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37-481: The main room of the Schouwburg is relatively small for current standards, and can seat 680 people in total with the main room and three balconies. The stage has a 1929 antique revolving stage that is still functional but no longer in use. It is considered one of the most prestigious theaters in the country. In 1766 Charles Christian, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg , brother in law of stadtholder William V , ordered

74-509: A breakout exhibition after seeking economic and artistic self-determination , which included forming a cooperative. Although the group was dissolved amid the Nazi art purges, they were re-established in 1946, and celebrated their centennial in 1992. Munich, Weimar and Germany's Darmstadt Artists' Colony (1895–1910) — They were formed to resist the official and academic emphasis on historicism and neoclassicism in art, while instead pursuing

111-458: A historic break between a group of avant-garde artists and conservative European standard-bearers of academic and official art in the late 19th and early 20th century. The name was first suggested by Georg Hirth (1841–1916), the editor and publisher of the influential German art magazine Jugend ( Youth) , which also went on to lend its name to the Jugendstil . His word choice emphasized

148-474: A long time, and it was decided to tear it down, just before a group of citizens from The Hague rented it for 99 years to turn it into a theater. To test the structural integrity of the building, a regiment of soldiers with full packing was ordered to walk on the balconies; the building was determined to be sufficiently stable and it could be turned into a theater. Theater was not a novel sport in The Hague, but

185-495: A perfect blend of fine and applied arts. Jugendstil design often included the "floral motifs, arabesques, and organically inspired lines" of the Vienna Secession. Its practical edge, however, was wholly its own, as it matched designers with "industrialists for mass production to disseminate products." That practicality undoubtedly influenced its increasing abstraction and interest in functionality, initially showcased in

222-799: A while the theater was appointed as the home theater for the Deutsches Theater in den Niederlanden (German: German Theater in the Netherlands), which forced the Residentie Tooneel to move to the Princesse Schouwburg . These changes were reverted after the war. When the board of the Residentie Toneel quit in 1947 after an internal conflict, the Haagse Comedie (Comedy Company of The Hague)

259-629: Is the most famous of these groups. Although the Austrian Gustav Klimt is one of its most well-known members, the group also included Czech Alphonse Mucha , Croatian sculptor Ivan Mestrovic and the Polish artists Jozef Mehoffer , Jacek Malczewski and Stanislaw Wyspianski , the latter of whom were invited to join the Secession in its opening year, as well as write for Ver Sacrum , the Secession magazine Klimt founded, which spread

296-881: The Munich Secession formed in response to stifling conservatism from the Munich Artists' Association, the Academy of Fine Arts and, most notably, the art foundation dedicated to history painting in service to the state, known as Prinzregent-Luitpold-Stiftung zur Förderung der Kunst, des Kunstgewerbes und des Handwerks in München. Key figures in the movement included Bernhard Buttersack , Ludwig Dill , Bruno Piglhein , Ludwig von Herterich , Paul Hoecker , Albert von Keller , Gotthardt Kuehl , Hugo von Habermann , Robert Poetzelberger , Franz von Stuck , Fritz von Uhde and Heinrich von Zügel . They are best known for

333-572: The Salon du Champs-de-Mars (1890–present), is named after the 1791 Champ de Mars Massacre that saw dozens of civilians killed at the hands of the military, which radicalized the Paris citizenry – and the Salon's organizers were likely hoping for a similarly revolutionary effect. Eager to curate their own work, Puvis de Chavannes and Auguste Rodin declared independence by forming a break-away group, which

370-604: The Association of Berlin Artists, and the restrictions on contemporary art imposed by Kaiser Wilhelm II, 65 artists "seceded" to create and exhibit new work, sometimes linked by terms like "Berlin Impressionism," or " German Post-Impressionism ," in both cases reflecting the influence of French Impressionism , which had spread internationally. They are also known for their conceptual art, as well as an internal split in

407-647: The Dresden Secession officially dissolved in 1925, many of its artists continued pursuing careers into the 1930s and beyond, even while the Nazis began "cleansing" the culture of the Modernist art and artists they deemed offensive. Their "purification" program included displacing Modernist art in Germany's museums with an earlier style of rigid Realism and an Apollonian "classical" style that glorified

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444-582: The King's ownership, the French opera and Dutch theater bloomed in The Hague. Opera was performed most frequently, almost exclusively in French. In 1863 the interior of the theater was modernized by architect W.C. van der Waeyen Pieterszen . This was also when the letters 'SPQH' were added to the front of the building, referring to the phrase Senatus Populusque Hagensis (Government and People of The Hague). In 1901

481-730: The Lutheran church. De Swart drafted a design in neo- Louis XIV style for a 77 meter wide and three stories high building around a semicircular cour d'honneur . At the front of the building, from left to right, a billiard room, bed room, cabinet and antichambre would be located. At the garden side of the building, a music hall, ballroom and party room would be located, with five goblins on the walls. He also made designs for two canapés , 18 gilded fauteuils and five bronze wall chandeliers. The curtains were to be made out of damask . In 1769, Charles Christian moved to Weilburg , where Carolina died in 1787. This removed urgency from his side to finish

518-858: The Third Reich. In 1937, while planning a major exhibition of "pure" art, Joseph Goebbels , Hitler's Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda , also conceived of a Degenerate Art Exhibition , which ultimately featured 650 works of art confiscated from 32 different museums – and then sold for profit. "Degeneracy" was an entrenched policy by then, a useful way for Hitler, who twice failed to matriculate into art school, to routinely sanction other artists. At that point, artists who could fled, those who couldn't were later deported to concentration camps. Some, like Berlin Secessionist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner , committed suicide. Still others collaborated. In 1945,

555-546: The Viennese version is known for its beauty, Dresden's version is known for its politics and its post-expressionist rejection of romanticized aesthetics. The New Objectivist and German Expressionist styles of artists like Otto Dix and Conrad Felixmüller were hardened by the horrors of the First World War , and replete with criticism of Weimar Germany . The Nazis would later condemn both artists. Although

592-645: The audience to the same, his company was replaced in 1924 by the Vereenigd Rotterdamsch-Hofstad Tooneel of Cor van der Lugt Melsert . In 1929 the backside of the building was extensively renovated, a stage tower was installed to make it possible to hoist up decors and the dressing rooms were modernized. In 1938 the Vereenigd Rotterdamsch-Hofstad Tooneel fell apart, and the then recently founded Residentie Tooneel (Residence stage company)

629-596: The city council of The Hague decided to close the theater because of unsafe fire conditions. This triggered an intense debate in the city on whether or not to keep the Koninklijke Schouwburg, the so-called Schouwburg-quaestie (the matter of the Theater) that was eventually decided in favor of the proponents of renovating the Koninklijke Schouwburg. The theater was closed for a decade and rigorously renovated by City Architect J.J. Gort, completely overhauling

666-505: The city palace. In 1774 part of the palace was finished, but architect de Swart died the previous year. The building could not be finished, and the designs were auctioned off. Because of the Batavian Revolution and the following French occupation, the building had to be stopped. After Charles Christian died, his heirs sold all his possessions in The Hague, except for this unfinished palace. It remained empty and unfinished for

703-621: The city, including the Koninklijke Schouwburg. The three salons at the first floor at the front of the building are in use as salon and can be rented separately. 1766 Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.236 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 958034777 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 10:41:13 GMT Secession (art) In art history , secession refers to

740-539: The construction of a little city palace at the Korte Voorhout for his 23 year old wife Princess Carolina of Orange-Nassau and himself. He gave the assignment to Pieter de Swart , who studied for two years in Paris, paid for by stadtholder William IV. De Swart was also responsible for several other prominent buildings in The Hague, such as the former Royal Library, the Lange Voorhout Palace and

777-432: The evening, but in 1813 the traveling company of Ward Bingley became the permanent occupant. In 1815 this company was permitted to change its name to Koninklijke Zuid-Hollandsche Tooneelisten (Royal South-Holland Actors), a company that would exist until around 1875. In 1830 the Schouwburg was sold to the municipality of The Hague, which sold it to King William II in 1841 and bought it back in 1853 from his heirs. Under

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814-707: The group which led to the formation of a New Secession (1910–1914). Key figures included Walter Leistikow , Franz Skarbina , Max Liebermann , Hermann Struck , and the Norwegian painter Edvard Munch . Cologne (1909–1916) — Also known as the "Sonderbund" or the "Separate League of West German Art Lovers and Artists," the Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler was known for its landmark exhibitions introducing French Impressionism , Post-Impressionism and Modernism to Germany. Its 1912 show aimed to organize "the most disputed paintings of our time," and

851-757: The illustrations and graphic design of its best-known designer Otto Eckmann in magazines like Jugend and Simpicissimus and Pan . Like its Viennese counterpart, artists like Hermann Obrist , Henry van de Velde , Bernhard Pankok and Richard Riemerschmid also produced architecture, furniture, and ceramics. But unlike Vienna, it diverged sufficiently to provide the foundations for Bauhaus . "Principles of standardization of materials, design, and production" that, for example, architect Peter Behrens pioneered in pursuit of Gesamtkunstwerk (a complete work of art) were later passed on to his three most famous students: Mies van der Rohe , Le Corbusier , Walter Gropius . Vienna (1897–1905) — The most famous secession

888-492: The influence of Art Nouveau . Curvilinear geometric shapes and patterns of that period are typical of it. Artists reveled in the movement's broad visual vocabulary. Their work spanned the arts — painting, decor, architecture, graphic design, furniture, ceramics, glassware and jewelry — at times naturalistic, at times stylized. Founded in 1919, the Dresden Secession stands in contrast to the Vienna Secession. While

925-577: The interior of the building around the theater room. The theater room itself was provided with a new, lively decorated, ceiling that was painted by Henricus Jansen and further decorated with a colossal chandelier in the secession style. After World War I , permanent companies were assigned to play in the Koninklijke Schouwburg. The first company was contracted in 1921: the Haghespelers in 't Voorhout of Eduard Verkade . Because Verkade mostly brought progressive theater and didn't succeed in warming up

962-455: The last year of World War II, the British and American bombing of (civilian) Dresden controversially left the city, an arts and cultural landmark, known for both the Dresden Secession and the turn-of-the-century Expressionist art movement Die Brücke , in ruins. (Selection was limited by availability.) Paris (1890–present) — Known for its role in decisively ending the stranglehold

999-425: The owner, paid 31 million guilders to make the necessary changes designed by Vandenhove. The stairways were considered dangerous, and replaced by two main stairways fully made out of glass on both sides of the main hall. An elevator was installed for visitors, technical facilities were modernized, ventilation was improved and new chairs with more leg space were installed. On 18 September 1999 the Koninklijke Schouwburg

1036-520: The state had on the salon exhibition system, the rebel Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts formed in reaction to the Société des artists français . The revolt led by Puvis de Chavannes , Ernest Meissonier , Carolus-Duran and Carrier-Belleuse helped radicalize the Central European art world. Munich (1892–1938 and 1946–present) — Also known as the Association of Visual Artists of Munich,

1073-633: The thesis he published in 1976. Simon argued that the successive waves of art secessions in the late 19th and early 20th century Europe collectively form a movement best described by the all-encompassing term "Secessionism." By convention, the term is usually restricted to one of several secessions — mainly in Germany, but also in Austria and France — coinciding with the end of the Second Industrial Revolution , World War I and early Weimar Germany . The first secession, known as

1110-710: The tumultuous rejection of legacy art while it was being reimagined. Of the various secessions, the Vienna Secession (1897) remains the most influential. Led by Gustav Klimt , who favored the ornate Art Nouveau style over the prevailing styles of the time, it was inspired by the Munich Secession (1892), and the nearly contemporaneous Berlin Secession (1898), all of which begot the term Sezessionstil , or "Secession style." Hans-Ulrich Simon later revisited that idea in Sezessionismus: Kunstgewerbe in literarischer und bildender Kunst ,

1147-460: Was a ground-breaking departure in a culture with salon traditions dating back to the early 1700s. Unlike subsequent secessions, Chavannes' group sought higher standards and a more conservative approach, not a more liberal one. Over the next several years, artists in various European countries followed in the Salon's footsteps, likewise "seceding" from traditional art movements and follow their own diktats . The Vienna Secession , founded in 1897,

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1184-497: Was always performed 'on location': where-ever it suited. Some permanent smaller theaters have been located around the city, but were considered too shabby to deserve the name 'theater'. The city palace was renovated by architect Johan van Duyfhuis and on 30 April 1804 the Nieuwe Haagse Stadsschouwburg (New City Theater of The Hague) opened its doors. Initially the theater was rented to theater companies by

1221-458: Was appointed as their successor. Literary matinees became more common, where a guest speaker would discuss a literary topic, illustrated by actors who would recite scenes from plays, prose and poetry. A youth company was founded to perform plays for schools. During 1940-1945 ( World War II ), the name of the theater was changed by the German occupying force to Stadsschouwburg (City Theater). After

1258-619: Was later credited for helping develop a German version of Expressionism while also presenting the most significant exhibition of European Modernism prior to World War I." The following year, in fact, it inspired a similar show in New York. Artists associated with the group included Julius Bretz , Max Clarenbach , August Deusser , Walter Ophey , Ernst Osthaus, Egon Schiele , Wilhelm Schmurr, Alfred Sohn-Rethel , Karli Sohn-Rethel and Otto Sohn-Rethel , along with collectors and curators of art. Dresden (1919–1925) — Formed in reaction to

1295-489: Was reopened by the alderman Louise Engering , followed by the premiere of "Oude Mensen" by the Nationale Toneel (directed by Ger Thijs ). In 2006/2007 new halls/rooms were added at the back of the building for practice, offices and workshops. In 2017, the Nationale Toneel merged with Theater aan het Spui, another major stage company in The Hague, to Het Nationale Theater - which plays in multiple theaters across

1332-609: Was selected as the new company to call the Koninklijke Schouwburg their home. They developed their own style, and in 1988 it was reformed into the Nationale Toneel (National Stage Company). In 1992, a glass building was attached to the left side of the building with the ticketing desks, designed by the Belgian architect Charles Vandenhove . In 1997-1999 the Koninklijke Schouwburg was again extensively renovated - in part to guarantee fire safety. The municipality of The Hague,

1369-581: Was the Vienna Secession formed in reaction to the Association of Austrian Artists. Leading figures included Gustav Klimt , Josef Hoffman , Koloman Moser and Otto Wagner . They are known for their painting, furniture, glass and ceramics, as well as the Secession Building the architect Joseph Maria Olbrich 's designed in Vienna, and the magazine Ver Sacrum , founded by Klimt. Berlin (1899–1913) — The Berlin Secession formed in reaction to

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