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37-400: Kongernes Nordsjælland cover 26,250 hectares (64,900 acres) with the forest of Gribskov and the lake of Esrum Sø at its core. Gribskov is one of Denmark's largest forests, with centuries old oak trees, rich fauna and flora, prehistoric sites and opportunities for hiking and cycling. Esrum Sø, the second largest lake in the country, is noted for its clean waters, its recreational facilities and

74-502: A nunnery that once was here. The nuns showed more interest in the monks at Esrum Abbey than in God, so he opened up the ground and the chasm swallowed up all the nuns and the entire monastery. The monastery continued to sink and sink and that was how the lake was created. It is said that one can still hear the monastery's bells ringing down in the lake on quiet evenings. There are many small ponds, streams and lakes throughout Gribskov, but

111-511: A large school situated in the old foresters lodge, Skovfryd (lit.: Forest-joy), from 1829 to 1830. Here forest engineers , landscape engineers and nature guides are educated. In the northeastern corner is the old Esrum Abbey . Gribskov has a long tradition for forestry of all kinds. In 1736, the German forester Johann Georg von Langen participated in restoring the Danish woodlands of

148-521: A new government and the Ministry of the Environment was merged with the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries of Denmark (now Ministry of the Environment and Food). The new minister is Eva Kjer Hansen . Gribskov Gribskov (Grib Forest) is Denmark 's fourth largest forest, comprising c. 5,600 ha of woodland situated in northern Zealand , west and south of Lake Esrum . The forest

185-707: A noisy colony of great cormorants has found a home. Cormorants can be a problematic bird to administer locally, but they are protected in Denmark and on list III in the Berne convention . The forest grows in a hilly terrain (by Danish standards), with lower lying areas in the east and west. The low-lying areas are dominated by beech and oak , but with several forest types mixed in, such as wood pastures or old coppice woodland with alder and ash . There are also numerous small ponds, bogs, swamps and springs, some enshrouded by myths, superstition or old folk tales. Gribskov

222-516: A number of priority species: There is a separate list for plants from Macaronesia . Androcymbium psammophilum This annex explains the criteria which are used to select sites which are eligible to be recognised as important for Europe, or as Special Areas of Conservation . The process consists of two stages. The first stage is to assess the importance at a national level, based on the habitats and species listed in Annex I and II. The second stage

259-539: Is designated as an Important Bird Area (IBA). Around 20% or c. 1,200 ha of the forest has been reserved as 'forest to be untouched', in an effort to preserve some of the few spots of semi-natural woodland (SNW) in Denmark and stimulate the growth of new. The birdlife in Gribskov is varied and of international importance. The forest is home to the largest populations of common goldeneye , green sandpiper and red-backed shrike in Denmark and near Nødebo at Lake Esrum,

296-651: Is distributed over 9 main categories. Annex II lists species which determine if an area is a Special Area of Conservation . These include: Mosses and liverworts: Bruchia vogesiaca , Buxbaumia viridis , Dichelyma capillaceum , Dicranum viride , Distichophyllum carinatum , Drepanocladus vernicosus , Jungermannia handelii , Mannia triandra , Meesia longiseta , Nothothylas orbicularis , Orthotrichum rogeri , Petalophyllum ralfsii , Riccia breidleri , Riella helicophylla , Scapania massolongi , Sphagnum pylaisii , Tayloria rudolphiana Ferns and allies Monocots Dicots There are also

333-428: Is in progress to re-establish a more natural waterflow and improved conditions for wetland areas. These measures have already enhanced the biological diversity and has had a direct positive influence on the living conditions for birds in the forest. There are several interesting bodies of water in Gribskov, seen both from a scientific and a folkloristic viewpoint. Store Gribsø (Large Grib-lake), or simply Gribsø ,

370-425: Is more than 10,000 years old, dating from the end of the last ice age , but the forest bears the marks of an intensive plantation industry that accelerated from the late 1700s and peaked in the 1800s. Former wetlands were drained and many new tree species were introduced, especially European spruce . These practises have now stopped in Gribskov. Artificial ditches are being filled to allow a more natural waterflow and

407-408: Is only a 10 ha lake, but is nevertheless the largest forest-enclosed lake in Gribskov. It is a so-called dystrophic lake and it is impossible to see the bottom in its dark waters, even though it is only 11 m deep. The lake has no outflows and it can be ice cold just beneath the surface, so care should be taken when bathing. Tradition says the lake is bottomless and was created when God angrily punished

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444-656: Is owned and administered by the State of Denmark , and a part of the Kongernes Nordsjælland National Park . In July 2015, it was one of three forests included in a UNESCO World Heritage Site , the Par force hunting landscape in North Zealand . Gribskov is usually divided into four sections: The northwest surrounding the small village of Maarum , the northeast on the banks of Lake Esrum ,

481-483: Is the imperative form of the verb for 'catch' or 'grab', but the actual meaning and etymology of the word go a bit deeper. 'Grib' refers to the Old Danish word for something 'without any specific owner', so 'Gribskov' actually means a woodland of common ownership. Gribskov and Lake Esrum are designated as EU habitat directive and Natura 2000 areas, as part of an even larger preserve. On top of that, Gribskov

518-483: Is to assess the importance for Europe as a whole, again based on the two earlier annexes. Annex IV lists species of interest to Europe which are in need of strict protection. Turtles Lizards Snakes Salamanders: Toads and frogs: Annex IV contains all the plant species listed in Annex II (except the mosses and lichens), plus the plant taxa listed below: Annex V details the species which are of 'interest' to

555-599: The Stone Age to present times. This includes dolmens , tumuli , medieval ruins, castles and royal palaces. Most of the park is designated as Natura 2000 . Several species of deer can be seen throughout the area as well as red foxes and badgers . There is also a rich bird life in the woods with buzzards , black woodpeckers , osprey , owls, and white tailed eagles . The heathland attracts greylag geese and northern lapwings while common kingfisher , white-throated dipper and common goldeneye ducks can be seen around

592-453: The 12th-century monastery of Esrum Abbey at its northern end. The park also includes the lakes of Arresø and Gurresø , the woodland of Tisvilde Hegn and will comprise a connected cultural and natural landscape of coast, heath, forest and rural areas. Arresø is the largest lake in Denmark by area and Tisvilde Hegn is the oldest plantation in the country. The designated area has a large concentration of historically significant relics spanning

629-563: The Birds Directive, are also called the "nature directives". The Habitats Directive consists of 24 articles of legislation to which all member states must comply. Article 17 of the directive sets the terms and standards for reporting on both the habitats and species listed in the annexes by the individual EU member countries. It stipulates a report from each member country on the state of nature every six years. The first preliminary reports were due in 2001 (but only published in 2004),

666-708: The Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora ) is a directive adopted by the European Community in 1992 as a response to the Berne Convention . The European Community was reformed as the European Union the following year, but the directive is still recognised. The Habitats Directive required national governments to specify areas that are expected to be ensuring the conservation of flora and fauna species. This led to

703-553: The European Union, of which the taking or exploitation of wild may be subject to the management decisions of the individual countries concerned. This largely concerns plants or animals in which the hunting or gathering was/is an economic activity. Mammals Amphibians Fish Other Plants This annex compiles the types of capture and killing (i.e. hunting) which are prohibited in the European Community (and now

740-860: The Natura 2000 policy on economic development. Annex I lists the specific habitats which have been designated as the a Special Area of Conservation , to which a common EU-wide legislation applies. Certain habitats among those are furthermore designated as "priority habitat types". Habitats in the EU are given codes. An area or habitat can combine two habitats, and be designated as for example code 35.2 × 64.1 - Open grassland with Corynephorus and Agrostis (35.2), in combination with continental dunes (64.1). Example Annex I habitats are: Open sea and tidal areas Dunes Standing and running freshwater Matorral Grasslands Bogs, mires and fens Rocky areas and caves Forests - Only (sub-)natural The full list of habitats

777-413: The directive outline the protected habitats and species: From 1988 to 1992, the policy was given importance at the national level by policy experts, scientists and ecologists; later on in the 1990s this spawned further political, social and administrative discussions among the relevant countries. Due to differences in nature conservation traditions, national problems have arisen in the implementation of

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814-717: The directive. Since member states in the south and east of Europe participated less in nature policies, these states experienced problems with the EU provisions. In Germany , Austria , Italy and Belgium , the observation of conflicts between various government layers have caused prolonged delays in the management of nature policies. On the other hand, in member states such as the United Kingdom and Sweden , positive outcomes have developed due to stakeholder involvement, pro-active authorities, agencies responsible for implementation and public participation. According to one 2014 report there are increasing incompatibilities with

851-459: The extensive path structures laid out in different parts of the forests, especially near Nødebo, in the years 1680–90 by King Christian V . These are long straight lines, usually designed in star-patterns, merging and radiating from strategical points. They were constructed and used for running up and tiring the game (usually deer) in so-called parforce hunting , by horse and packs of hunting dogs. The same kind of layout and design also can be seen in

888-626: The first actual assessments were due in 2007 (published 2009), the second in 2013 (published 2015), and the third set of assessment reports were due in 2019 (published 2020). The assessments of conservation status differ markedly from those of the IUCN Red List . The aim in the case of the EU conservation status is to assess the distance from a defined favourable situation, as opposed to the distance from extinction. There are three classes of conservation status: favourable (FV), unfavourable-inadequate (U1) and unfavourable-bad (U2). The annexes of

925-461: The forest itself, while fallow deer were introduced at some point during the Middle Ages . The fallow deer population in Gribskov is the largest free roaming fallow deer population in Denmark, at 600-800 animals. There has been a long tradition of surface water draining by ditch-digging and natural waterflow regulation in Gribskov for various reasons, but these practises have now ceased and work

962-501: The lake of Store Gribsø and south towards the settlement of Gadevang in the southeastern section. As the name implies, Swedish prisoners of war were used for this large project, ordered by King Frederik II . The ditch is just one part of a larger network of ditches dug since the middle ages, to supply the Frederiksborg Palace with running water, to exploit the water resource for watermills in earlier times and to drain

999-557: The lakes. In November 2014, the national broadcasting corporation of Danmarks Radio reported that Kim Valentin, mayor of Gribskov Municipality , believed the national park would soon be approved by the Danish Ministry of the Environment. Minister of the Environment Kirsten Brosbøl was handed the proposal for the national park on 12. December 2014. Following the 18 June 2015 elections , Denmark had

1036-403: The larger ones— Store Gribsø , Solbjerg Engsø and Strødam Engsø —all are situated in the southwestern parts. The latter two are the largest and attract a rich birdlife, but they are both on the edge of the forest. The most prominent landmark is perhaps Svenskegrøften (lit.: The Swedish Ditch) initiated in 1576. It is a 2–3 km long artificial canal, winding its way through the forest from

1073-617: The marked tree in Gribskov, he developed a very successful hybrid with Japanese larch , able to withstand the devastating fungal larch canker disease also known as Lachnellula willkommii . The hybrids also had a faster and healthier growth. The hybrid is known as Larix × marschlinsii or L. × eurolepis (discouraged name) and can also occur spontaneously, wherever European and Japanese larch grow together. Nowadays parts of Gribskov are used for seed production of species such as European spruce . The history of hunting in Gribskov also reaches far back in time. The most visible signs are perhaps

1110-497: The megalithic tomb are two round dolmens , one of which is heavily deteriorated. Another megalithic passage grave is situated in the southwestern part of the woods. This tomb is known as Mor Gribs Hule (lit.: Mother Grib's Lair) and of similar age and origin as Jættestuen. Tradition says that the notorious sorceress Mother Grib lived in the grave chamber. She used to whistle at wayfarers, leading them astray to be robbed and killed by her sons This story gives an entirely new meaning to

1147-505: The name of Gribskov. Just northwest of Gribskov, the small woodland of Valby Hegn holds a total of seven long barrows from the neolithic. Gribskov is cut through by the Gribskov Line , an old railway line laid out in 1878, then offering the urban population a first-time opportunity to visit the forests. Near the village of Nødebo at Lake Esrum in the southeastern part of the forest is Skovskolen (lit.: The Forest School),

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1184-414: The nearby woodlands of Store Dyrehave and Jægersborg Dyrehave , just south of Gribskov. They all are former royal game reserves. Gribskov still is used for hunting today—in particular deer —and some areas are not to be disturbed, but parforce hunting is illegal and has been since the year 1777. Habitats Directive The Habitats Directive (more formally known as Council Directive 92/43/EEC on

1221-513: The setting up of a network of protected areas across the EU, along with ' Special Areas of Conservation ', which together with the existing Special Protection Areas , became the so-called Natura 2000 network established to protect species and habitats. This directive is one of the main pillars of the European Union's system of wildlife and nature conservation, another being the Birds Directive . The Habitats Directive, together with

1258-492: The southwest around the small lake of Gribsø and finally the southeast, enclosing the village of Nødebo on the southern banks of Lake Esrum. Only a thin strip of Hillerød town in the south separates Gribskov from many larger woodlands such as Store Dyrehave at 1,100 ha, Tokkekøb Hegn at 631 ha and several smaller woods. The Danish name Gribskov translates literally as Grib forest in English. The first part, 'grib',

1295-514: The spruce plantations are cut down, to be naturally and quickly replaced by alder , birch and willow in coming years. It is expected that Gribskov will comprise more semi-natural woodland of deciduous trees in the future. The forest of Gribskov offers a rare opportunity to observe free roaming deer of all the four species living in Denmark; namely the roe deer , sika deer , red deer and fallow deer , with roe and fallow deer being most common in Gribskov. Roe deer have lived here for as long as

1332-428: The time by introducing European larch . Some of the first larch trees were planted in Gribskov in 1776 and they still can be seen there today in the northwestern parts, just east of Mårum . Known as Tinghuslærkene (lit.: The Tinghus-larches), one of the trees, now marked with a yellow ring and standing 36 m tall, was picked in 1935 by the Danish forestry geneticist Carl Syrach-Larsen for hybrid experimentation. From

1369-485: The wetlands so the land could be used for plantations. There are an estimated 526 km of artificial ditches in Gribskov. There are several relics of the past in Gribskov. One example is the megalithic passage grave just outside Kagerup , a village south of Maarum in the northwest of the forest. It was raised at some point in the neolithic Stone Age , about 5–6,000 years ago and is referred to as Jættestuen , simply meaning The Passage Grave in English. Not far from

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