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21-421: First known Kolffs are Wouter, Aernt Woutersz., Wouter Aerntsz., and Wouter Woutersz. Colff. They lived in 15th century Gorinchem where they owned property. Of them Wouter Aerntsz. and Wouter Woutersz. Colff also exploited a tavern. In this tavern, at least from around 1500, the game named Kolf was played. The Kolff family most likely derived their family name from the game of kolf. The present Kolffs descend from

42-477: A notable place in Dutch religious history, and their legacy continues to resonate with Catholics around the world. By the 16th century, the city walls had deteriorated and were replaced with new fortifications and eleven bastions that are still almost completely intact. The new walls were completed in 1609 and were located further from the town centre, making the city twice as large. In 1673, Gorinchem became part of

63-434: Is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland . The municipality covers an area of 21.93 km (8.47 sq mi) of which 3.10 km (1.20 sq mi) is water. It had a population of 37,410 in 2021. The municipality of Gorinchem also includes the population centre of Dalem . It is generally assumed that Gorinchem was founded c. 1000 AD by fishermen and farmers on

84-797: The Betuwe . In the 20th century many Kolffs moved away from Netherlands' territory and independent Indonesia . Most of the current 411 members (2015) of the Kolff family live in the Netherlands , while about one third live in other countries, most of them in Argentina , the United States of America and New Zealand . The genealogy of the Kolff family is included in the Nederland's Patriciaat from its earliest issues and can be seen up to date at

105-575: The Martyrs of Gorkum . The Martyrs of Gorkum were canonized by Pope Pius IX in 1867. Their martyrdom is commemorated annually in Gorinchem and has become an integral part of the city’s religious and cultural identity. As victims of religious persecution during the Eighty Years' War, their story symbolizes the broader conflict between Catholicism and Protestantism in the region. The martyrs hold

126-658: The Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. In the 18th century, the economy went into decline. After the French domination , the retreating French troops established themselves in the bastion fortress of Gorinchem. After a three-month siege they capitulated but the city was heavily damaged. During the Industrial Revolution, Gorinchem recovered. Increased shipping led to new canals being dug and a railway connection to

147-682: The city center. In 1986, the town Dalem was added to the municipality. In August 2021 ANWB named Gorinchem the most beautiful star fort in the Netherlands. Gorinchem had 37,456 inhabitants on 1 January 2021. The current mayor of Gorinchem is Reinie Melissant-Briene of the CDA . In 2023 a new municipal executive was agreed, consisting of the City Interest, VVD , CU-SGP , Gorcum Active and SP . The municipal council of Gorinchem has 25 members, which are directly elected. The composition of

168-500: The city. Its population quickly increased, filling the inner city, and new neighbourhoods had to be built outside the city walls. At the beginning of the 20th century, expansion took place in the Lingewijk and West neighbourhoods. After World War II, expansion started in the north-western portion of the municipality which was completed in the 1970s. This was followed by development of the neighbourhoods Wijdschild and Laag Dalem east of

189-513: The council at the 2022 Dutch municipal elections is shown in the table below. The city is crossed by two motorways; the A15 on the northside, and the A27 on the westside. The city also has a railway station: Gorinchem . Gorinchem is twinned with William I, Duke of Bavaria William I , Duke of Bavaria - Straubing ( Frankfurt am Main , 12 May 1330 – 15 April 1389, Le Quesnoy ),

210-619: The eighth city of Holland. Charles the Bold constructed the Blue Tower palace in Gorinchem in 1461. This castle was already demolished in 1578. On 9 July 1572, the Watergeuzen (Dutch rebels against Spanish rule) conquered the city and captured 19 Catholic priests and monks. Because they refused to renounce their faith, these priests and monks were brought to Brielle where they were hanged and were from then on known among Catholics as

231-535: The entire Holland-Hainaut inheritance (July 1356). William was married to Matilda ("Maud" in the English style) of Lancaster, sister to Blanche of Lancaster . In 1357, William began to show signs of insanity , going so far as to attack and kill one of his knights (Gerard van Wateringe) for no apparent reason, before he could be restrained. His brother Albert assumed the regency in Holland and Hainaut in 1358. William

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252-597: The first division of the Wittelsbach possessions in 1349 he received Hainaut, Holland and Lower Bavaria together with his brothers Stephen II and Albert I . After the next division of Bavaria in 1353, he ruled together with his younger brother Albert I in Bavaria-Straubing , Holland and Hainaut. William had engaged in a long struggle with his mother Margaret, obtaining Holland and Zeeland from her in 1354, and Hainaut on her death in 1356. In 1350,

273-525: The grandson of the innkeeper, Wouter Woutersz. Kolff, 'burger' ( citizenship ) of the city of Nijmegen in the 16th century. The next generations gradually moved westwards from Nijmegen along the great rivers of the Netherlands towards Middelharnis , Maassluis , and other places. They established themselves in the 19th and 20th centuries mainly at Rotterdam and The Hague , but also in the Dutch East Indies . Another important branch settled in

294-602: The naval Battle of Veere . A few weeks later, the Hooks and their English allies were defeated by William and the Cods in the Battle of Zwartewaal , which ruined Margaret's cause. Edward III shortly afterwards changed sides, and the empress saw herself compelled (1354) to come to an understanding with her son, he being recognized as count of Holland and Zeeland, she of Hainaut. Margaret died two years later, leaving William in possession of

315-578: The nobles of Holland asked Margaret to return to Holland again. She then battled for the power in Holland and Hainaut for some years with her son William who refused to pay her alimony. The Cod league was formed on 23 May 1350 by a number of supporters of William. On 5 September the same year, the Hook league was formed. Soon afterwards, these factions clashed, and a civil war began. Edward III of England , Margaret's brother-in-law through her sister Philippa of Hainault , came to her aid. In May 1351 William lost

336-648: The old Dutch Water Line . The city walls had four city gates: the Arkel Gate in the north, the Dalem Gate in the east, the Water Gate in the south (where the ferry to Woudrichem was), and the Kansel Gate in the west. Of these four gates, only the Dalem Gate remains. The others were removed in the 19th century to make way for vehicular traffic. A portion of the Water Gate was preserved in the gardens of

357-553: The raised land near the mouth of the river Linge at the Merwede . Goriks Heem ("Home of Gorik" in early Middle Dutch ) is first mentioned in a document from 1224 in which Floris IV granted people from Gorinchem exemption of toll payments throughout Holland . Somewhere between 1247 and 1267, Gorinchem became property of the Lords of Arkel . At the end of the 13th century earthen mounds reinforced with palisades were built around

378-475: The settlement to protect it from domination by the neighboring counties of Holland and Gelre. Half a century later real city walls were built complete with 7 gates and 23 watchtowers . Otto van Arkel granted it city rights on 11 November 1322. Jan van Arkel had a dispute with Albert I , brother of Willem V of Holland , leading to war and subsequently to the annexation of Gorinchem to Holland in 1417. This resulted in increased trade and Gorinchem grew to be

399-448: The three hammers ( kolven , colven , or Kolffen ), bats down, outer two inclining inwards, the middle one inclining to the right. As tarpaulin he used the swan. The coats of arms of Van Breda Kolff and Kolff van Oosterwijk are not shown here. (order following the family genealogy branch) Gorinchem Gorinchem ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣɔrkʏm] or [ˈɣɔrkəm] ), also spelled Gorkum ,

420-551: The website of the Kolff Family Association. The family archives are kept at the Rotterdam City Archives . Kolff en Van Santen Kolff: the earliest known family member to use the coat of arms was Rev. Wolter Kolff (generation IX), according to the arms of alliance between his wife Petronella van Duyren and himself, dated 1671 (in the family archives). Within the shield without colours he used

441-483: Was the second son of Emperor Louis IV and Margaret II of Hainaut . He was also known as William V , Count of Holland , as William III , Count of Hainaut and as William IV , Count of Zeeland . In 1345 William's father was conferring Hainaut, Holland, Zeeland and Friesland upon his wife Margaret, and shortly later also upon their son William. After his father's death in 1347, William ruled Bavaria , Holland and Hainaut together with his five brothers until 1349. With

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