18th century
14-540: Kombi may refer to: Battle of Kombi , a 1647 battle between Ndongo-Matamba (assisted by the Dutch) and the Portuguese Kombi , a Japanese term for a comedy duo Kombi (band) , a Polish pop rock band Kombini , a type of Japanese convenience store Volkswagen Type 2 or Kombi, a panel van introduced in 1950 Izh 2125 or Kombi, a compact car produced by
28-510: A longtime enemy of Portuguese ambitions, then led by Queen Njinga fought on against the Portuguese without Dutch help. Following her defeat at Kavanga in 1646, however, the situation was sufficiently grave that the Dutch commander decided to commit forces to her support. Thus, in 1647 a combined force from Kongo, Ndongo, and a Dutch contingent of 400 soldiers, adding to over 8,000 men, met
42-591: The Estado de los Presidios . They were held by Spain until the War of the Spanish Succession , when they came under Austrian ownership, and were administered from Naples . Few presidios were established in the present-day desert frontier regions in northern Mexico to control and confine the existing rebellious indigenous tribes. Captured indigenous warriors were confined and enslaved at the presidio. Presidios
56-622: The Mexicans garrisoned the Spanish presidios on the northern frontier and followed the same pattern in unsettled frontier regions such as the Presidio de Sonoma , at Sonoma, California , and the Presidio de Calabasas , in Arizona . In western North America, a rancho del rey or king ' s ranch would be established a short distance outside a presidio. This was a tract of land assigned to
70-762: The North African coast echoed earlier endeavors by the Kingdom of Sicily in the 12th century (and again in Djerba under Frederick III of Sicily ) and the Kingdom of France in the 13th century ( Eighth Crusade of 1270). During the period of Iberian Union between 1580 and 1640, the Spanish Crown gained Ceuta and the Portuguese outposts on the Atlantic Coast, such as Tangier , Mazagão/El Jadida and Casablanca ; but of these, it only retained Ceuta by
84-590: The Portuguese presidios in Angola, Ambaca , Masangano and Muxima . These sieges were not successful, largely because neither she nor her Dutch allies possessed sufficient artillery to conduct an attack, even though the number of the Portuguese did not exceed 300. When the forces of Salvador de Sá e Benevides arrived in 1648, Njinga was forced to abandon the siege and return to her headquarters in Matamba . Presidio A presidio ( jail, fortification )
98-436: The Portuguese and their African allies with a field army of some 30,000 soldiers, including 600 Portuguese and Luso-Africans, somewhere north of Massangano (the battlefield has not yet been located). The Portuguese and their allies were routed by the Dutch and their allied Africans and over 3,000 men of the Portuguese army were killed or wounded. As a result of this victory, Nzinga and her army were able to lay siege to three of
112-749: The Soviet Union Kombi, Iran , a village in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran A term for a minibus in South Africa Kombi, a type of minivan taxis in Zimbabwe, similar to marshrutkas in Eastern Europe. See also [ edit ] Combi (disambiguation) Kombo (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
126-476: The initial Dutch success, the Portuguese had fallen back into their interior positions, first at Bengo , where they were driven out, and then to the Fort Nossa Senhora da Vitória at Massangano . In 1643, deciding it was not worthwhile to continue the war with Portugal, the Dutch signed an agreement which effectively left Portugal in command of the interior presidios. However, the kingdom of Ndongo,
140-509: The presidio to furnish pasturage to the horses and other beasts of burden of the garrison. Mexico called this facility "rancho nacional". Presidios were only accessible to Spanish military and soldiers. Several fortresses formerly held by the Republic of Siena were acquired by Spain following the latter's demise, by treaty between Philip II of Spain and Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany on 3 July 1557, to form what became known as
154-499: The title Kombi . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kombi&oldid=1185080872 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Battle of Kombi 19th century 20th century The Battle of Kombi
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#1732775613556168-479: Was a decisive battle in the war between Ndongo - Matamba and Portugal during the Dutch period of Angolan history. When the Dutch forces occupied Luanda in 1641, the capital of the Portuguese colony of Angola, the neighbouring countries of Kongo and Ndongo had welcomed them, sending embassies and receiving promises of assistance in driving the Portuguese out of the colony and central Africa. However, following
182-882: Was a fortified base established by the Spanish Empire between the 16th and 18th centuries in areas under their control or influence. The term is derived from the Latin word praesidium meaning protection or defense . In the Mediterranean and the Philippines , the presidios were outposts of the Christian defense against Islamic raids. In the Americas, the fortresses were built to protect against raids by pirates , rival colonial powers, and Native Americans . Later in western North America, with independence,
196-840: Was used to protect the colonial silver ship from rebellious raids from Indians in Camino Real de Tierra Adentro , mainly in Zacatecas and Guanajuato , starting new settlements. After the Granada War and the completion of the Spanish Reconquista , the Catholic Monarchs took their fight across the Strait of Gibraltar , as the Portuguese had done several generations earlier with the conquest of Ceuta in 1415. The establishment of Spanish military outposts on
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