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56-508: KPF was founded in 1976 by A. Eugene Kohn, William Pedersen, and Sheldon Fox, all of whom coordinated their departure from John Carl Warnecke & Associates, among the largest architectural firms in the country. Shortly thereafter, the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) chose KPF to redevelop a former armory building on Manhattan's West Side to house TV studios and offices. This led to 14 more projects for ABC over

112-667: A sarcophagus , a sunken tomb , a raised tomb, and sculpture to mark the graves. Very late in the design process, two abstract sculptures were designed but ultimately rejected. The final design was unveiled publicly at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. , on November 13, 1964. The final design had won the approval of the Kennedy family, the Department of Defense , the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, and

168-416: A 76-page research report which concluded that the gravesite was not a memorial nor monument , but a grave. "This particular hillside, this flame, this man and this point in history must be synthesized in one statement that has distinctive character of its own. We must avoid adding elements that in later decades might become superficial and detract from the deeds of the man," Warnecke wrote For some time in

224-521: A building inspector for the public housing authority in Richmond, California . In 1943, he began work as a draftsman for his father's architectural firm (which specialized in the Beaux-Arts architectural style ). He was influenced by the work of architects Bernard Maybeck and William Wurster , leading proponents and practitioners of the "Bay Area school" of architecture. He established

280-430: A circular granite walkway which led to an elliptical marble plaza. The downslope side of the elliptical plaza would be enclosed by a low wall inscribed with quotes from Kennedy's speeches. Marble steps led up from the plaza to a rectangular terrace which enclosed a rectangular plot of grass in which the graves would reside. A retaining wall formed the rear of the burial site. The eternal flame would be placed in

336-619: A design which would incorporate the new buildings with the old. With this project, Warnecke was one of the first architects to receive a commission from the Kennedy administration. Warnecke conceived the basic design over that weekend, and worked closely with Jacqueline Kennedy over the next few months to formalize the design proposal. The design was presented to the public and the Commission of Fine Arts (which had approval over any plan) in October 1962, and with Jacqueline Kennedy's backing

392-480: A driving rain. The ceremony, which took 20 minutes, was attended by President Lyndon B. Johnson , Jacqueline Kennedy, and members of the Kennedy family. According to Warnecke (and others), during the design work on the Kennedy gravesite he became romantically involved with Jacqueline Kennedy. At one point, the couple contemplated marriage. They ended their involvement in December 1966. Warnecke's term on

448-411: A large sculptural cross to the site and to eliminate the eternal flame (which he felt was kitschy ). Warnecke consulted with Jacqueline Kennedy about the design of the grave many times over the following year. Hundreds of architectural drawings and models were produced to explore design ideas. On April 6, 1964, Warnecke sent a memorandum to Jacqueline Kennedy in which he outlined his desire to retain

504-492: A learning environment through mentoring supporting teams and individuals with new ideas, and sharing best practices". [REDACTED] Media related to Kohn Pedersen Fox at Wikimedia Commons John Carl Warnecke John Carl "Jack" Warnecke (February 24, 1919 – April 17, 2010) was an architect based in who designed numerous monuments and structures in the Modernist , Bauhaus , and other similar styles. He

560-500: A site next to the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration . As Warnecke and Kennedy had only discussed general themes for the design, I. M. Pei was selected by the Kennedy family to be the library's actual architect. President Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, and Warnecke was chosen by Jacqueline Kennedy to design John F. Kennedy's tomb six days later on November 28. Coincidentally,

616-420: A solo practice in 1950, and incorporated as a firm in 1956. At first, he set a goal of applying Modernist architectural principles to major types of building. His work soon reflected a desire to harmonize building designs with the environment in which they were set as well as their cultural and historical setting, an architectural theory known as contextualism. Warnecke won national recognition in 1951 for

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672-579: Is a 47-storey, 177 m (581 ft) tall skyscraper located in West District , Taichung , Taiwan . When it was completed in 2004, it was the tallest building in Taichung and it held the title for 14 years until it was surpassed by The Landmark (Taichung) . As of August 2022, it is the 21st tallest building in Taiwan and the second tallest in central Taiwan. This building has a peculiar shape of

728-613: Is leading the redevelopment of New York City Housing Authority's ( NYCHA ) Red Hook Houses, which suffered severe flooding and wind damage during Superstorm Sandy in 2012. The largest public housing development in Brooklyn, Red Hook Houses accommodates over 6,000 people across 28 buildings. Outside of the United States, KPF has been contributing to the regeneration and conservation of the Covent Garden Estate in

784-786: The American Institute of Architects (AIA) by 1964. He also received the Arnold W. Brunner Memorial Prize from the AIA in 1958, as well as the Urban Land Institute Award for Excellence in Architecture. He was a Senior Fellow of the Design Futures Council . Shr-Hwa International Tower The Shr-Hwa International Tower ( Chinese : 世華國際大樓 ; pinyin : Shìhuá Guójì Dàlóu )

840-810: The CITIC Tower in Beijing , China at 528 m / 1,732 ft; and Shanghai World Financial Center in Shanghai , China at 492 m / 1,614 ft. KPF takes on a large number of restoration and renovation projects. Examples of this work include The World Bank Headquarters, Unilever House , and The Landmark in Hong Kong. KPF has been recognized for workplace collaboration. KPF's intranet "Architectural Forum" has been described in Architectural Record as an example of "a resource that contributes to

896-638: The Fort Point Waterfront and The Pinnacle at Central Wharf , a 600-foot residential, office, and retail tower downtown. KPF is also designing the University of Michigan 's Detroit Center for Innovation, 601 West Pender in Vancouver , 81 Newgate Street in London, and The Bermondsey Project in south London , which will create around 1,548 homes on the site. KPF is also planning and designing

952-492: The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus and Grant's Tomb ) as well as all existing presidential burial sites. Warnecke discussed design concepts with more than 40 architects, sculptors , painters , landscape architects , stonemasons , calligraphers , and liturgical experts —including the sculptor Isamu Noguchi , architectural model maker Theodore Conrad, and the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts. Noguchi counseled Warnecke to add

1008-506: The National Capital Planning Commission . Two overarching design concerns guided the design of the site. First, Warnecke intended the grave itself to reflect the early New England tradition of a simple headstone set flat in the ground surrounded by grass. Second, the site was designed to reflect President Kennedy's Christian faith . As initially envisioned by Warnecke, the site would be accessed by

1064-492: The 1980s and 1990s, KPF transformed from an American firm known for its corporate designs into an international firm with institutional, government, and transportation commissions in addition to corporate work. KPF completed the design for two blocks of the large-scale Canary Wharf redevelopment (1987) and the Goldman Sachs Headquarters on Fleet Street (1987–1991). KPF has been selected for projects in

1120-624: The 1980s and began growing grapes at a vineyard in California's Alexander Valley . He reportedly spent some time writing about architecture. He devoted efforts to establishing the Warnecke Institute of Design, Art and Architecture, a think tank which looked at the effect worldwide trends (such as global warming and resource scarcity) will have on architecture. Warnecke worked on his memoirs , which he completed shortly before he died. Warnecke died of pancreatic cancer at

1176-739: The Asian market began with the 4,500,000 sq ft (420,000 m) Japan Railways Central Towers project in Nagoya (1999). Within 10 years, KPF had projects in Japan, Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Hong Kong, Taiwan and mainland China. Completed KPF projects in Asia include Plaza 66 on Shanghai's Nanjing Xi Lu (2001), Roppongi Hills in Tokyo (2003), Continental Engineering Corporation Tower in Taipei (2003),

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1232-875: The Canary Wharf area through to the present day, including the Clifford Chance Tower (2002) to KPMG's European Headquarters (2009). KPF's subsequent work in the United Kingdom includes Thames Court in London (1998), the Rothermere American Institute at Oxford University (2001) and the master plan for the London School of Economics (2002). KPF's design for the award-winning Westendstraße 1 in Frankfurt (1992), an early example of mixed-use design, further increased

1288-635: The Commission adopted the revised Warnecke design proposal. Warnecke's design for the square was based on the architectural theory of contextualism. Warnecke's design build the first modern buildings on Lafayette Square and they were the first buildings in the city to utilize contextualism as a design philosophy. Warnecke's design for the Markey National Courts Building was to create tall, flat structures in red brick which would serve as relatively unobtrusive backgrounds to

1344-508: The Kennedy grave site. The retaining wall behind the grave was removed, and the hill landscaped to allow an unobstructed view of Arlington House . Concerned that the grass on the burial plot would wither in Washington's hot summers, in the fall of 1966 the decision was made to replace the grass with rough-hewn reddish-gold granite fieldstone set in a flagstone pattern. The burial plot, originally designed to be raised some height above

1400-911: The Middle East, including the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Headquarters (2007) and the Marina Towers in Beirut (2008); South America including Ventura Corporate Towers in Rio de Janeiro (2008) and Infinity Tower in São Paulo (2012); Australia, including Chifley Tower in Sydney (1992); and has also worked on several projects in Africa. Four decades after its founding, KPF has refined particular expertise in

1456-718: The Mira Vista Elementary School in East Richmond Heights, California (a small residential community which overlooks the northern part of San Francisco Bay ). Other schools in the San Francisco Bay followed, earning him much praise. Warnecke became an internationally recognized architect after submitting a design for a new U.S. embassy in Thailand in 1956, which was never built. He reorganized his firm in 1958 under

1512-535: The President and Warnecke had visited the site which was to become Kennedy's tomb in March 1963, and the President had admired the peaceful atmosphere of the place. On November 24, Jacqueline Kennedy told friends that she wanted an eternal flame at the gravesite. Warnecke visited the grave with Jacqueline Kennedy and Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy on Wednesday, November 27, to discuss themes and plans for

1568-1005: The Rodin Pavilion in Seoul (2003), the Merrill Lynch Japan Head Office in Tokyo (2004), Shr-Hwa International Tower in Taichung (2004), and the Shanghai World Financial Center (2008), which was named the "Best Tall Building Overall" by the Council on Tall Buildings and the Urban Habitat in 2008. KPF worked with renowned structural engineers, Leslie E. Robertson Associates, to maximize the tower's floor plate and material efficiency by perfecting its tapered form. In addition to this work in Asia, KPF has completed projects in:

1624-488: The State of California acquired the property in 1956. The Warnecke buildings include, Surf and Sand Complex (1959); Corporation Yard (1959); Crocker Dining Hall Additions (1961); Sea Galaxy Complex (1964); Housekeeping (1965); Long View Complex (1966); and View Crescent Complex (1968). Warnecke's reputation as an architect received a substantial boost when he was asked by the administration of President John F. Kennedy to save

1680-548: The U.S. Commission of Fine Arts ended in July 1967, and he was not reappointed after President Johnson expressed his desire to have his own preferred architects on the board. Warnecke opened an office in New York City in 1967, hiring architects Eugene Kohn in 1967 and Sheldon Fox in 1972,. By 1977, his company, John Carl Warnecke & Associates, was the largest architectural firm in the United States. In 1976, Kohn left

1736-573: The U.S. Courthouse of Minneapolis (1996), the Buffalo Niagara International Airport (1993) and the multiple award-winning redevelopment of The World Bank Headquarters in Washington, D.C. (1996). KPF's winning entry in the international competition for the World Bank Headquarters, which drew 76 entrants from 26 countries, was the only entry that included the retention of existing structures. In

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1792-624: The age of 91 at his home in Healdsburg, California, on April 17, 2010. He was survived by his second wife, his daughter, and his two sons. Warnecke and his firm worked on and designed hundreds of buildings and projects. Among those on which Warnecke himself was sole or lead architect and which have drawn the notice of experts are the following: Warnecke won the National Institute of Arts and Letters Prize in Architecture in 1957. He received more than 13 honors and awards from

1848-601: The area of office design, supertall structures, and large-scale, urban, mixed use developments. In November 2018, the firm announced the opening of new offices in San Francisco, Berlin, and Singapore to support current projects, new commissions, and imminent endeavors in those regions. The firm's high-profile projects include One Vanderbilt , a new supertall office tower in Midtown Manhattan located next to Grand Central Terminal and providing direct access to

1904-402: The center of the grassy plot in a flat, triangular bronze sculpture intended to resemble a votive candle or brazier . The original design won near-universal praise. The U.S. Department of Defense formally hired Warnecke to design the approaches (although this was a fait accompli ). Prior to construction, which formally began in the spring of 1965, several design changes were made to

1960-448: The eternal flame as the centerpiece of the burial site and to keep the site's design as simple as possible. In the course of the research and conceptualization effort, Warnecke considered the appropriateness of structures or memorials at the site (such as crosses, shafts, pavilions , etc.), the history of Arlington National Cemetery, the vista, and how to handle ceremonies at the site. By August 1964, Warnecke and his assistants had written

2016-526: The firm after Warnecke refused him partnership, taking vice-president and designer William Pedersen, manager Sheldon Fox, and a large number of clients with him and founding Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF). Several Warnecke associates subsequently joined KPF, and when Warnecke's company subsequently languished, he began reducing his active involvement in his architectural practice. Warnecke purposely downsized his firm as he approached retirement, not wishing for his firm to continue after his death. Warnecke retired in

2072-764: The firm's international prominence and solidified the firm's reputation as a progressive global practice. KPF was chosen for subsequent projects throughout Europe, including Provinciehuis in The Hague (1998), Danube House in River City, Prague (2003), the expansion and renovation of the World Trade Center in Amsterdam (2004) and the Endesa Headquarters in Madrid (2003). KPF's introduction to

2128-428: The grave. He concluded that the permanent grave must be simple and must incorporate the eternal flame. A few days later, Warnecke agreed that, although it was not required, he would submit the design for the permanent Kennedy grave site to the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts. The grave design process was placed under tight secrecy. An extensive research project was conducted in which hundreds of famous tombs (such as

2184-566: The historic buildings surrounding Lafayette Square . The controversy over Lafayette Square can be traced back to 1900, when the United States Congress passed a resolution establishing the U.S. Senate Park Commission. The Park Commission's proposals, which came to be known as the " McMillan Plan ", proposed that all the buildings around Lafayette Square be razed and replaced by tall, Neoclassical buildings clad in white marble for use by executive branch agencies. Little action

2240-692: The lighter-colored residential homes like the Cutts-Madison House. The Cutts-Madison House , Cosmos Club building, and Benjamin Ogle Tayloe House were joined, and a courtyard built between them and the National Courts building. Warnecke continued to contribute to architectural design in Washington, D.C. He opened an office in the District of Columbia in 1962. He was made a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects

2296-757: The name John Carl Warnecke & Associates, the name it would be best known by. He was named an Associate of the National Academy of Design the same year. He won additional notice for buildings at Stanford University (built in the 1960s) and the University of California, Berkeley (built in the 1960s and early 1970s). Warnecke designed seven of the buildings at the 107 acres (43 ha) Asilomar Conference Grounds located in Pacific Grove, California , adjacent to Asilomar State Beach . The Asilomar Conference Grounds Warnecke Historic District consists of 22 buildings and related landscape features after

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2352-710: The new Hong Kong University of Science and Technology "sustainable, smart campus" in Guangzhou . KPF has been involved in the design of some of the world's tallest buildings including: Ping-An Financial Centre in Shenzhen, China at 600 m / 1,969 ft.; the Lotte World Tower in Seoul , South Korea at 555 m / 1,820 ft.; the CTF Finance Center in Guangzhou , China at 530 m / 1,739 ft.;

2408-440: The next 11 years, as well as commissions from major corporations across the country, including AT&T and Hercules Incorporated. By the mid-1980s, KPF had nearly 250 architects working on projects in cities throughout the United States. In 1985, John Burgee (of rival architecture firm John Burgee Architects) called KPF "The best commercial firm now practicing in the U.S." KPF's design for 333 Wacker Drive in Chicago (1983), which

2464-516: The roles of both master planner and architect for a collection of buildings. Also in London, the firm designed 52 Lime Street, known as The Scalpel. KPF's projects include civic and cultural spaces, commercial office buildings, transportation facilities, residential and hospitality developments, educational and institutional facilities, and mixed-use commercial developments. In Boston, KPF is currently designing two waterfront projects: Channelside, three buildings with housing, office, labs, and retail on

2520-490: The same year. Warnecke was appointed to an important federal post and received two important commissions from the Kennedy family in 1963. On June 21, 1963, President Kennedy appointed Warnecke to the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts . Warnecke's first important commission from the President was the design for a presidential library . Plans and sites were discussed in May, and on October 19, just 34 days before his assassination, President Kennedy (with Warnecke by his side) chose

2576-414: The spring and summer of 1964, the design process appeared to slow as Warnecke and his associates struggled to design the actual graves. But in the summer of 1964 Sargent Shriver , President Kennedy's brother-in-law, forcefully told Warnecke that "There must be something there when we get there." This spurred the design effort forward. In the late summer and early fall, Warnecke considered massive headstones,

2632-399: The station; and the master plan for Hudson Yards , the largest private real estate development in U.S. history, which mixes residences with offices, hotels and retail, and street life. KPF also designed buildings 10 Hudson Yards , 20 Hudson Yards, 30 Hudson Yards , and 55 Hudson Yards , which together offer office, retail, and hospitality space within the development. Also in New York, KPF

2688-451: The surrounding terrace, was lowered so that it was just three to four inches above the fieldstones. The bronze brazier shape for the eternal flame was also replaced. Instead, a 5 feet (1.5 m) wide beige circular fieldstone (found on Cape Cod in 1965) was set nearly flush with the earth and used as a bracket for the flame. The permanent John F. Kennedy grave site opened with little announcement or fanfare at 7:00 AM on March 15, 1967, in

2744-496: The three-year course in a single year. While attending Harvard, he studied with the highly influential architect Walter Gropius . Warnecke married Grace Cushing in 1945, with whom he had three sons and a daughter. His oldest son, John C. Warnecke, Jr., died in 2003. The marriage ended in divorce in 1961. Warnecke married Grace Kennan (daughter of George F. Kennan ) in 1969, which also ended in divorce. After graduating from Harvard University, Warnecke worked as

2800-511: Was a member of the undefeated 1940 Stanford Indians football team (nicknamed the "Wow Boys") that won the 1941 Rose Bowl . A shoulder injury incurred while playing football prevented him from being drafted or serving in the U.S. military during World War II . While studying at Stanford, Warnecke made the acquaintance of John F. Kennedy , who was auditing courses at the university. Warnecke received his master's degree in architecture from Harvard University in 1942, completing

2856-414: Was an early proponent of contextual architecture . Among his more notable buildings and projects are the Hawaii State Capitol building, the John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame memorial gravesite at Arlington National Cemetery , and the master plan for Lafayette Square (which includes his designs for the Howard T. Markey National Courts Building and the New Executive Office Building ). Warnecke

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2912-504: Was announced. The newly elected Kennedy administration indicated in February 1961 that it was anxious to retain the existing historic homes on Lafayette Square. In February 1962, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy lobbied the General Services Administration to stop the demolition and adopt a different design plan. "The wreckers haven't started yet, and until they do it can be saved", she wrote. Jacqueline Kennedy enlisted architect Warnecke, who happened to be in town that weekend, to create

2968-461: Was awarded the AIA National Honor Award in 1984, made the firm nationally famous. It remains a Chicago landmark, and was voted "Favorite Building" by the readers of the Chicago Tribune in both 1995 and 1997. In 1986, KPF's Procter & Gamble Headquarters in Cincinnati, which included an open plan interior design by Patricia Conway, was recognized for its innovative design with the AIA National Honor Award. After its success with these projects, KPF

3024-435: Was born on February 24, 1919, in Oakland, California . His father, Carl I. Warnecke, was a prominent architect in Oakland and San Francisco . His mother, Margaret Warnecke, née Esterling, was a descendant of Dutch settlers who came to Sonoma County, California , in the 1870s. He received his bachelor's degree ( cum laude ) from Stanford University in 1941. He played American football at Stanford, and

3080-401: Was selected to design the IBM World Headquarters in Armonk, New York (1997), the Chicago Title and Trust Building in Chicago (1992), and the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas (1993). In the 1990s, KPF also took on a larger number of government and civic projects, including the Foley Square U.S. Courthouse in New York (1995), the Mark O. Hatfield U.S. Courthouse in Portland, Oregon (1996),

3136-412: Was taken on these proposals over the next 50 years. However, plans were made in the late 1950s to raze all the buildings on the east side of Lafayette Square and replace them with a white modernist office building which would house judicial offices. Opposition to the demolition of the Cutts-Madison House and other buildings on Lafayette Square began forming shortly after the decision to raze the structures

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