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29-443: With more than 180,000 students enrolled, including 700 postgraduate students, KNOU is the first distance and lifelong educational institution of South Korea, and the largest educational institution in the country by enrollment . Since its foundation, more than 500,000 students have been enrolled, and 350,000 students graduated from the university. KNOU was founded in 1972 as a branch of Seoul National University. It began by offering

58-515: A license. Lifelong learning institutes are educational organisations specifically for lifelong learning purposes. Informal lifelong learning communities also exist around the world. In some contexts, the term "lifelong learning" evolved from the term "life-long learners", created by Leslie Watkins and used by Clint Taylor, professor at CSULA and Superintendent for the Temple City Unified School District, in

87-537: A new responsibility to the adult reader. The Adult Education Act of 1966 linked literacy education and adult basic education programs. This occurred at the same time that the Library Services and Construction Act was being passed. Twenty-five years after the U.S. Adult Education Act was passed, the U.S. Office of Education published Partners for Lifelong Learning, Public Libraries and Adult Education . The Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS)

116-417: A personal, civic, social and/or employment-related perspective". It is often considered learning that occurs after the formal education years of childhood and into adulthood. It is sought out naturally through life experiences as the learner seeks to gain knowledge for professional or personal reasons. These natural experiences can come about on purpose or accidentally. Lifelong learning has been described as

145-486: A process that includes people learning in different contexts. These environments do not only include schools but also homes, workplaces, and locations where people pursue leisure activities. However, while the learning process can be applied to learners of all ages, there is a focus on adults who are returning to organized learning. There are programs based on its framework that address the different needs of learners, such as United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 4 and

174-584: A shift to a state-funded program for library services and construction seemed somewhat unfeasible. Additionally, a re-examination of which library services should be preserved and which should be abandoned has been suggested. Perhaps as a result of this opposition, in 1995 the LSCA was replaced by the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA), dropping construction from the federal funding available. Its change of title in 1995 notwithstanding, numerous library programs and services have been initiated by funds through

203-703: A struggle for funding, especially in rural areas. After the Great Depression in 1929 and the creation of the Works Progress Administration in 1935, part of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, the American Library Association (ALA) realized federal funding was the best solution. Carleton Joeckel headed the committee on Post-War Standards for Public Libraries in 1943. In 1948 Joeckel and Amy Winslow wrote A National Plan for Public Library Service published by

232-701: A two-year junior college program to 12,000 students and now has over 200,000 full-time, degree-seeking students for four-year university programs and some part-time students for non-degree, lifelong education programs. It also offers online graduate programs for several major areas. The university includes four colleges: It also includes seventeen graduate schools: The university has campuses in every major city of South Korea . Cities which have KNOU campuses include: Seoul , Daejeon - Chungnam , Busan , Daegu - Gyeongbuk , Incheon , Gwangju - Jeonnam , Gyeonggi , Gangwon , Jeonbuk , Chungbuk , Gyeongnam , Ulsan , Jeju . Lifelong learning Lifelong learning

261-687: Is founded on a different conceptualization of knowledge and its acquisition. It is explained not only as the possession of discrete pieces of information or factual knowledge but also as a generalized scheme of making sense of new events, including the use of tactics in order to effectively deal with them. Reflective learning and critical thinking can help a learner to become more self-reliant through learning how to learn, thus making them better able to direct, manage, and control their own learning process. Sipe studied experimentally "open" teachers and found that they valued self-directed learning, collaboration, reflection, and challenge; risk taking in their learning

290-481: Is the "ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated " pursuit of learning for either personal or professional reasons. Lifelong learning is important for an individual's competitiveness and employability, but also enhances social inclusion , active citizenship , and personal development. Professions typically recognize the importance of developing practitioners becoming lifelong learners. Many licensed professions mandate that their members continue learning to maintain

319-551: The U.S. Congress , provides federal assistance to libraries in the United States for the purpose of improving or implementing library services or undertaking construction projects. The 88th U.S. Congress passed the S. 2265 bill which the 36th President of the United States Lyndon B. Johnson enacted into law on February 11, 1964. Since public libraries depended on local taxes, sometimes there would be

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348-960: The UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning , which caters to the needs of the disadvantaged and marginalized learners. Lifelong learning is distinguished from the concept of continuing education in the sense that it has a broader scope. Unlike the latter, which is oriented towards adult education developed for the needs of schools and industries, this type of learning is concerned with the development of human potential in individuals generally. Lifelong learning focuses on holistic education and it has two dimensions, namely, lifelong and broad options for learning. These indicate learning that integrates traditional education proposals and modern learning opportunities. It also entails an emphasis on encouraging people to learn how to learn and to select content, process, and methodologies that pursue autodidacticism . Some authors highlight that lifelong learning

377-666: The 'Academy of Lifelong Learning' is an administrative unit at the University of Delaware . Another example is the Jagiellonian University Extension (Wszechnica Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego), which is one of the most comprehensive Polish centers for lifelong learning (open learning, organizational learning, community learning). In recent years, 'lifelong learning' has been adopted in the UK as an umbrella term for post-compulsory education that falls outside of

406-761: The American Library Association. In 1956, the ALA was finally able to persuade Congress to pass the Library Services Act , which provided funds for public library initiatives but did not extend to buildings or land. Influenced by the civil rights movement of the 1960s, a primary aim of the Library Services and Construction Act was to provide funding for underserved and/or disadvantaged communities in need of library service. Some of these groups include but are not limited to

435-424: The Library Services and Construction Act, and continue to depend on those funds for their existence. An example of one program funded through the LSCA is Project PLUS (Promoting Larger Units of Service). This program uses federal funding so that library systems can demonstrate the services of a library to a group of unserved residents, so that they may experience what services and resources would be available to them if

464-643: The UK higher education system— further education , community education , work-based learning and similar voluntary, public sector and commercial settings. In Canada, the federal government's Lifelong Learning Plan allows Canadian residents to withdraw funds from their Registered Retirement Savings Plan to help pay for lifelong learning, but the funds can only be used for formal learning programs at designated educational institutions. Priorities for lifelong and lifewide learning have different priorities in different countries, some placing more emphasis on economic development and some on social development. For example,

493-727: The United States, librarians have understood lifelong learning as an essential service of libraries since the early part of the 20th century. In 1924, William S. Learned, wrote of the potential of the American public library as an agency for adult education in The American Public Library and the Diffusion of Knowledge . Two decades later, in 1942, the American Library Association Adult Education Board established

522-528: The United States, many chose the name "lifelong learning institute" to be inclusive of nonretired persons in the same age range. Traditional colleges and universities are beginning to recognize the value of lifelong learning outside of the credit and degree attainment model. Lifelong learners, including persons with academic or professional credentials, tend to find higher-paying occupations, leaving monetary, cultural, and entrepreneurial impressions on communities, according to educator Cassandra B. Whyte. In

551-449: The acquisition of foreign-language materials. While changes to the Library Services and Construction Act have sought to keep this piece of legislation current, through the years many have voiced opposition to certain aspects of this act. Federally funded, many programs for the purpose of educational and social development have more traditionally been a fiscal responsibility of each individual state . Though with shrinking state budgets,

580-408: The acquisition of knowledge to the detriment of other types of learning essential to sustaining human development, stressing the need to think of learning over the lifespan, and to address how everyone can develop relevant skills, knowledge and attitudes for work, citizenship and personal fulfillment. The four pillars of learning are: The four pillars of learning were envisaged against the backdrop of

609-664: The brain may preserve it, forestalling mental decline." Some research has shown that people with higher cognitive reserves , attained through lifelong learning, were better able to avoid the cognitive decline that often accompanies age-related neurodegenerative diseases . Even when subjects had dementia, some studies show that they were able to persist in a normal mental state for a longer period than subjects who were not involved in some type of lifelong learning. Studies so far have lacked large, randomized controlled trials . In "Education and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Recent International Epidemiological Studies" published in 1997 in

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638-460: The district's mission statement in 1993, the term recognizes that learning is not confined to childhood or the classroom but takes place throughout life and in a range of situations. In other contexts, the term "lifelong learning" evolved organically. The first lifelong learning institute began at The New School for Social Research (now The New School ) in 1962 as an experiment in "learning in retirement". Later, after similar groups formed across

667-491: The expertise of their own members in the pursuit of knowledge and shared experience. In Sweden, the concept of study circles , an idea launched almost a century ago, still represents a large portion of the adult education provision. The concept has since spread, and for instance, is a common practice in Finland as well. Formal administrative units devoted to lifelong learning exist in a number of universities . For example,

696-484: The institutionalized, the physically handicapped, low-income families, senior citizens, and ethnic minorities. In its thirty-year history, the Library Services and Construction Act has undergone numerous reauthorizations. Each amendment has been dictated by changing needs in the library community, and these needs have been identified and voiced by state librarians and public library directors alike. Some of these amendments include appropriations for literacy programs and

725-481: The journal Aging and Mental Health , C.J. Gilleard, finds fault with other studies linking education to cognitive decline. Among other factors, he suggests that variations in lifestyles could be responsible for an increase in vascular dementia , as blue-collar type workers may be less inclined to work in industries that provide mentally challenging situations. Library Services and Construction Act The Library Services and Construction Act , enacted in 1964 by

754-527: The notion of 'lifelong learning', itself an adaptation of the concept of 'lifelong education' as initially conceptualized in the 1972 Faure publication Learning to Be . The emergence of internet technologies has great potential to support lifelong learning endeavors, allowing for informal day-to-day learning. In India and elsewhere, the " University of the Third Age " (U3A) is an almost spontaneous movement comprising autonomous learning groups accessing

783-465: The policies of China , Republic of Korea , Singapore and Malaysia promote lifelong learning in a human resource development perspective. The governments of these countries have done much to foster training and development whilst encouraging entrepreneurship. In a 2012 New York Times article, Arthur Toga, a professor of neurology and director of the laboratory of neuroimaging at the University of California, Los Angeles , stated that "Exercising

812-455: Was established in 1996 and incorporated responsibilities from the U.S. Office of Education's library programs, including those focused on lifelong learning. "Championing Lifelong Learning" through libraries and museums is the first goal listed in the organization's strategic plan for 2022-2026. Lifelong learning has been defined as "all learning activity undertaken throughout life, with the aim of improving knowledge, skills and competences within

841-434: Was seen as an opportunity, not a threat. Dunlap and Grabinger say that for higher education students to be lifelong learners, they must develop a capacity for self-direction, metacognition awareness, and a disposition toward learning. The Delors Report proposed an integrated vision of education based on two key paradigms: lifelong learning and the four pillars of learning. It argued that formal education tends to emphasize

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