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33-524: The station is part of the original set of stations which made up the first phase of Line 2. It was built on October 31, 1980 at Konkuk University intersection and originally called Hwayang Station. The initial section of Line 2 ran from Sinseol-Dong to the Sports Complex station in Jamsil-dong . On March 7, 1985 the station's name was changed from Hwayang to Konkuk University station. Line 7

66-569: A circular green indication to show that turns in the direction of the arrow are prohibited, but other movements are allowed. In some jurisdictions, a red arrow prohibits a turn on red . In Europe, if different lanes have differing phases, red, yellow and green traffic lights corresponding to each lane have blacked-out areas in the middle in the shape of arrows indicating the direction(s) drivers in that lane may travel in. This makes it easier for drivers to be aware which traffic light they need to pay attention to. A green arrow may also be provided; when it

99-410: A right turn (across oncoming traffic) in one turn). It also allows for diagonal crossings ( pedestrian scramble ) and reduces crossing distances for pedestrians. Intersections generally must manage pedestrian as well as vehicle traffic. Pedestrian aids include crosswalks , pedestrian-directed traffic signals ("walk light") and over/ underpasses . Walk lights may be accompanied by audio signals to aid

132-565: A right turn on red, and sometimes left on red depending on the geometry of the intersection in question, possible in many cases, often without stopping. Cyclists ideally have a protected bike lane on the approach to the intersection, separated by a concrete median with splay kerbs if possible, and have a protected bike lane width of at least 2 metres if possible (one way). In the Netherlands , most one way cycle paths are at least 2.5 metres wide. Bicycle traffic can be accommodated with

165-577: A roof and an underground platform. It is constructed from concrete, steel and aluminum. There are four exits from the elevated platform and they are paired at either end of the station. The underground platform has a single pair of exits located in the middle of the Jangam side. There are no exits on the Onsu side of the Line 7 platform requiring passengers to either take an escalator to the elevated platform or use

198-415: A setback crossing of the pedestrians and cyclists , generally between 1.5–7 metres of setback, a forward stop bar, which allows cyclists to stop for a traffic light well ahead of motor traffic who must stop behind the crosswalk. Separate signal staging or at least an advance green for cyclists and pedestrians is used to give cyclists and pedestrians no conflicts or a head start over traffic. The design makes

231-483: A tunnel to cross to the Jangam side. All the pairs of exits are separated by automatic ticket gates. The station itself features several small retail stores selling cosmetics, undergarments, and cell phones. There is also a pharmacy, a variety store and convenience store . Seoul Metro occasionally sponsors music performances that take place inside the ticket gates of the elevated platform. Connected to exits 3 and 4 on

264-603: A turn lane does not normally indicate a prohibition of turns in that direction. Instead, traffic control signs are used to prohibit specific turns. Turn lanes can increase the capacity of an intersection or improve safety. Turn lanes can have a dramatic effect on the safety of a junction. In rural areas, crash frequency can be reduced by up to 48% if left turn lanes are provided on both main-road approaches at stop-controlled intersections. At signalized intersections, crashes can be reduced by 33%. Results are slightly lower in urban areas. Turn lanes are marked with an arrow bending into

297-399: Is a junction where two or more roads converge, diverge, meet or cross at the same height, as opposed to an interchange , which uses bridges or tunnels to separate different roads. Major intersections are often delineated by gores and may be classified by road segments, traffic controls and lane design. This article primarily reflects practice in jurisdictions where vehicles are driven on

330-913: Is a four-way interchange on the German autobahn network. Autobahndreieck (literally "autobahn triangle"), short form dreieck , and abbreviated as AD, is a three-way interchange on the German autobahn network. At intersections , roads cross at-grade . They also can be further subdivided into those with and without signal controls. Signalized designs include advanced stop line , bowtie , box junction , continuous-flow intersection , continuous Green-T, double-wide, hook turn , jughandle , median u-turn, Michigan left , paired, quadrant , seagulls , slip lane , split, staggered , superstreet , Texas T , Texas U-turn and turnarounds . Non-signalized designs include unsignalized variations on continuous-flow 3 and 4-leg, median u-turn and superstreet, along with Maryland T/J, roundabout and traffic circle . In

363-488: Is known from the crossing at Shibuya Station , Tokyo. In 2020, NHTSA reported that more than 50% of pedestrian deaths in the United States (3,262 total) were attributed to failure to yield the right of way-- which typically occurs at intersections. Poor visibility at junctions can lead to drivers colliding with cyclists and motorcyclists. Some junctions use advanced stop lines which allow cyclists to filter to

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396-449: Is on, drivers heading in the direction of the arrow may proceed, but must yield to all other vehicles. This is similar to the right turn on red in the US. Disadvantages to turn lanes include increased pavement area, with associated increases in construction and maintenance costs, as well as increased amounts of stormwater runoff. They also increase the distance over which pedestrians crossing

429-488: Is the Naru Arts Center. In the first half of 2009 Line 2's ridership increased. The Star City mall was noted as a being a major contributor to this increase. The exits attached to the elevated platform serve both Noyu-dong and Hwayang-dong directly as the road that runs underneath the station serves as a border between the two areas. These areas are mixed residential and commercial with the areas immediately around

462-515: Is where two or more roads meet. Roads began as a means of linking locations of interest: towns , forts and geographic features such as river fords . Where roads met outside of an existing settlement, these junctions often led to a new settlement. Scotch Corner is an example of such a location. In the United Kingdom and other countries, the practice of giving names to junctions emerged, to help travellers find their way. Junctions took

495-1195: The Michigan left / Superstreet (RCUT/MUT) and continuous flow intersection (CFI/DLT), to improve traffic flow, and also interchange types like Diverging diamond interchange (DDI/DCD) design as part of the Federal Highway Administration 's Every Day Counts initiative which started in 2012. Vulnerable road users include pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and individuals using motorized scooters and similar devices. Compared to people who are in motor vehicles (like cars and trucks), they are much more likely to suffer catastrophic or fatal injuries at an intersection. Intersections generally must manage pedestrian as well as vehicle traffic. Pedestrian aids include crosswalks , pedestrian-directed traffic signals ("walk light") and over / underpasses . Traffic signals can be time consuming to navigate, especially if programmed to prioritise vehicle flow over pedestrians, while over and underpasses which rely on stairs are inaccessible to those who can not climb them. Walk lights may be accompanied by audio signals to aid

528-638: The diverging diamond , Michigan urban diamond, three-level diamond , and tight diamond. Others include center-turn overpass, contraflow left, single loop, and single-point urban overpass. Non-signalized designs include the cloverleaf , contraflow left, dogbone (restricted dumbbell), double crossover merging , dumbbell (grade-separated bowtie), echelon, free-flow interchange , partial cloverleaf , raindrop , single and double roundabouts (grade-separated roundabout ), single-point urban , stack , and windmill . Autobahnkreuz (literally "autobahn cross"), short form kreuz , and abbreviated as AK,

561-643: The EU it is estimated that around 5,000 out of 26,100 people who are killed in car crashes are killed in a junction collision, in 2015, while it was around 8,000 in 2006. During the 2006–2015 decade, this means around 20% of road fatalities occur at junctions. By kind of users junctions fatalities are car users, 34%; pedestrians, 23%; motorcycle, 21%; pedal-cycle 12%; and other road users, the remaining. It has been considered that several causes might lead to fatalities; for instance: A number of features make this protected intersection much safer . A corner refuge island,

594-429: The case of railways or rail tracks the term at grade applies to a rail line that is not on an embankment nor in an open cut . As such, it crosses streets and roads without going under or over them. This requires level crossings . At-grade railways may run along the median of a highway . The opposite is grade-separated . There may be overpasses or underpasses . Junction (road) A junction

627-512: The direction of the turn which is to be made from that lane. Multi-headed arrows indicate that vehicle drivers may travel in any one of the directions pointed to by an arrow. Traffic signals facing vehicles in turn lanes often have arrow-shaped indications. North America uses various indication patterns. Green arrows indicate protected turn phases, when vehicles may turn unhindered by oncoming traffic. Red arrows may be displayed to prohibit turns in that direction. Red arrows may be displayed along with

660-479: The front of a traffic queue which makes them more visible to drivers. A European study found that in Germany and Denmark, the most important crash scenario involving vulnerable road users was: These findings are supported by data elsewhere. According to the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration , roughly half of all U.S. car crashes occurred at intersections or were intersection related in 2019. In

693-405: The intersection shown in the diagram, left turn lanes are present in the right-left street. Turn lanes allow vehicles, to cross oncoming traffic (i.e., a left turn in right-side driving countries, or a right turn in left-side driving countries), or to exit a road without crossing traffic (i.e., a right turn in right-side driving countries, or a left turn in left-side driving countries). Absence of

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726-606: The low grade bike lanes in the roadway or higher grade and much safer protected bicycle paths that are physically separated from the roadway. In Manchester, UK, traffic engineers have designed a protected junction known as the Cycle-Optimised Signal (CYCLOPS) Junction. This design places a circulatory cycle track around the edge of the junction, with pedestrian crossing on the inside. This design allows for an all-red pedestrian / cyclist phase with reduced conflicts. Traffic signals are timed to allow cyclists to make

759-454: The mid-way point on the opposite side of the loop. Line 7 runs from Seongnam to Jangam with a similar schedule to Line 2. It is operated by Seoul Metro . Passengers can directly transfer to every line on the subway system from either Line 2 or Line 7 except for the Incheon and Airport Express Lines . This station is one of two transfer points between Line 2 and 7. At the various exits for

792-459: The name of a prominent nearby business or a point of interest. As of the road networks increased in density and traffic flows followed suit, managing the flow of traffic across the junction became of increasing importance, to minimize delays and improve safety. The first innovation was to add traffic control devices, such as stop signs and traffic lights that regulated traffic flow. Next came lane controls that limited what each lane of traffic

825-512: The north-east corner of Konkuk University intersection is Konkuk University and Konkuk University Medical Center. Currently under construction is a Young Zone entertainment and shopping complex. Opposite the university on the south-east side of the intersection is the Star City shopping and residential complex. This complex contains a shopping mall , cinema, parking garage, small outdoor stage, and several residential high rises. Next to Star City

858-775: The right . If not otherwise specified, "right" and "left" can be reversed to reflect jurisdictions where vehicles are driven on the left . One way to classify intersections is by the number of road segments (arms) that are involved. Another way of classifying intersections is by traffic control technology: At intersections, turns are usually allowed, but are often regulated to avoid interference with other traffic. Certain turns may be not allowed or may be limited by regulatory signs or signals, particularly those that cross oncoming traffic. Alternative designs often attempt to reduce or eliminate such potential conflicts. At intersections with large proportions of turning traffic, turn lanes (also known as turn bays ) may be provided. For example, in

891-402: The station, ten different bus lines make stops. These buses including various trunk, branch and rapid buses. The airport shuttle bus, route 6013, also has a drop off and pick up stop near exit 5 of the station. 37°32′24″N 127°04′11″E  /  37.54000°N 127.06972°E  / 37.54000; 127.06972 Intersection (road) An intersection or an at-grade junction

924-431: The station. Line 2 is operated by Seoul Metro and is a circle route with two spur lines. The subway runs with varying headways depending on the time of day. During rush hour it can come as often as every 5 minutes and in non-peak times it can be as infrequent as every 15 minutes. It takes an equal amount of time in either direction to reach Guro Digital Complex Station on Line 2 from Konkuk University Station making it

957-438: The street are exposed to vehicle traffic. If a turn lane has a separate signal phase, it often increases the delay experienced by oncoming through traffic. Without a separate phase, left crossing traffic does not get the full safety benefit of the turn lane. Alternative intersection configurations, formerly called unconventional intersections, can manage turning traffic to increase safety and intersection throughput. These include

990-483: The subway exits being predominantly small shops and businesses and giving way to more residential as the distance from the station and main roads increases. Exit #1 features the only elevator that can be used to access the station and is attached to the only other high rise in the area. It is also a mixed-use building known in South Korea as an officetel . Line 2 and 7 of Seoul Metropolitan Subway both operate at

1023-460: The visually impaired. Medians can offer pedestrian islands, allowing pedestrians to divide their crossings into a separate segment for each traffic direction, possibly with a separate signal for each. Some intersections display red lights in all directions for a period of time . Known as a pedestrian scramble , this type of vehicle all-way stop allows pedestrians to cross safely in any direction, including diagonally. All green for non motorists

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1056-982: Was allowed to do while crossing. Turns across oncoming traffic might be prohibited, or allowed only when oncoming and crossing traffic was stopped. This was followed by specialized junction designs that incorporated information about traffic volumes, speeds, driver intent and many other factors. The most basic distinction among junction types is whether or not the roads cross at the same or different elevations . More expensive, grade-separated interchanges generally offer higher throughput at higher cost. Single-grade intersections are lower cost and lower throughput. Each main type comes in many variants. At interchanges , roads pass above or below each other, using grade separation and slip roads . The terms motorway junction and highway interchange typically refer to this layout. They can be further subdivided into those with and without signal controls. Signalized ( traffic-light controlled) interchanges include such " diamond " designs as

1089-587: Was joined with Line 2 at this station on October 11, 1996. Star City, a residential and shopping complex, was finished in October 2008 with the opening of the Lotte Department Store . As part of the development an underground exit was built between the Line 7 platform and complex. It was opened on July 25, 2009. It links the areas without requiring passengers to cross the street and will house several shops. The station features both an elevated with

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