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64-522: The Trinity was considered one of the most comprehensive music workstations, in terms of features, at the time. In 1998, Trinity V3 models were introduced, incorporating sound engines from the Korg Z1 . The Trinity and the Korg Prophecy were both introduced on the same day, drawing significantly from the technology developed for KORG's OASYS "Open Architecture Synthesis System" synthesizer. While

128-466: A parallel bus design. Since 2005, SPI was gradually replaced by Serial Attached SCSI (SAS), which uses a serial design but retains other aspects of the technology. Many other interfaces which do not rely on complete SCSI standards still implement the SCSI command protocol ; others drop physical implementation entirely while retaining the SCSI architectural model . iSCSI , for example, uses TCP/IP as

192-427: A target . The initiator sends a command to the target, which then responds. SCSI commands are sent in a Command Descriptor Block ( CDB ). The CDB consists of a one byte operation code followed by five or more bytes containing command-specific parameters. At the end of the command sequence, the target returns a status code byte, such as 00h for success, 02h for an error (called a Check Condition), or 08h for busy. When

256-406: A white noise generator with a dedicated resonant filter . The Z1 offers two multi-mode filters with low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject, and dual band-pass responses. Following this, the signal enters an amplifier Section with a 5-stage envelope . A unique feedback option enables the output from the amplifier section to be rerouted into the signal chain for distortion effects. The Z1

320-592: A "LUN number" or "LUN id". In modern SCSI transport protocols, there is an automated process for the "discovery" of the IDs. The SSA initiator (normally the host computer through the 'host adaptor') "walk the loop" to determine what devices are connected and then assigns each one a 7-bit "hop-count" value. Fibre Channel – Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL) initiators use the LIP (Loop Initialization Protocol) to interrogate each device port for its WWN ( World Wide Name ). For iSCSI, because of

384-403: A 21-bit LBA address. The Read(10), Read(12), Read Long, Write(10), Write(12), and Write Long commands all contain a 32-bit LBA address plus various other parameter options. The capacity of a "sequential access" (i.e. tape-type) device is not specified because it depends, amongst other things, on the length of the tape, which is not identified in a machine-readable way. Read and write operations on

448-459: A much broader range of options for RAID subsystems together with the existence of nearline SAS (NL-SAS) drives. Instead of SCSI, modern desktop computers and notebooks typically use SATA interfaces for internal hard disk drives, with NVMe over PCIe gaining popularity as SATA can bottleneck modern solid-state drives . SCSI is available in a variety of interfaces. The first was parallel SCSI (also called SCSI Parallel Interface or SPI), which uses

512-410: A sequential access device begin at the current tape position, not at a specific LBA. The block size on sequential access devices can either be fixed or variable, depending on the specific device. Tape devices such as half-inch 9-track tape , DDS (4 mm tapes physically similar to DAT ), Exabyte , etc., support variable block sizes. On a parallel SCSI bus, a device (e.g. host adapter, disk drive)

576-511: A touch-sensitive X-Y pad, featuring many of the capabilities of the Prophecy's Log controller. The physical modelling engines of the Z1 stem from Korg's OASYS (Open Architecture SYnthesis System). Each voice is generated from two physically modelled oscillators, complemented by a sub-oscillator and a noise generator. The Z1 offers a 12-voice polyphony and supports 6-part multitimbrality , allowing

640-453: A transport mechanism, which is most often transported over Gigabit Ethernet or faster network links. SCSI interfaces have often been included on computers from various manufacturers for use under Microsoft Windows , classic Mac OS , Unix , Amiga and Linux operating systems, either implemented on the motherboard or by the means of plug-in adaptors. With the advent of SAS and SATA drives, provision for parallel SCSI on motherboards

704-522: A unified standard. In October 1981, the two companies agreed to co-develop SASI and present their standard jointly with ANSI. Until at least February 1982, ANSI developed the specification as "SASI" and "Shugart Associates System Interface". However, the committee documenting the standard would not allow it to be named after a company. Almost a full day was devoted to agreeing to name the standard "Small Computer System Interface", which Boucher intended to be pronounced "sexy", but ENDL's Dal Allan pronounced

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768-652: A vast range of sound. The Z1 features the nine models found in the Prophecy, which include the Analog, VPM, Brass, Reed, Plucked String, Comb Filter, Sync, Ring Modulator, and Cross-Modulation models. Additionally, the Z1 introduces four new oscillator models, which are the Resonance, Organ, Electric Piano, and Bowed String models. The sound from the two MOSS oscillators is then mixed with a sub-oscillator that provides sawtooth , square , triangle , and sine waveforms, and which can be tuned independently of OSC1 and OSC2, and

832-421: Is a "virtual" disk—a stripe set or mirror set constructed from portions of real disk drives. The SCSI ID, WWN, etc. in this case identifies the whole subsystem, and a second number, the logical unit number (LUN) identifies a disk device (real or virtual) within the subsystem. It is quite common, though incorrect, to refer to the logical unit itself as a "LUN". Sometimes, redundantly, the actual LUN may be called

896-427: Is a 5-bit field reported by a SCSI Inquiry Command ; defined SCSI Peripheral Device Types include, in addition to many varieties of storage device, printer, scanner, communications device, and a catch-all "processor" type for devices not otherwise listed. In larger SCSI servers, the disk-drive devices are housed in an intelligent enclosure that supports SCSI Enclosure Services (SES) . The initiator can communicate with

960-469: Is a basic low/high shelving EQ before the Trinity main outputs. The Trinity series launched with four different models; the base Trinity ($ 3,599/£2,395 MSRP) featured a synth-weighted 61-note keyboard with channel aftertouch. The Trinity Plus ($ 3,999/£2,700 MSRP) included the "Solo Synthesizer" board, incorporating the sound engine of the Korg Prophecy for integration into the workstation. This feature

1024-496: Is a protocol that specifies how to transport SCSI commands over a reliable RDMA connection. This protocol can run over any RDMA-capable physical transport, e.g. InfiniBand or Ethernet when using RoCE or iWARP . USB Attached SCSI allows SCSI devices to use the Universal Serial Bus . The Automation/Drive Interface − Transport Protocol (ADT) is used to connect removable media devices, such as tape drives, with

1088-416: Is considered to be the "father" of SASI and ultimately SCSI due to his pioneering work first at Shugart Associates and then at Adaptec , which he founded in 1981. A SASI controller provided a bridge between a hard disk drive's low-level interface and a host computer, which needed to read blocks of data. SASI controller boards were typically the size of a hard disk drive and were usually physically mounted to

1152-464: Is equipped with four extra modulation envelopes and four LFOs , each capable of producing 17 distinct waveforms, including sample and hold . Its effects section is multitimbral, enabling distinct effects and EQ adjustments on separate tracks. This includes 15 insert effects and a master effects section that introduces three additional effects and a 2-band EQ. The Z1 includes an arpeggiator that supports both monophonic and polyphonic patterns and allows for

1216-565: Is identified by a "SCSI ID", which is a number in the range 0–7 on a narrow bus and in the range 0–15 on a wide bus. On earlier models a physical jumper or switch controls the SCSI ID of the initiator ( host adapter ). On modern host adapters (since about 1997), doing I/O to the adapter sets the SCSI ID; for example, the adapter often contains a Option ROM (SCSI BIOS) program that runs when the computer boots up and that program has menus that let

1280-404: Is typically for a CD-ROM drive. Note that a SCSI target device (which can be called a "physical unit") is sometimes divided into smaller "logical units". For example, a high-end disk subsystem may be a single SCSI device but contain dozens of individual disk drives, each of which is a logical unit. Further, a RAID array may be a single SCSI device, but may contain many logical units, each of which

1344-435: Is used which is also of serial nature. SCSI is popular on high-performance workstations, servers, and storage appliances. Almost all RAID subsystems on servers have used some kind of SCSI hard disk drives for decades (initially Parallel SCSI, interim Fibre Channel, recently SAS), though a number of manufacturers offer SATA -based RAID subsystems as a cheaper option. Moreover, SAS offers compatibility with SATA devices, creating

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1408-677: The Clavia Nord Lead in the same year. Korg debuted their Multi-Oscillator Synthesis System (MOSS) in 1995 with the Prophecy monosynth, which offered both physical and analog modelling synthesis. This technology was later expanded into a polyphonic format with the release of the Z1, which featured additional physical models. The synthesis types offered by the Z1 led to the development of the MOSS expansion board, which incorporates Z1 sound engines into Korg's range of workstations, including

1472-466: The Korg Trinity and Triton . The Z1 uses the same case as the Korg Trinity and features a 61-note keyboard with velocity sensitivity and aftertouch. It is equipped with a 240x64 pixel LCD, which is smaller than the Trinity's display, and boasts 23 knobs on its top panel. This includes five assignable Performance Editor knobs, similar to those found on the Prophecy . Additionally, the Z1 has

1536-742: The Macintosh Quadra 630 in 1994, and added it to its high-end desktops starting with the Power Macintosh G3 in 1997. Apple dropped on-board SCSI completely in favor of IDE and FireWire with the (Blue & White) Power Mac G3 in 1999, while still offering a PCI SCSI host adapter as an option on up to the Power Macintosh G4 (AGP Graphics) models. Sun switched its lower-end range to Parallel ATA (PATA) with introduction of their Ultra 5 and 10 low end workstations using CMD640 IDE controller and continued this trend with

1600-537: The Prophecy and Z1 synthesizers. This update led to the introduction of the Trinity V3 models (V3 $ 2,899/£1,899 MSRP, Pro V3, ProX V3), which were equipped with the MOSS board. The inclusion of six extra voices from the Z1 in the V3 models not only expanded the Trinity's polyphony to 38 but also allowed the workstation to leverage the Z1's modelled sounds through the Trinity's superior effects. Additionally, Korg offered

1664-831: The Amiga 3000/3000T systems and it was an add-on to previous Amiga 500/2000 models. Starting with the Amiga 600/1200/4000 systems Commodore switched to the IDE interface. Atari included SCSI as standard in its Atari MEGA STE , Atari TT and Atari Falcon computer models. SCSI has never been popular in the low-priced IBM PC world, owing to the lower cost and adequate performance of ATA hard disk standard. However, SCSI drives and even SCSI RAIDs became common in PC workstations for video or audio production. Recent physical versions of SCSI‍—‌ Serial Attached SCSI (SAS), SCSI-over- Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP), and USB Attached SCSI (UAS)‍—‌break from

1728-532: The MOSS-TRI board as a standalone upgrade for existing Trinity owners, providing an opportunity to retrofit the advanced synthesis capabilities of the MOSS technology in place of the original Solo board. Late 1997 saw the launch of the TR-Rack "Expanded ACCESS" synthesizer module ($ 1,599/£999 MSRP), a 1U rackmount version of the Trinity synthesizer and effects system (without sequencer or floppy disk drive) that

1792-519: The OASYS was a prototype that was showcased but not released commercially, it was built on an open DSP system concept capable of loading diverse models for various synthesis types and physical modelling sound generators, utilizing a multi-DSP architecture. The Trinity boasted the ACCESS sound generator, which included 48 MB of PCM waveforms and introduced resonant filters into Korg's workstation lineup for

1856-567: The SCSI standards also include an extensive set of command definitions. The SCSI command architecture was originally defined for parallel SCSI buses but has been carried forward with minimal change for use with iSCSI and serial SCSI. Other technologies which use the SCSI command set include the ATA Packet Interface , USB Mass Storage class and FireWire SBP-2 . In SCSI terminology, communication takes place between an initiator and

1920-1127: The Trinity main PCB that were activated when the PBS-TRI board was installed, resulting in doubled sound-patch memory locations for Programs (adding "Banks C & D"), Combinations (adding "Banks C & D"), Drum Kits (increased to 24), and any installed Solo/MOSS DSP synthesizer (increased to 128) . The HDR-TRI upgrade ($ 899/£599 MSRP) transformed the Trinity into a four-track hard disk recording and editing platform, adding SCSI , S/PDIF and analog audio inputs, and also enabling external audio procerssing through Trinity's Master Effects processors. An SCSI-TRI option (redundant if HDR-TRI installed) ($ 599/£399 MSRP) added SCSI interfacing to external high-speed mass-storage like hard and/or optical drives. The DI-TRI 4-channel ADAT -compatible digital audio interface with word clock syncronization ($ 349/£225 MSRP). The SOLO-TRI "Solo DSP Synthesizer" (monophonic) option ($ 599/£475 MSRP) compatible with Korg Prophecy soundpatches (included factory installed in "Plus"/"Pro"/"ProX" models)

1984-789: The X3T9 technical committee of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986. SCSI-2 was published in August 1990 as X3.T9.2/86-109, with further revisions in 1994 and subsequent adoption of a multitude of interfaces. Further refinements have resulted in improvements in performance and support for ever-increasing data storage capacity. SCSI is derived from the Shugart Associates System Interface (SASI), developed beginning 1979 and publicly disclosed in 1981. Larry Boucher

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2048-679: The ability to apply up to four effects per kit. Additionally, each drum sound can be independently panned and sent to the filter. Trinity's effects system was revolutionary at the time for the number of simultaneous effects (potentially truly multitimbral, plus overall effects), the ability of the user to assign those simultaneous effects with a great degree of freedom, the large number, variety, programmability of effects algorithms, and realtime effects control. The effects system included eight-total user-assigned "Insert Effect" "Size" processing blocks, plus two distinct "Master Effect" send/return scheme processors. The Insert effect blocks are assigned by

2112-529: The controllers of the libraries (automation devices) in which they are installed. The ADI standard specifies the use of RS-422 for the physical connections. The second-generation ADT-2 standard defines iADT, use of the ADT protocol over IP (Internet Protocol) connections, such as over Ethernet . The Automation/Drive Interface − Commands standards (ADC, ADC-2, and ADC-3) define SCSI commands for these installations. In addition to many different hardware implementations,

2176-526: The data entry fader, up/down buttons, the 10-key keypad, or the spinwheel. Resting a finger on the screen displays an enlarged control, which can be adjusted by dragging the finger up, down, or around the screen. It utilizes 16-bit, 48kHz PCM samples stored in 24Mb of ROM, effectively doubled to 48Mb through 2:1 data compression. The sound library comprises over 1,000 individual samples, including 374 multisamples and an extensive drum library of 258 PCM sounds. Users can create up to 12 customizable drum kits, with

2240-456: The drive's chassis. SASI, which was used in mini- and early microcomputers, defined the interface as using a 50-pin flat ribbon connector which was adopted as the SCSI-1 connector. SASI is a fully compliant subset of SCSI-1 so that many, if not all, of the then-existing SASI controllers were SCSI-1 compatible. In around 1980, NCR Corporation had been developing a competing interface standard by

2304-530: The expansion option boards installed via simple sockets similar to personal computer boards, some also secured with metal brackets and screws (but soldering two wires was required with DI-TRI installation). In late 1998, Korg updated its Trinity series by replacing the Solo board in the Trinity Plus, Pro, and ProX models with the MOSS (Multi Oscillator Synthesis System) board, a technology previously utilized in

2368-538: The faster serial SCSI (SAS) host adapters. The "small" reference in "small computer system interface" is historical; since the mid-1990s, SCSI has been available on even the largest of computer systems. Since its standardization in 1986, SCSI has been commonly used in the Amiga , Atari , Apple Macintosh and Sun Microsystems computer lines and PC server systems. Apple started using the less-expensive parallel ATA (PATA, also known as IDE ) for its low-end machines with

2432-473: The first time. The Trinity's design, from its aesthetic to its operational framework, draws heavily from the Korg 'T' and ' 01 ' series, incorporating elements such as Programs, Combis, and sequencing capabilities, as well as familiar global configurations and disk operations. The Trinity utilizes a large, touch-sensitive screen for editing, allowing users to select parameter names or icons and modify values using

2496-429: The jumpers are typically located; the switch emulates the necessary jumpers. While there is no standard that makes this work, drive designers typically set up their jumper headers in a consistent format that matches the way that these switches implement. Setting the bootable (or first) hard disk to SCSI ID 0 is an accepted IT community recommendation. SCSI ID 2 is usually set aside for the floppy disk drive while SCSI ID 3

2560-475: The later Blade 100 and 150 entry level systems and did not switch to contemporary SATA interface even with the introduction of the Blade 1500 in 2003 while the higher end Blade 2500 released at the same time used Ultra320 Parallel SCSI-3. Sun moved to SATA and SAS interfaces with their last UltraSPARC-III based workstations in 2006 with the entry level Ultra 25 and mid-range Ultra 45. Commodore included SCSI on

2624-636: The limitation of arpeggios to designated keyboard zones. The DSPB-Z1 expansion board, an optional add-on, increases the Z1's voice count from 12 to 18, while the DI-TRI digital interface board equips the Z1 with a 48kHz wordclock input and an ADAT -compatible digital output. SCSI Small Computer System Interface ( SCSI , / ˈ s k ʌ z i / SKUZ -ee ) is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices , best known for its use with storage devices such as hard disk drives . SCSI

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2688-638: The most commonly used being: Each device on the SCSI bus is assigned a unique SCSI identification number or ID. Devices may encompass multiple logical units, which are addressed by logical unit number (LUN). Simple devices have just one LUN, more complex devices may have multiple LUNs. A "direct access" (i.e. disk type) storage device consists of a number of logical blocks, addressed by Logical Block Address ( LBA ). A typical LBA equates to 512 bytes of storage. The usage of LBAs has evolved over time and so four different command variants are provided for reading and writing data. The Read(6) and Write(6) commands contain

2752-512: The name of BYSE. In the summer of 1981, NCR abandoned their in-house efforts in favor of pursuing SASI and improving on its design for their own computer systems. Fearing that their extension of the SASI standard would induce market confusion, however, NCR briefly cancelled their contract with Shugart. NCR's proposed improvements to the design of SCSI piqued the interest of Optimem, a subsidiary of Shugart, who requested that NCR and Shugart collaborate on

2816-579: The new acronym as "scuzzy" and that stuck. The NCR facility in Wichita, Kansas developed the industry's first SCSI controller chip, the NCR 5385, released in 1983. According to its developers, the chip worked the first time it was tested. A number of companies, such as Adaptec and Optimem, were early supporters of SCSI. By late 1990 at least 45 manufactures offered 251 models of parallel SCSI host adapters Today, such host adapters have largely been displaced by

2880-414: The operator choose the SCSI ID of the host adapter. Alternatively, the host adapter may come with software that must be installed on the host computer to configure the SCSI ID. The traditional SCSI ID for a host adapter is 7, as that ID has the highest priority during bus arbitration (even on a 16 bit bus). The SCSI ID of a device in a drive enclosure that has a back plane is set either by jumpers or by

2944-470: The parallel cable, and an asynchronous mode. The asynchronous mode is a classic request/acknowledge protocol, which allows systems with a slow bus or simple systems to also use SCSI devices. Faster synchronous modes are used more frequently. Internal parallel SCSI cables are usually ribbons , with two or more 50–, 68–, or 80–pin connectors attached. External cables are typically shielded (but may not be), with 50– or 68–pin connectors at each end, depending upon

3008-551: The relatively very small (but physically scaled-up in dimensions) 20-character x 2-line non-graphic display and few control buttons (although Korg included a TR-Rack specific version of Emagic SoundDiver sound-patch editor/librarian Win/Mac PC software). Further, TR-Rack did not offer any of the Trinity's expansion options, except for the DI-TRI. Finally, the lack of floppy disk drive local storage meant that an external PC or SysEX (system exclusive data) storage device via MIDI transmission

3072-589: The shift to serial interfaces is the clock skew issue of high-speed parallel interfaces, which makes the faster variants of parallel SCSI susceptible to problems caused by cabling and termination. The non-physical iSCSI preserves the basic SCSI paradigm , especially the command set, almost unchanged, through embedding of SCSI-3 over TCP/IP . Therefore, iSCSI uses logical connections instead of physical links and can run on top of any network supporting IP. The actual physical links are realized on lower network layers , independently from iSCSI. Predominantly, Ethernet

3136-409: The slot in the enclosure the device is installed into, depending on the model of the enclosure. In the latter case, each slot on the enclosure's back plane delivers control signals to the drive to select a unique SCSI ID. A SCSI enclosure without a back plane often has a switch for each drive to choose the drive's SCSI ID. The enclosure is packaged with connectors that must be plugged into the drive where

3200-806: The specific SCSI bus width supported. The 80–pin Single Connector Attachment (SCA) is typically used for hot-pluggable devices Fibre Channel can be used to transport SCSI information units, as defined by the Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI (FCP). These connections are hot-pluggable and are usually implemented with optical fiber. Serial attached SCSI (SAS) uses a modified Serial ATA data and power cable. iSCSI (Internet Small Computer System Interface) usually uses Ethernet connectors and cables as its physical transport, but can run over any physical transport capable of transporting IP . The SCSI RDMA Protocol (SRP)

3264-406: The standard is highly pragmatic and addressed toward commercial requirements. The initial Parallel SCSI was most commonly used for hard disk drives and tape drives , but it can connect a wide range of other devices, including scanners and CD drives , although not all controllers can handle all devices. The ancestral SCSI standard, X3.131-1986, generally referred to as SCSI-1, was published by

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3328-518: The target returns a Check Condition in response to a command, the initiator usually then issues a SCSI Request Sense command in order to obtain a key code qualifier ( KCQ ) from the target. The Check Condition and Request Sense sequence involves a special SCSI protocol called a Contingent Allegiance Condition. There are four categories of SCSI commands: N (non-data), W (writing data from initiator to target), R (reading data), and B (bidirectional). There are about 60 different SCSI commands in total, with

3392-456: The traditional parallel SCSI bus and perform data transfer via serial communications using point-to-point links. Although much of the SCSI documentation talks about the parallel interface, all modern development efforts use serial interfaces. Serial interfaces have a number of advantages over parallel SCSI, including higher data rates, simplified cabling, longer reach, improved fault isolation and full-duplex capability. The primary reason for

3456-905: The unlimited scope of the (IP) network, the process is quite complicated. These discovery processes occur at power-on/initialization time and also if the bus topology changes later, for example if an extra device is added. SCSI has the CTL (Channel, Target or Physical Unit Number, Logical Unit Number) identification mechanism per host bus adapter , or the HCTL (HBA, Channel, PUN, LUN) identification mechanism, one host adapter may have more than one channels. While all SCSI controllers can work with read/write storage devices, i.e. disk and tape, some will not work with some other device types; older controllers are likely to be more limited, sometimes by their driver software, and more Device Types were added as SCSI evolved. Even CD-ROMs are not handled by all controllers. Device Type

3520-1158: The user in series-chains of "Size 1" (single-block, mono-in/mono-out, 29 algorithms), and/or "Size 2" (double-block, usually stereo-in/stereo-out, 52 algorithms, including reverbs), and/or "Size 4" (quadruple-block, complex, 19 algorithms) effects, with a Program limit of total Size four or fewer blocks and three or fewer algorithms in series, or a Drum Kit limit of total Size four or fewer blocks and four or fewer algorithms in series or parallel, or multitimbral Combination or Sequencer Modes in Timbre Groups each utilizing all eight or fewer Size blocks divided into one or more series-chains with three or fewer algorithms per series for Programs and/or series-chains or parallel with four or fewer algorithms for Drum Kits (some further Size 4 algorithm placement restrictions apply). The "Master-Modulation" (six algorithms) and "Master-Reverb/Delay" (eight algorithms) mono-in/stereo-out processors (chainable in series) were routed as send/return, so in multitimbral Combination and Sequencer Modes, each Timbre or Timbre Group has independent Master send levels. Finally there

3584-413: The voices to be distributed across six MIDI channels for multitimbral arrangements. The Z1 oscillators utilise the MOSS system, which offers 13 different synthesis algorithms employing various synthesis techniques such as physical modelling synthesis , analog modelling synthesis , and Korg's variable phase modulation (VPM) synthesis. Some of the various synthesis algorithms can be combined to create

3648-470: Was also available separately for the base Trinity. A Trinity version 1 or 2 operating system is required to utilize an installed SOLO-TRI board and enable access to Program "Bank S" containing Solo DSP Synthesizer soundpatches. Later (replacing the SOLO-TRI on the market), the MOSS-TRI "MOSS DSP Synthesizer" (6-polyphony) option compatible with Korg Z1 soundpatches (included factory installed in "V3" models)

3712-810: Was also standard in the higher-end models: the Trinity Pro with synth-weighted 76-note keyboard with channel aftertouch, and the Trinity ProX , offering an 88-note piano-weighted hammer-action keyboard eith channel aftertouch and (at least initially) the HDR-TRI 4-track digital recorder plus SCSI and digital audio interface expansion. All Trinity models were capable of being enhanced with the same multiple expansion options. The PBS-TRI expansion board ($ 949/£625 MSRP) featured 8MB of PCM flash-ROM for loading Akai , Korg, and AIFF format samples and also included two separate S-RAM chips to be installed in sockets on

3776-836: Was available separately. A Trinity version 3 operating system is required to utilize an installed MOSS-TRI board and enable access to Program "Bank M" containing MOSS DSP Synthesizer soundpatches. (Trinity featured one internal DSP synthesizer expansion socket, so only one SOLO-TRI or else one MOSS-TRI expansion board may be installed at a time.) All Trinity expansion options were designed for installation only by authorized service centers or dealers (installation labor costs not included in MSRP), not by end-users, and required accessing Trinity's main internals, exposing its power supply circuitry. Therefore, expansion option installation instructions were available only to service centers and dealers, and are not included in expansion option user manuals. In practice,

3840-556: Was discontinued. Initially, the SCSI Parallel Interface (SPI) was the only interface using the SCSI protocol. Its standardization started as a single-ended 8-bit bus in 1986, transferring up to 5 MB/s, and evolved into a low-voltage differential 16-bit bus capable of up to 320 MB/s. The last SPI-5 standard from 2003 also defined a 640 MB/s speed which failed to be realized. Parallel SCSI specifications include several synchronous transfer modes for

3904-639: Was fully patch-compatible with Trinity ACCESS-synthesis (but not Solo or MOSS DSP-synthesis). The "Expanded" designation effectively added a fixed PCM-ROM version of the PBS-TRI, both expanding the original 24MB PCM-ROM to 32MB (an additional 39 multisamples and 200 drum samples) and doubling the ACCESS-synthesis patch memory of Programs, Combinations, and Drum Kits. However, the 1U size of the TR-Rack meant severely cut-down and/or cumbersome front-panel synthesizer, effects, and Combination editability due to

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3968-465: Was introduced in the 1980s and has seen widespread use on servers and high-end workstations, with new SCSI standards being published as recently as SAS-4 in 2017. The SCSI standards define commands , protocols, electrical, optical and logical interfaces . The SCSI standard defines command sets for specific peripheral device types; the presence of "unknown" as one of these types means that in theory it can be used as an interface to almost any device, but

4032-408: Was necessary to achieve any sound-patch data updates or backup. Korg Z1 The Korg Z1 is a digital synthesizer released by Korg in 1997. The Z1 built upon the foundation set by the monophonic Prophecy released two years prior by offering 12-note polyphony and featuring expanded oscillator options, a polyphonic arpeggiator and an XY touchpad for enhanced performance interaction. It

4096-471: Was the world's first multitimbral physical modelling synthesizer. In the mid-1990s, two new synthesis technologies emerged: physical modelling and analog modelling . Physical modelling recreated the sounds of acoustic instruments by simulating their physical properties, as demonstrated by the Yamaha VL1 in 1994. Analog modelling mimicked the characteristics of analog circuits, first introduced in

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