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40-630: Kochrab Ashram , also known as Satyagraha Ashram , is a historic site and museum in Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India. The ashram was the founded in May 1915 by Mahatma Gandhi , leader of the Indian independence movement . For the next two years he lived in the ashram with several other members of the movement. Some of his Gandhian ideas were conceived during that time. In 1953 the Bombay State named

80-479: A Dalit family in September 1915 caused a controversy among the members and the cessation of donations. Gandhi stood firm in his decision and was anonymously helped by Ambalal Sarabhai who donated ₹ 13,000, saving the ashram from closing. During an outbreak of plague , Gandhi noted the risk to the ashram's children and had them moved to a new ashram a safe distance from the city. Gandhi and other members moved to

120-592: A Republic Day parade. There were also 58 deaths in Gandhidham . In Ahmedabad , 1,021 apartments and 82 houses collapsed, and 752 people were killed. Total property damage was estimated at $ 7.5 billion. In Kutch, the earthquake destroyed about 60% of food and water supplies and around 258,000 houses, 90% of the district's housing stock. The biggest setback was the total demolition of the Bhuj Civil hospital. The Indian military provided emergency support which

160-650: A bunglow in Kochrab village, then on the outskirts of Ahmedabad, for an annual rent of ₹ 1 while Gandhi was founding the ashram. Gandhi named it the "Satyagraha Ashram" to highlight satyagraha , the approach of nonviolent resistance he had successfully employed in South Africa, and his intention to bring it to India. The ashram is commonly called Kochrab Ashram to avoid confusion with Sabarmati Ashram .. Other suggested names included Tapovan and Sevashram. On 20 May 1915, Gandhi and his compatriots formally took over

200-467: A veranda . The first floor features a low-seating conference room, a library and a large balcony where a brass bell was used to alert the members of the ashram of scheduled activities. The top floor is wooden and is reached by a wooden staircase. A writing desk, charkha , photographs and documents associated with Mahatma Gandhi are displayed. A series of wall panels featuring quotes from his autobiography, The Story of My Experiments with Truth , narrate

240-412: A US$ 2.5 million package to revive small, medium, and cottage industries. The World Bank and Asian Development Bank also provided loans worth $ 300 million and $ 500 million, respectively. Assistance was offered from many countries and organisations. [REDACTED]   Vietnam [REDACTED]   Saudi Arabia Smritivan , a memorial park and museum dedicated to victims of the earthquake

280-532: A fault. The earthquake was caused by movement on a previously unknown south-dipping fault, trending parallel to the inferred rift structures. No major surface ruptures were associated with the shock, classifying it as a blind thrust earthquake. Lateral spreading was widely reported and strike-slip faulting was observed at Bharodia and Manfara. On the moment magnitude scale , the International Seismological Centre said it measured

320-399: A great extent to the conservation of historical sites through revenue and in sustainable development. Historic sites and heritage sites are often maintained for members of the public to be able to visit, with some offering tours or running visitors' centers. Historic buildings and spaces also often include a map with a description of the place for visitor orientation. A World Heritage Site

360-473: A magnitude of 7.6, while United States Geological Survey put it at 7.7. A finite fault model from the USGS estimated that the earthquake rupture had an area of 141 km (88 mi) x 18 km (11 mi). Slip was mostly concentrated around the northern patches of the rupture, with a maximum slip of 9.695 m (31.81 ft) recorded in the village of Chobari . The full rupture also extended through

400-547: A shared living space to foster personal growth, self-reliance, and community service - an ashram . Many cities including Ahmedabad, Calcutta , Rajkot and Haridwar invited him to build his ashram in their communities. During a visit in January 1915, Hariprasad Desai and others persuaded Gandhi to choose Ahmedabad. According to Gandhi, as a Gujarati, he could better serve using his native language. A large textile industry and history of loom weaving would also help to revive

440-507: A way of accessing culture".  However, according to Hernández, protection can be complicated, especially in the case of property purchase or transfer since its protected status is sometimes unknown to its new owners. The registries prepared by the different governments and international organizations (such as UNESCO or the European Union ) are usually developed within the framework of very detailed legislation, which contemplates

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480-480: Is a historic site with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). As of June 2023, a total of 1,157 World Heritage Sites (900 cultural, 218 natural, and 39 mixed properties) exist across 167 countries . World Heritage Sites often attract large amounts of visitors. The most visited sites are

520-473: The Dandi March . The ashram spreads over 5,000 square metres (54,000 sq ft) and has a European-style bungalow with a large garden. The two-storey structure, with a dozen rooms and a tile roof, has thick walls covered with limestone; the wooden ceiling is supported by wooden pillars. Gandhi, Kasturba , and other members used the ground floor rooms.There are bathrooms and a storeroom, surrounded by

560-751: The Forbidden City , China , with 14 million annual visitors, Gulangyu , China, with 12.4 million annual visitors, and the Great Smoky Mountains , United States , with 11 million annual visitors. In the United States , the National Register of Historic Places keeps track of over 90,000 sites of significance. Roughly three percent, or about 2,600, are formally recognized as National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) , with New York , Massachusetts , and Pennsylvania featuring

600-467: The cottage industry of hand spinning . He also hoped for financial support from Ahmedabad's wealthy citizens. On 11 May 1915, Gandhi gave a list of items required for the ashram to mill owner Mangaldas Girdhardas , and estimated an annual expenditure of ₹ 6000. In Ahmedabad, Gandhi resided with his friend, barrister Jivanlal Desai, with whom he had studied in London. Desai offered his "vacation-home",

640-493: The Gujarat Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy. The policy proposed a different approach to urban and rural construction with the estimated cost of rebuilding to be US$ 1.77 billion. The main objectives of the policy included repairing, building, and strengthening houses and public buildings. Other objectives included the revival of the economy, health support, and reconstruction of

680-611: The Interior , before being officially registered. About 179 countries have a system of registering historic sites, whether for notation, preservation, or both. In addition, some regions such as Europe and the Caribbean have historic registries spanning multiple countries. 2001 Gujarat earthquake The 2001 Gujarat earthquake , also known as the Bhuj earthquake , occurred on 26 January at 08:46 am IST . The epicentre

720-584: The ashram a memorial and tendered it to the Gujarat Vidyapith a year later. Its renovation and redevelopment into a museum were completed in 2024. The site includes a European style two-storey bungalow, a large garden, separate kitchen, and activity buildings. Gopal Krishna Gokhale had requested Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa to organise a community for the Swaraj movement . When he did return In 1915, Gandhi planned to establish

760-649: The bungalow and performed vastu puja . They moved in on 22 May 1915, and formally established the ashram on 25 May 1915. Initially it housed about 25 men and women, including 13 Tamils who had returned from South Africa. Maganlal Gandhi was an initial member. Mahatma Gandhi created rules and observances for members of the ashram. Several Gandhian ideas, including the use of khadi and self-reliance, were implemented during his stay. He urged members to practice celibacy, engage in physical labour and wear swadeshi clothes. The membership increased to about 100, including Vinoba Bhave and Kaka Kalelkar . Gandhii's admitting of

800-532: The cities of Bhuj and Rapar , although slip in these areas was extremely minor. The death toll varies greatly, with the United States Geological Survey 's PAGER -CAT catalog reporting 20,023 fatalities while earlier estimates had placed the death toll at 125,000. Additionally, 166,836 injuries were recorded, and a total of 28 million people across Gujarat were affected, and 442 villages lost at least 70% of houses. Bhuj , one of

840-935: The closest cities to the epicenter, was devastated, with 95% of buildings destroyed or uninhabitable after the quake. The quake also destroyed eight schools, two hospitals and 4 km of road in the city, and partly destroyed the Bhuj's historic Swaminarayan temple and historic forts, Prag Mahal and Aina Mahal . The Indian National Trust for Arts and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) inspected more than 250 heritage buildings in Kutch and Saurashtra and found that about 40% of them either collapsed or were seriously damaged; only 10% were undamaged. Bhuj's district hospital collapsed, killing about 193 people inside. Over 1.2 million houses in 8,000 villages and 490 towns were damaged or destroyed, as well as 12,000 schools, 2,000 health facilities, many historic buildings and tourist attractions; 400,000 of

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880-460: The community and social infrastructure. The housing policies focused on the removal of rubble, setting up temporary shelters, full reconstruction of damaged houses, and the retrofitting of undamaged units. The policy established a community-driven housing recovery process. The communities affected by the earthquake were given the option for complete or partial relocation to in-situ reconstruction. The total number of eligible houses to be repaired

920-573: The conditions from the site's overseeing body. Many times, these conditions are part of the purchase or rental contract, and their fulfillment is essential to be able to keep the property. One such condition may be periodic control visits by the corresponding conservation entity. In other cases, when it comes to private property in the possession of an individual prior to its classification, the conservation and rehabilitation tasks, or at least their financing, fall to public authorities and conservation entities. In almost all cases, reform and renovation works on

960-504: The damaged homes completely collapsed. Across Bhachau , over 5,000 people died and 9,000 houses were damaged or destroyed. In Chobari , the closest settlement to the epicenter, all 3,200 houses were razed and 648 residents were killed. Adhoi village lost 354 residents, including 25 students at a school. Much of Vondh was also razed and 400 people died there. All 208 houses in the village of Visnagar were also destroyed. In Anjar , over 2,000 people died, including 204 who were killed at

1000-482: The form of eight town planning schemes. This was implemented by deducting land from private lot sizes to create adequate public land for the widening of roadways. The remaining land was readjusted and given back to the original owners as final plots. The Government of Gujarat created four assistance packages worth up to US$ 1 billion to support the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the city. These packages assisted about 300,000 families. The government also announced

1040-420: The foundation of a tourist trend — cultural tourism — that, despite its long history documented in the well-known travel books from the 18th and 19th centuries, it wasn't until the end of the 20th century that it appeared as a way of traveling where the objective is knowledge of culture and diversity ...". García affirms that the relationship between heritage and tourism is currently very close, which contributes

1080-464: The history of the compound. There are also large portraits of Gandhi, Kasturba and some Gandhi influences, Leo Tolstoy , Shrimad Rajchandra and John Ruskin . The kitchen is located in the building's rear and consists of a single floor with a tiled roof, a storeroom, toilets and bathrooms. Panch Ordio , “five rooms,” is an elongated building which was utilized for a variety of activities, including weaving and carpentry. The modern Activities Centre

1120-414: The management of all classified sites, while in others regional entities are in charge. According to civil law expert Estefanía Hernández Torres, whose doctoral thesis deals with historical heritage and property registration, "the protection of historical heritage is one of the main concerns of civilized societies. The assets that make up the cultural legacy are deserving of protection as they constitute

1160-618: The most NHLs. The U.S. National Park Service runs historic site preservation under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 . Each state government has a State Historic Preservation Office to oversee NHL upkeep and review applications for new ones. In addition, all sites must first be approved by the National Park Service and its special advisory board, as well as the Secretary of

1200-475: The new Sabarmati Ashram on 17 June 1917. On 4 October 1953, then Chief Minister of Bombay State Morarji Desai declared the ashram a memorial. In 1954, the management was transferred to Gujarat Vidyapith where Desai was chancellor. The ashram is still owned by the state. The 2001 Gujarat earthquake damaged the structure which was repaired with government funds. The damaged Kota stone floor in Gandhi's room

1240-400: The original rift faults and development of new low-angle thrust faults . The related folding has formed a series of ranges, particularly in central Kutch. The focal mechanism of most earthquakes is consistent with reverse faulting on reactivated rift faults. The pattern of uplift and subsidence associated with the 1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake is consistent with reactivation of such

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1280-940: The people in question still lived in them), preserving their furniture, belongings, decorative elements and work tools. Some examples are the Salvador Dalí House Museum in Portlligat, Spain , the Freud museum houses in various European cities, or the Ben-Yehuda House in Jerusalem, Israel . According to Joaquin Saúl García, Professor of Geography at the University of Castilla-La Mancha in Spain , "in recent years, cultural heritage has become

1320-525: The plate boundary between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate , but the current tectonics are still governed by the effects of the continuing continental collision along this boundary. During the break-up of Gondwana in the Jurassic , this area was affected by rifting with a roughly west–east trend. During the collision with Eurasia the area has undergone shortening, involving both reactivation of

1360-497: The property (both internal and external) that are not part of the rehabilitation and recovery of historical elements are strictly prohibited. Historical heritage has important social significance and function. House museums are common, being former homes of famous people (artists, pioneers, soldiers, politicians, businessmen, etc.) who have exerted a great influence on local, national or international history and folklore. These houses are usually preserved in their original state (when

1400-468: The relations between public authorities, conservation entities (institutional or private), the owners of the properties (in the cases of private property) and citizen collaboration. Beyond the historical and factual data, there are also observations on the historical, cultural or artistic significance of the site, in addition to the cost for its use and preservation. Many historical sites can still be used by their owners (ex: homes, hotels, museums), even with

1440-418: Was 929,682 and the total number of eligible houses to be reconstructed was 213,685. By 2003, 882,896 (94%) houses were repaired and 113,271 (53%) were reconstructed. The Environmental Planning Collaborative (EPC) was commissioned to provide a new city plan for the city of Bhuj . The plan focused on creating a wider roadway network to provide emergency access to the city. The EPC used land readjustment (LR) in

1480-669: Was about 9 km south-southwest of the village of Chobari in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch (Kachchh) District of Gujarat , India . The intraplate earthquake measured 7.6 on the moment magnitude scale and occurred at 17.4 km (10.8 mi) depth. It had a maximum felt intensity of X ( Extreme ) on the Mercalli intensity scale . The earthquake killed at least 20,023 people (including 19 in southeastern Pakistan ), injured another 166,000 and destroyed nearly over 400,000 buildings. Gujarat lies 300–400 km from

1520-403: Was built in 2024 and has around 10 rooms (four air-conditioned) on the top floor. The rooms are named after various past members of the ashram. There is a book and souvenir shop for visitors. In 2015, 19,500 people toured the ashram. Historic site The conservation of historical heritage depends on the legislation of local governing bodies. In some, a national authority is responsible for

1560-611: Was later augmented by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Society . A temporary Red Cross hospital remained in Bhuj to provide care while a replacement hospital was built. There were also 19 deaths in Pakistan . The Badin - Tharparkar area recorded 12 deaths, 115 injuries, 1,989 collapsed homes and 43,643 damaged homes. Four months after the earthquake the Gujarat government announced

1600-463: Was replaced with new polished stone. Later, the ashram lost about 15-30 feet of land from its front side for expansion of the Ashram Road in exchange for the land granted at the back. Architect Snehal Shah and Poonam Trambadia managed a renovation and redevelopment from 2019 to 2024. The redeveloped ashram was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 12 March 2024, the 94th anniversary of

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