article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Japanese Misplaced Pages. Sanuki Province Sanuki Province ( 讃岐国 , Sanuki-no kuni ) was a province of Japan in the area of northeastern Shikoku . Sanuki bordered on Awa to the south, and Iyo to the west. Its abbreviated form name was Sanshū ( 讃州 ) . In terms of

1020-452: Was deified as Tenjin-sama , a god of sky and storms. Eventually Tenjin evolved into a benign kami of scholarship. Today many Shinto shrines in Japan are dedicated to him. He became the most notable example of an interesting spiritual transformation: a vengeful Japanese spirit, onryō or goryō , often a former aristocrat who was wrongfully killed, and consequently seeking revenge, becomes

1054-415: Was merged with Ehime Prefecture. It was separated again on December 3, 1888. [REDACTED] Media related to Sanuki Province at Wikimedia Commons Sugawara no Michizane Sugawara no Michizane ( 菅原 道真/菅原 道眞 , August 1, 845 – March 26, 903) was a scholar, poet, and politician of the Heian period of Japan. He is regarded as an excellent poet, particularly in waka and kanshi poetry, and

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1088-537: Was originally the 420th of the Kokin Wakashū . Another of his famous waka is a poem written in 901 just before he left Kyoto for Daizaifu by demotion. He felt deep sorrow that he would never see his precious plum tree in his residence in Kyoto again, so he talked endearingly to it: 東風吹かば にほひをこせよ 梅の花 主なしとて 春を忘るな Kochi fukaba Nioi okose yo Ume no hana Aruji nashi tote Haru o wasuru na When

1122-413: Was struck repeatedly by lightning, and the city experienced weeks of rainstorms and floods. Attributing this to the angry spirit of the exiled Sugawara, the imperial court built a Shinto shrine called Kitano Tenman-gū in Kyoto, and dedicated it to him. They posthumously restored his title and office, and struck from the record any mention of his exile. Even this was not enough, and 70 years later Sugawara

1156-560: Was to tour the province, recommend outstanding individuals to the court, and to punish as needed. In 887, Michizane had to petition and pray to the Buddhas and the Shinto kami to help relieve a drought at the time. Records of the time imply that Michizane's time as governor had met with only middling success. While serving as governor, a political conflict arose between Emperor Uda and Fujiwara no Mototsune of powerful Fujiwara clan called

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