50-596: The Koi Nation of the Lower Lake Rancheria is a federally recognized tribe of Southeastern Pomo people in northern California . Their name for their tribe is Koi Nation of Northern California , from their traditional village, Koi , once located on an island in Clear Lake . Koi, meaning people of water, lived on islands in the Clear Lake in what is now Lake County , and migrated seasonally to
100-653: A " culture of fear " and of "ethical failure." Devaney has also said, "Simply stated, short of a crime, anything goes at the highest levels of the Department of Interior." Launched in June of 2021, the Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative intended to investigate federal Indian boarding school policies and multi-generational impacts of trauma on American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian children. Released in two volumes,
150-597: A claim for Pearce Field, a small airport which Lake County closed that year. In June 2008, a new Constitution was ratified, replacing the Articles of Association. The tribe is governed by a democratically elected five-person community council. In March 2008, the tribe submitted a gaming ordinance for the National Indian Gaming Commission (NICG) Chairman's review and approval. The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA), 25 U.S.C. 2710(b), requires
200-603: A couple, Harry Johnson and his wife, Isabella. A special Act of Congress in 1956 gave 99 acres (40 ha) to the county for the airport, and the remaining 41 acres (17 ha), occupied by the Johnsons, became their private property, a "gift" from the government. The tribe was terminated on March 28, 1956 by two laws, Public Law 443 [H. R. 585] 70 Stat. 58 and Public Law 751 [H. R. 11163] 70 Stat. 595. Indian Health program records similarly show termination as of that date, with no tribal members eligible for services. The termination
250-647: A meeting center and spa, and a live entertainment venue. In 2022, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) began preparation of an Environmental Assessment (EA) to analyze the potential environmental consequences of the proposed fee-to-trust transfer of the Sonoma County property, including a comment period in mid-2022. The EA was issued in late 2023; in March 2024, the BIA decided that an environmental impact statement (EIS),
300-519: A member of Congress for New Mexico, took the oath of office as secretary, becoming the first American Indian to lead an executive department, and the third woman to lead the department. DOI Convocation Honor Award is the most prestigious recognition that can be granted by the department. The following awards are presented at the Honor Awards Convocation: In 2018, DOI established 12 organizational regions to be used across
350-698: A more comprehensive assessment, was required. In addition to the EIS, a determination is needed as to whether the project meets the requirements of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act. The final major regulatory step would be for the tribe to negotiate a gaming compact with the state of California. Federally recognized tribe This is a list of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States . There are also federally recognized Alaska Native tribes . As of January 8, 2024 , 574 Indian tribes were legally recognized by
400-567: A speech in which he said about his staff: "I have a black, a woman, two Jews and a cripple. And we have talent." Under the Administration of President George W. Bush , the Interior Department's maintenance backlog climbed from $ 5 billion to $ 8.7 billion, despite Bush's campaign pledges to eliminate it completely. Of the agency under Bush's leadership, Interior Department Inspector General Earl Devaney has cited
450-559: Is Bryan Newland, an enrolled member of the Bay Mills Indian Community . The department has been the subject of disputes over proper accounting for American Indian Trusts set up to track the income and distribution of monies that are generated by the trust and specific American Indian lands, which the government leases for fees to companies that extract oil, timber, minerals, and other resources. Several cases have sought an accounting of such funds from departments within
500-679: Is used by the BIA to publish the list of "Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". Tribes in the contiguous 48 states and those in Alaska are listed separately. Department of the Interior The United States Department of the Interior ( DOI ) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for
550-597: The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United States. Of these, 228 are located in Alaska and 109 are located in California. 346 of the 574 federally recognized tribes are located in the contiguous United States. Federally recognized tribes are those Native American tribes recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs as holding a government-to-government relationship with
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#1732791997808600-547: The Bureau of Indian Affairs described it as "a rock pile," and it remained uninhabited until a handful of Indians took up residence there in the 1940s. Seven tribal families lived on the rancheria in 1950. Records on file at the National Archives regional center in San Bruno show that in 1953, when Lake County expressed interest in acquiring the land for an airport, the only two Indians living on Purvis Flats were
650-638: The Chickasaw Nation , a much larger tribe that owns 23 casinos in Oklahoma. The agreement calls for Global Gaming Solutions, a wholly-owned Chickasaw business, to manage and operate the proposed facility. In February 2022, the tribe announced an agreement with the Northern California Carpenters Union, for the site, which is planned to have 2,500 gaming machines, a 400-room hotel, six restaurant and food service areas,
700-679: The Patent Office , part of the Department of State . Walker argued that these and other bureaus should be brought together in a new Department of the Interior. A bill authorizing its creation of the department passed the House of Representatives on February 15, 1849, and spent just over two weeks in the Senate . The department was established on March 3, 1849 (9 Stat. 395 ), the eve of President Zachary Taylor 's inauguration, when
750-653: The U.S. Congress the right to interact with tribes. More specifically, the Supreme Court of the United States in United States v. Sandoval warned, "it is not... that Congress may bring a community or body of people within range of this power by arbitrarily calling them an Indian tribe, but only that in respect of distinctly Indian communities the questions whether, to what extent, and for what time they shall be recognized and dealt with as dependent tribes" (at 46). Federal tribal recognition grants to tribes
800-403: The 1950s, the BIA in 1978 published final rules with procedures that groups had to meet to secure federal tribal acknowledgment. There are seven criteria. Four have proven troublesome for most groups to prove: long-standing historical community, outside identification as Indians, political authority, and descent from a historical tribe. Tribes seeking recognition must submit detailed petitions to
850-733: The 19th century, European-Americans occupied Pomo lands in large numbers. The US government signed two treaties with Pomos in 1851–1852 which defined Pomo territory; however, these treaties were never ratified by Congress. In 1856, the US government forcibly removed many Pomo people to a reservation in Mendocino County ; however, the Koi remained on their island. In 1870, Koi people attended a historic Ghost Dance . By 1871, their homes had been burned and destroyed by European-Americans. Disease, enslavement, and murder greatly reduced their population. By
900-457: The 574th tribe to gain federal recognition on December 20, 2019. The website USA.gov , the federal government's official web portal, also maintains an updated list of tribal governments . Ancillary information present in former versions of this list but no longer contained in the current listing has been included here in italic print. The Federal Register
950-561: The BIA's Office of Federal Acknowledgment. To be formally recognized as an Indian tribe, the US Congress can legislate recognition or a tribe can meet the seven criteria outlined by the Office of Federal Acknowledgment. These seven criteria are summarized as: The federal acknowledgment process can take years, even decades; delays of 12 to 14 years have occurred. The Shinnecock Indian Nation formally petitioned for recognition in 1978 and
1000-640: The California coast. The "Purvis Tract" is located on the Northwest corner of the Clear Lake. For thousands of years, the Nation lived under the Purvis Tract. In that time, the nation continued to assert its unique identity and maintain control of its area. The Koi people were among the Southeastern Pomo who lived in north-central California for millennia. They fished, hunted, and gathered. In
1050-541: The Department of the Interior has a different role from that of the interior ministries of other nations, which are usually responsible for police matters and internal security. In the United States, national security and immigration functions are performed by the Department of Homeland Security primarily and the Department of Justice secondarily. The Department of the Interior has often been humorously called "the Department of Everything Else" because of its broad range of responsibilities. A department for domestic concern
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#17327919978081100-586: The Interior James G. Watt faced criticism for his alleged hostility to environmentalism, for his support of the development and use of federal lands by foresting, ranching, and other commercial interests, and for banning the Beach Boys from playing a 1983 Independence Day concert on the National Mall out of concerns of attracting "an undesirable element". His 1983 resignation was prompted by
1150-721: The Interior and Treasury (such as the Minerals Management Service), in what has been a 15-year-old lawsuit. Some American Indian nations have also sued the government over water-rights issues and their treaties with the US. In 2010 Congress passed the Claims Settlement Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291), which provided $ 3.4 billion for the settlement of the Cobell v. Salazar class-action trust case and four American Indian water rights cases. On March 16, 2021, Deb Haaland , serving at that time as
1200-584: The Interior. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall was implicated in the Teapot Dome scandal of 1921. He was convicted of bribery in 1929, and served one year in prison, for his part in the controversy. A major factor in the scandal was a transfer of certain oil leases from the jurisdiction of the Department of the Navy to that of the Department of the Interior, at Fall's behest. Secretary of
1250-637: The NIGC Chairman to review and approve (or disapprove) tribal gaming ordinances. The ordinance sought a determination from the Chairman that the Nation was a restored tribe within the meaning of 25 U.S.C. 2719(b)(1)(B)(iii). On June 18, 2008, the Chairman disapproved the ordinance. He deferred to a December 29, 2000, determination of the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs, which reaffirmed the government-to-government relationship between
1300-514: The Nation and the United States and found that the Nation had never been terminated. Moreover, he said that determinations about the government-to-government relationships between the United States and Indian tribes are made by the Secretary of the Interior and the Bureau of Indian Affairs. In 2006, 2009, and 2014, the tribe requested from the Department of the Interior (DOI) a determination that
1350-531: The Senate voted 31 to 25 to create the department. Its passage was delayed by Democrats in Congress who were reluctant to create more patronage posts for the incoming Whig administration to fill. The first secretary of the interior was Thomas Ewing . Several of the domestic concerns the department originally dealt with were gradually transferred to other departments. For example, the Department of Interior
1400-541: The US federal government . For Alaska Native tribes, see list of Alaska Native tribal entities . In the United States , the Native American tribe is a fundamental unit of sovereign tribal government. As the Department of the Interior explains, "federally recognized tribes are recognized as possessing certain inherent rights of self-government (i.e., tribal sovereignty)...." The constitution grants to
1450-531: The Vallejo City Council voted to reject all gambling proposals and to concentrate solely on industrial proposals for the site. In September 2021, the tribe announced that it had purchased a 68-acre vineyard (28 ha) site on unincorporated county land on the southeast border of Windsor, California , north of Santa Rosa , for $ 12.3 million, and planned to turn it into a $ 600 million casino resort. Koi Nation attorneys filed an application to place
1500-638: The addition of six tribes in Virginia under the Thomasina E. Jordan Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act of 2017, signed in January 2018 after the annual list had been published. In July 2018 the United States' Federal Register issued an official list of 573 tribes that are Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs . The Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana became
1550-617: The beginning of the 1900s, tribal members were primarily living around Santa Rosa, Windsor, and Sebastopol. As of 2021, the Koi Nation has 90 members, most of whom live in Sonoma County. The Koi became a recognized tribe in 1916, the year the federal government bought 140 acres (57 ha), known as Purvis Flats, near the town of Clearlake in Lake County, and designated it as the Lower Lake Rancheria . An official of
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1600-503: The city to explore potential benefits the project could bring to the local economy. Discussions included a proposal for annual payments from the Tribe to mitigate impacts to city services, including funding for additional police and fire protection, reimbursement for lost property taxes and parking tax revenue, and road and traffic improvements. The proposal was funded by Florida real estate developer Alan Ginsburg . Facing community opposition,
1650-462: The city's development of a sports complex on 25 acres (10 ha) of land. The tribe argued that a full CEQA environmental review was required, instead of a mitigated negative declaration by the city. The Lower Lake Rancheria is headquartered in Santa Rosa, California . In 1961, the tribe organized under the Articles of Association. In 1994, a new tribal government apparently was formed to make
1700-551: The land in the United States. It manages 476 dams and 348 reservoirs through the Bureau of Reclamation , 431 national parks , monuments, historical sites, etc. through the National Park Service , and 544 national wildlife refuges through the Fish and Wildlife Service . The largest land management agency is the Bureau of Land Management , managing about one-eighth of the land in the United States. Despite its name,
1750-507: The land into trust with the federal government, to make it eligible for casino construction under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act . The development would be about 1.2 million square feet and have about 2,000 employees when completed, according to a spokesman for the tribe. The tribe has declined to provide the names of any investors in the project. In January 2022, the tribe announced a pre-development agreement with
1800-465: The management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources . It also administers programs relating to Native Americans , Alaska Natives , Native Hawaiians , territorial affairs, and insular areas of the United States, as well as programs related to historic preservation. About 75% of federal public land is managed by the department, with most of the remainder managed by the Department of Agriculture 's Forest Service . The department
1850-405: The right to certain benefits, and is largely administered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). While trying to determine which groups were eligible for federal recognition in the 1970s, government officials became aware of the need for consistent procedures. To illustrate, several federally unrecognized tribes encountered obstacles in bringing land claims ; United States v. Washington (1974)
1900-466: The schools and calls for accountability and measures to address the ongoing impact on Native American families and communities to include working closely with tribal nations on the identification and repatriation of the remains. Within the Interior Department, the Bureau of Indian Affairs handles some federal relations with American Indians, while others are handled by the Office of Special Trustee. The current acting assistant secretary for Indian affairs
1950-456: The three year investigation produced the first report in May 2022 and the second and final volume in June 2024. The final report details the severe trauma and cultural disruption inflicted on Native American communities through these schools, which operated from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century. It highlights the systemic abuse and neglect endured by students, finding 973 children died at
2000-612: The treasury , Robert J. Walker , became a vocal champion of creating the new department. In 1849, Walker stated in his annual report that several federal offices were placed in departments with which they had little to do. He noted that the United States General Land Office had little to do with the Treasury and also highlighted the Indian Affairs office , part of the Department of War , and
2050-590: The tribe dropped its plans. In late 2014, the tribe was one of eight applicants for the development of a site in Vallejo, California , which had been part of the Mare Island Naval Shipyard ; four applications involved Indian gambling. The tribe partnered with developer Cordish Company for a proposed $ 850 million project, promising to pay the city between $ 10 million and $ 20 million a year, along with generating thousands of jobs. In January 2015
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2100-501: The tribe officially announced its plans to build a world-class tribal government gaming facility, resort and spa near the Oakland International Airport . The Tribe's Crystal Bay Casino, Resort & Spa project was said to create an estimated 4,440 new jobs, 2,200 directly, annual payroll approaching $ 80 million and $ 1 billion in overall annual economic activity for the local area. The Tribe also began talks with
2150-437: The tribe on December 29, 2000. At the time, the tribe consisted of 53 members, mostly children. In California, tribes with gaming operations pay into a fund which distributes payments to federally-recognized tribes which operate fewer than 350 gaming devices. Payments started in 2001, and through June 30, 2021, the Koi Nation had received $ 21.39 million. In July 2023, the Koi Nation sued the city of Clearlake , seeking to delay
2200-508: The tribe qualified to conduct gaming on lands taken into trust, as part of “the restoration of lands for an Indian tribe that is restored to Federal recognition.” [25 U.S.C. § 2719(b)(1)(B)(iii)]. On January 19, 2017, DOI denied the tribe's eligibility for the IGRA exception. In January 2019, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia ruled that the tribe was in fact eligible. In 2005,
2250-585: Was a court case that affirmed the fishing treaty rights of Washington tribes; and other tribes demanded that the U.S. government recognize aboriginal titles . All the above culminated in the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975 , which legitimized tribal entities by partially restoring Native American self-determination . Following the decisions made by the Indian Claims Commission in
2300-600: Was created on March 3, 1849. It is headquartered at the Main Interior Building , located at 1849 C Street NW in Washington, D.C. The department is headed by the secretary of the interior , who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet . The current secretary is Deb Haaland . As of mid-2004, the department managed 507 million acres (2,050,000 km ) of surface land, or about one-fifth of
2350-419: Was first considered by the 1st United States Congress in 1789, but those duties were placed in the Department of State . The idea of a separate domestic department continued to percolate for a half-century and was supported by presidents from James Madison to James Polk . The 1846–48 Mexican–American War gave the proposal new steam as the responsibilities of the federal government grew. Polk's secretary of
2400-472: Was part of the Indian termination policy of the mid-1940s to mid-1960s, and specifically part of a set of Congressional acts that targeted 51 Rancherias in California . The tribal position was that though they were landless, they had not been officially terminated. After years of attempting to have their status reaffirmed, the Bureau of Indian Affairs , "citing oversights in official records", again recognized
2450-624: Was recognized 32 years later in 2010. At a Senate Committee on Indian Affairs hearing, witnesses testified that the process was "broken, long, expensive, burdensome, intrusive, unfair, arbitrary and capricious, less than transparent, unpredictable, and subject to undue political influence and manipulation." The number of tribes increased to 567 in May 2016 with the inclusion of the Pamunkey tribe in Virginia who received their federal recognition in July 2015. The number of tribes increased to 573 with
2500-495: Was responsible for water pollution control prior to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency . Other agencies became separate departments, such as the Bureau of Agriculture , which later became the Department of Agriculture . However, land and natural resource management, American Indian affairs, wildlife conservation, and territorial affairs remain the responsibilities of the Department of
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