59-753: Korean Central Television ( KCTV ; Korean : 조선중앙텔레비죤 ; MR : Chosŏn Chungang T'ellebijyon ) is a North Korean television service operated by the Korean Central Broadcasting Committee , a state-owned broadcaster in North Korea . It is broadcast terrestrially via the Pyongyang TV Tower in Moranbong-guyok , Pyongyang , streamed via the government-run internet television service Manbang , and also uplinked via satellite. KCTV
118-612: A system of speech levels and honorifics indicative of the formality of any given situation. Modern Korean is written in the Korean script ( 한글 ; Hangeul in South Korea, 조선글 ; Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea), a system developed during the 15th century for that purpose, although it did not become the primary script until the 20th century. The script uses 24 basic letters ( jamo ) and 27 complex letters formed from
177-484: A Korean influence on Khitan. The hypothesis that Korean could be related to Japanese has had some supporters due to some overlap in vocabulary and similar grammatical features that have been elaborated upon by such researchers as Samuel E. Martin and Roy Andrew Miller . Sergei Starostin (1991) found about 25% of potential cognates in the Japanese–Korean 100-word Swadesh list . Some linguists concerned with
236-718: A condensed format. For instance, while the country has sub-licensed rights to the Olympic Games from the Seoul Broadcasting System (who serves as rights-holder for all of the Korean Peninsula ), KCTV coverage of the 2020 Summer Olympics (which North Korea refused to send athletes to) began two days after the Games had ended, and it did not broadcast any coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics in South Korea (despite North and South Korea entering as
295-480: A core vowel. The IPA symbol ⟨ ◌͈ ⟩ ( U+0348 ◌͈ COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE BELOW ) is used to denote the tensed consonants /p͈/, /t͈/, /k͈/, /t͡ɕ͈/, /s͈/ . Its official use in the extensions to the IPA is for "strong" articulation, but is used in the literature for faucalized voice . The Korean consonants also have elements of stiff voice , but it is not yet known how typical this
354-463: A few extinct relatives which—along with the Jeju language (Jejuan) of Jeju Island and Korean itself—form the compact Koreanic language family . Even so, Jejuan and Korean are not mutually intelligible . The linguistic homeland of Korean is suggested to be somewhere in contemporary Manchuria . The hierarchy of the society from which the language originates deeply influences the language, leading to
413-526: A full-time anchor in 2012, stating that she wanted to focus more on training a newer generation of broadcasters. She has continued to make infrequent on-air appearances to deliver top-level announcements from the government, such as missile tests , a broadcast discussing the Singapore Summit , and to announce the death of Supreme Leader Kim Jong-il . By September 2012, after receiving new equipment from Chinese state broadcaster CCTV, KCTV introduced
472-556: A game involving the South Korean team was broadcast in North Korea during the tournament. Pitch-side advertising of South Korean corporations Kia and Hyundai was initially blurred out within the first few days before being left unedited. During a broadcast of a women's football match between North and South Korea at the 2022 Asian Games , a scoreboard graphic referred to South Korea as "puppets" ( Korean : 괴뢰 ). One of
531-627: A looser and more energetic presentation. Kim Jong Un's New Year's address similarly saw the leader delivering the speech from an armchair in the Workers' Party headquarters, rather than from a podium in an assembly hall. Western analysts felt that these shifts in tone were intended to make the programmes' production values more in line with international broadcasters (appealing to those that have managed to access such programmes), and to make them more appealing to younger audiences. KCTV has broadcast tape delayed airings of international sporting events in
590-508: A possible relationship.) Hudson & Robbeets (2020) suggested that there are traces of a pre- Nivkh substratum in Korean. According to the hypothesis, ancestral varieties of Nivkh (also known as Amuric ) were once distributed on the Korean Peninsula before the arrival of Koreanic speakers. Korean syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), consisting of an optional onset consonant, glide /j, w, ɰ/ and final coda /p, t, k, m, n, ŋ, l/ surrounding
649-797: A refreshed set for its bulletins, which featured a new anchor desk and a video backdrop. By December 2018, the bulletins had begun to employ contemporary presentation elements that had previously been avoided by KCTV, such as double boxes , as part of a larger shift in KCTV's programming. Experiments with further modernization occurred in March and May 2019, when economic reports used three-dimensional infographics (including 3D text overlaid into video footage), drone footage, and time-lapse video. KCTV may return to air or remain on-air past its usual sign-off time during special occasions and breaking news situations. On 26 August 2020, KCTV broadcast advisories throughout
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#1732801996864708-408: A unified team during the opening ceremonies , and fielding a unified team in women's ice hockey ). Its coverage of the 2018 FIFA World Cup excluded matches involving Japan. Coverage of the 2022 FIFA World Cup included all matches, barring a United States —Wales group stage match and the first three matches involving South Korea. The latter's Round of 16 match and loss to Brazil was the first time
767-656: Is an agglutinative language . The Korean language is traditionally considered to have nine parts of speech . Modifiers generally precede the modified words, and in the case of verb modifiers, can be serially appended. The sentence structure or basic form of a Korean sentence is subject–object–verb (SOV), but the verb is the only required and immovable element and word order is highly flexible, as in many other agglutinative languages. Question 가게에 gage-e store- LOC 가셨어요? ga-syeo-sseo-yo go- HON . PAST - CONJ - POL 가게에 가셨어요? gage-e ga-syeo-sseo-yo store-LOC go-HON.PAST-CONJ-POL 'Did [you] go to
826-511: Is closer to a near-open central vowel ( [ɐ] ), though ⟨a⟩ is still used for tradition. Grammatical morphemes may change shape depending on the preceding sounds. Examples include -eun/-neun ( -은/-는 ) and -i/-ga ( -이/-가 ). Sometimes sounds may be inserted instead. Examples include -eul/-reul ( -을/-를 ), -euro/-ro ( -으로/-로 ), -eseo/-seo ( -에서/-서 ), -ideunji/-deunji ( -이든지/-든지 ) and -iya/-ya ( -이야/-야 ). Some verbs may also change shape morphophonemically. Korean
885-399: Is mainly reserved for specific circumstances such as newspapers, scholarly papers and disambiguation. Today Hanja is largely unused in everyday life but is still important for historical and linguistic studies. The Korean names for the language are based on the names for Korea used in both South Korea and North Korea. The English word "Korean" is derived from Goryeo , which is thought to be
944-399: Is of faucalized consonants. They are produced with a partially constricted glottis and additional subglottal pressure in addition to tense vocal tract walls, laryngeal lowering, or other expansion of the larynx. /s/ is aspirated [sʰ] and becomes an alveolo-palatal [ɕʰ] before [j] or [i] for most speakers (but see North–South differences in the Korean language ). This occurs with
1003-581: Is the national language of both North Korea and South Korea . Beyond Korea, the language is recognized as a minority language in parts of China , namely Jilin , and specifically Yanbian Prefecture , and Changbai County . It is also spoken by Sakhalin Koreans in parts of Sakhalin , the Russian island just north of Japan, and by the Koryo-saram in parts of Central Asia . The language has
1062-747: Is well attested in Western Old Japanese and Northern Ryukyuan languages , in Eastern Old Japanese it only occurs in compounds, and it is only present in three dialects of the Southern Ryukyuan language group . Also, the doublet wo meaning "hemp" is attested in Western Old Japanese and Southern Ryukyuan languages. It is thus plausible to assume a borrowed term. (See Classification of the Japonic languages or Comparison of Japanese and Korean for further details on
1121-524: The Korean dialects , which are still largely mutually intelligible . The Chinese language , written with Chinese characters and read with Sino-Xenic pronunciations , was first introduced to Korea in the 1st century BC, and remained the medium of formal writing and government until the late 19th century. Korean scholars adapted Chinese characters (known in Korean as Hanja ) to write their own language, creating scripts known as idu , hyangchal , gugyeol , and gakpil. These systems were cumbersome, due to
1180-694: The SECAM system with 576i scanning lines, in line with most of the Eastern Bloc at that time. This was replaced with PAL sometime around the early-1990s or probably 1994. On the 54th anniversary of Workers' Party of Korea in 1999, KCTV began a satellite television uplink via Thaicom 3 . The station is available in Pyongyang, and in other major cities, including Chŏngjin , Hamhŭng , Haeju , Kaesŏng , Sinŭiju and Wŏnsan . In 2012, KCTV began experimental digital terrestrial television broadcasts, using
1239-568: The Three Kingdoms of Korea (not the ancient confederacies in the southern Korean Peninsula), while " -eo " and " -mal " mean "language" and "speech", respectively. Korean is also simply referred to as guk-eo , literally "national language". This name is based on the same Han characters ( 國語 "nation" + "language") that are also used in Taiwan and Japan to refer to their respective national languages. In North Korea and China ,
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#17328019968641298-755: The satellite bus which was based on the Ekspress-1000N . The satellite has a mass of 2,050 kg (4,520 lb), provides 6.3 kilowatts to its payload, and a planned operational lifespan of 15 years. The satellite carried 37 transponders : 16 operating in the C-band of the electromagnetic spectrum, 20 in the Ku-band and 1 in the L-band . The satellite is designed to provide TV and radio broadcasting services, data transmission , multimedia services, telephony , and mobile communications . Ekspress-103
1357-968: The 16th century for all Korean classes, including uneducated peasants and slaves. By the 17th century, the yangban had exchanged Hangul letters with slaves, which suggests a high literacy rate of Hangul during the Joseon era. In the context of growing Korean nationalism in the 19th century, the Gabo Reform of 1894 abolished the Confucian examinations and decreed that government documents would be issued in Hangul instead of literary Chinese. Some newspapers were published entirely in Hangul, but other publications used Korean mixed script , with Hanja for Sino-Korean vocabulary and Hangul for other elements. North Korea abolished Hanja in writing in 1949, but continues to teach them in schools. Their usage in South Korea
1416-854: The European DVB-T2 standard (in contrast to South Korea, which uses the American ATSC standard; to Japan, which uses its indigenously developed ISDB-T standard; and to China, which uses its indigenously developed DTMB standard). KCTV was broadcast free-to-air on Thaicom 5 until 25 February 2020, so with the appropriate equipment can be picked up in Southeast Asia , Australasia , Middle East , Africa and Europe. In April 2015, KCTV expanded its satellite broadcast coverage in America and Europe via Intelsat 21 . On 18 January 2020, KCTV moved its satellite broadcast on ChinaSat 12 as
1475-578: The KCTV stream on Twitch was terminated for violating their Terms of Service. This was the only free stream publicly available in HD, the latter KCNA Watch available only in SD. They created a new Twitch account called chuo_tv, which later became offline in early-July due to a change in signal from ChinaSat 12 to Russian-based Ekspress-103 . As of May 2022, KCTV broadcasts for around 13 hours daily, from 09:00 to around 22:40. Its sign-on sequence traditionally features
1534-780: The Thaicom 5 began experiencing technical difficulties around December 2019. On 29 June 2024, after Russian President Vladimir Putin's visit to North Korea, the satellite signal was moved to a Russian satellite, Ekspress-103 , making government agencies and media in South Korea out of reception. As of 2 July 2024, the transmission quality from Ekspress-103 is poor, experiencing audio loss and bad images due to 5G frequency interference . Since March 2019, KCTV's satellite signal has been relayed with BISS encryption by Koreasat 5A —a South Korean satellite owned by KT Corporation —to allow media outlets and journalists based in Seoul to continue monitoring
1593-469: The basic ones. When first recorded in historical texts, Korean was only a spoken language . Since the turn of the 21st century, aspects of Korean culture have spread to other countries through globalization and cultural exports . As such, interest in Korean language acquisition (as a foreign language ) is also generated by longstanding alliances, military involvement, and diplomacy, such as between South Korea–United States and China–North Korea since
1652-455: The beginnings of words. /l/ becomes alveolar flap [ɾ] between vowels, and [l] or [ɭ] at the end of a syllable or next to another /l/ . A written syllable-final ' ㄹ ', when followed by a vowel or a glide ( i.e. , when the next character starts with ' ㅇ '), migrates to the next syllable and thus becomes [ɾ] . Traditionally, /l/ was disallowed at the beginning of a word. It disappeared before [j] , and otherwise became /n/ . However,
1711-499: The broadcaster is not on air, except in the roughly half-hour period before sign-on, when a modified test card is displayed with patriotic songs or classical musical works of the DPRK as background music. The test cards used were as follows: Korean language Korean ( South Korean : 한국어 , Hanguk-eo ; North Korean : 조선어 , Chosŏnŏ ) is the native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It
1770-432: The channel. The relay was established after 5G NR wireless service began to interfere with the C-band signal. The daily KCTV news bulletin is also distributed online with Japanese subtitles through a Chongryon -supported website. In 2013, British broadcaster Channel 4 offered editions of the daily bulletin with English subtitles as part of its web series North Korea Uncovered . The EBU colour bars are shown when
1829-407: The country claims to be the birthplace of Kim Jong Il , ahead of all other cities besides the capital of Pyongyang. North Korean newscasts are long known for being melodramatic ; newsreaders use one of five tones: a lofty, wavering one for praising the nation's leaders, an explanatory one for weather forecasts, a conversational one for uncontroversial stories, a hateful one for denouncing enemies of
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1888-530: The day on Typhoon Bavi , including updates from the State Hydro-Meteorological Administration . For what was believed to be the first time ever, KCTV remained on the air overnight, airing a block of films interspersed with the aforementioned updates. The following morning, KCTV broadcast extended coverage of the storm's arrival and impact, including live reports from Pyongyang and Nampo . No other coverage of Typhoon Bavi
1947-733: The end of World War II and the Korean War . Along with other languages such as Chinese and Arabic , Korean is ranked at the top difficulty level for English speakers by the United States Department of Defense . Modern Korean descends from Middle Korean , which in turn descends from Old Korean , which descends from the Proto-Koreanic language , which is generally suggested to have its linguistic homeland somewhere in Manchuria . Whitman (2012) suggests that
2006-535: The few instances in which KCTV broadcasts live is during the annual New Year's Eve concert in Kim Il Sung Square , which was first televised in 2018. The concert is aired in two parts including a roughly 50-minute show from 11 p.m., with the second half comprising the raising of the North Korean flag, the playing of the national anthem, and a fireworks display at midnight. In 2022, a rerun of
2065-399: The first Korean dynasty known to Western nations. Korean people in the former USSR refer to themselves as Koryo-saram or Koryo-in (literally, " Koryo/Goryeo persons"), and call the language Koryo-mal' . Some older English sources also use the spelling "Corea" to refer to the nation, and its inflected form for the language, culture and people, "Korea" becoming more popular in
2124-456: The fundamental disparities between the Korean and Chinese languages, and accessible only to those educated in classical Chinese. Most of the population was illiterate. In the 15th century King Sejong the Great personally developed an alphabetic featural writing system , known today as Hangul , to promote literacy among the common people. Introduced in the document Hunminjeongeum , it
2183-479: The inflow of western loanwords changed the trend, and now word-initial /l/ (mostly from English loanwords) are pronounced as a free variation of either [ɾ] or [l] . All obstruents (plosives, affricates, fricatives) at the end of a word are pronounced with no audible release , [p̚, t̚, k̚] . Plosive sounds /p, t, k/ become nasals [m, n, ŋ] before nasal sounds. Hangul spelling does not reflect these assimilatory pronunciation rules, but rather maintains
2242-408: The issue between Japanese and Korean, including Alexander Vovin, have argued that the indicated similarities are not due to any genetic relationship , but rather to a sprachbund effect and heavy borrowing, especially from Ancient Korean into Western Old Japanese . A good example might be Middle Korean sàm and Japanese asá , meaning " hemp ". This word seems to be a cognate, but although it
2301-578: The language is most often called Joseon-mal , or more formally, Joseon-o . This is taken from the North Korean name for Korea (Joseon), a name retained from the Joseon dynasty until the proclamation of the Korean Empire , which in turn was annexed by the Empire of Japan . In mainland China , following the establishment of diplomatic relations with South Korea in 1992, the term Cháoxiǎnyǔ or
2360-455: The late 1800s. In South Korea the Korean language is referred to by many names including hanguk-eo ("Korean language"), hanguk-mal ("Korean speech") and uri-mal ("our language"); " hanguk " is taken from the name of the Korean Empire ( 대한제국 ; 大韓帝國 ; Daehan Jeguk ). The " han " ( 韓 ) in Hanguk and Daehan Jeguk is derived from Samhan , in reference to
2419-410: The live in-vision continuity at sign-on and sign-off was presented in HD. All other programming was presented in windowboxed standard definition. Native broadcasts in 16:9 widescreen with stereophonic sound started on 4 December 2017, with KCTV being one of the last state-run broadcasters to do so, albeit several years after other developed and even developing nations have done so. In May 2024,
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2478-441: The networks. On national holidays, military parades, musical performances and movies, plus more special programs are shown on KCTV with similar programming on its three other sister channels. Occasionally, dubbed and ideologically safe foreign films and television from allied Russia and China are aired on the network during times of warmer relations with the countries. The Star and The Seventh Bullet were both featured, as
2537-578: The playing of the national anthem " Aegukka ", " Song of General Kim Il-sung " and " Song of General Kim Jong-il ". The station's output was dominated by propaganda programs focusing on the history and achievements of the ruling Korean Workers' Party , the Korean People's Army (KPA), its leaders, and the Juche ideology. Locally produced feature films, children's programs, theater, and patriotic musical shows and filmed theatre shows are also shown on
2596-638: The proto-Koreans, already present in northern Korea, expanded into the southern part of the Korean Peninsula at around 300 BC and coexisted with the descendants of the Japonic Mumun cultivators (or assimilated them). Both had influence on each other and a later founder effect diminished the internal variety of both language families. Since the establishment of two independent governments, North–South differences have developed in standard Korean, including variations in pronunciation and vocabulary chosen. However, these minor differences can be found in any of
2655-462: The regime and a mournful tone for announcing the death of a North Korean official or leader. Many North Korean journalists who have defected to the South have noted the contrasts with the more conversational South Korean broadcasting style. Long-time chief newsreader Ri Chun-hee is well known for her melodramatic style, and for typically wearing a traditional, pink Chosŏn-ot dress on-air. Ri retired as
2714-508: The same year its first test broadcasts. The CTBS-DPRK officially began operations on 3 March 1963, at 19:00 (7:00 pm) KST based in Pyongyang , broadcasting two hours between 19:00 until 21:00 KST on weekdays only, and then expanding to 4 and later 6 hours. The network carried live the whole proceedings of the 5th Workers' Party of Korea Congress held on 1 October 1970. The CTBS would later be renamed Korean Central Television (KCTV) and
2773-669: The short form Cháoyǔ has normally been used to refer to the standard language of North Korea and Yanbian , whereas Hánguóyǔ or the short form Hányǔ is used to refer to the standard language of South Korea. Korean is a member of the Koreanic family along with the Jeju language . Some linguists have included it in the Altaic family, but the core Altaic proposal itself has lost most of its prior support. The Khitan language has several vocabulary items similar to Korean that are not found in other Mongolian or Tungusic languages, suggesting
2832-581: The special on New Year's Day edited a segment showing an initial failed attempt at unfurling the flag. In May 2022, following the North's first reported cases of COVID-19 to the public , KCTV extended its broadcast day to begin at 9:00 a.m. daily. Previously, the channel began its broadcast day at 3:00 p.m., and only broadcast from 9:00 a.m. on Sundays, key national holidays, and every 1st, 11th and 21st of each month. This change has persisted as of July 2023. KCTV broadcasts daily news bulletins under
2891-568: The store?' Response 예/네. ye/ne AFF Ekspress-103 Ekspress-103 ( Russian : Экспресс-103 meaning Express-103 ) is a Russian communications satellite which was launched in 2020. Part of the Ekspress series of geostationary communications satellites, it is owned and operated by the RSCC Space Communications . Thales Alenia Space , constructed Ekspress-103 payload, and ISS Reshetnev constructed
2950-441: The tense fricative and all the affricates as well. At the end of a syllable, /s/ changes to /t/ (example: beoseot ( 버섯 ) 'mushroom'). /h/ may become a bilabial [ɸ] before [o] or [u] , a palatal [ç] before [j] or [i] , a velar [x] before [ɯ] , a voiced [ɦ] between voiced sounds, and a [h] elsewhere. /p, t, t͡ɕ, k/ become voiced [b, d, d͡ʑ, ɡ] between voiced sounds. /m, n/ frequently denasalize at
3009-415: The title Bodo ( 보도 , 'News' or 'Report'), which serve as one of the main propaganda organs of the Workers' Party of Korea. Their content strictly follows the party line , and the day-to-day activities of Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un take precedence over all other headlines. Stories covering the country's military and economy are also featured. Weather reports aired on KCTV place Paektu Mountain , which
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#17328019968643068-464: The underlying, partly historical morphology . Given this, it is sometimes hard to tell which actual phonemes are present in a certain word. The traditional prohibition of word-initial /ɾ/ became a morphological rule called "initial law" ( 두음법칙 ) in the pronunciation standards of South Korea, which pertains to Sino-Korean vocabulary. Such words retain their word-initial /ɾ/ in the pronunciation standards of North Korea. For example, ^NOTE ㅏ
3127-530: Was a Chinese television program on the life of Mao Anying from 2010. By December 2018, KCTV's programmes had begun to gain a more contemporary feel as opposed to the strictly authoritarian style used before, with more programming showcasing the North Korean people. Programmes were observed to have featured more field reporting with visible anchors and production staff, younger hosts and personalities with modern attire, increased use of modern production techniques (such as aerial cameras ), more modern graphics, and
3186-585: Was called eonmun ('colloquial script') and quickly spread nationwide to increase literacy in Korea. The Korean alphabet was denounced by the yangban aristocracy, who looked down upon it too easy to learn. However, it gained widespread use among the common class and was widely used to print popular novels which were enjoyed by the common class. Since few people could understand official documents written in classical Chinese, Korean kings sometimes released public notices entirely written in Hangul as early as
3245-488: Was established on 1 September 1953, as Pyongyang Television after the Korean War ended. Kim Il Sung personally envisioned that the time was ripe for television broadcasting in North Korea, but this was not yet to happen. Thus, the young service began an 8-year period of preparation for commencement of television broadcasts, with the help of the national government. The station later was renamed as Central Television Broadcasting System in 1961, and conducted on 1 September
3304-553: Was officially relaunched at 17:00 local time on 3 January 1973 (the first working day in 1973 in North Korea). The broadcasting hours were only on weekdays (workdays in North Korea) and closed on weekends and national holidays . On 1 July 1974, KCTV presented its first colour telecast, in preparation for the 7th Asian Games in Tehran . After occasional broadcasts, KCTV began full-time colour broadcasts on 1 September 1977. The first broadcast received via satellite television broadcasts
3363-491: Was seen during KCTV's main news bulletins until 28 August, when a story focused on Kim Jong Un's assessment of damage by the typhoon (as per the aforementioned precedence of his day-to-day activities). A few weeks later, KCTV aired similar coverage of Typhoon Maysak and Typhoon Haishen , building upon the format it had used for the Typhoon Bavi coverage. The station began its first colour broadcasts on 1 July 1974, using
3422-485: Was the opening ceremony of the 1980 Summer Olympics . KCTV started broadcasting on national holidays on 1 March 1981. On national holidays, the broadcasting time of each station is the same as weekends save for major ones. The channel was the official host broadcaster of the 1989 13th World Festival of Youth and Students . In September 2012, China Central Television (CCTV) announced that it had recently donated 5 million yuan in new broadcasting equipment to KCTV, which
3481-423: Was to be used to improve its programming and prepare for digital television . By 2015, KCTV had been producing a growing number of programmes in the 16:9 aspect ratio , but its broadcast transmissions were still limited to a 4:3 standard definition format (with such programmes therefore being letterboxed ). On 19 January 2015, KCTV began experimental high-definition transmissions via satellite, although only
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