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75-658: Korsun may refer to: Places Korsun, Slavic name for the ancient Greek colony of Chersonesos Taurica in Crimea a name of Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi , Ukraine before 1944 Korsun, Donetsk Oblast , an urban-type settlement in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi Raion , former raion (district) of Cherkasy Oblast in Ukraine Other Korsun (surname) Battle of Korsun , in 1648 during

150-610: A set-term lease agreement was signed in 1997. On 10 July 1993, the Russian parliament passed a resolution declaring Sevastopol to be "a federal Russian city". At the time, many supporters of President Boris Yeltsin had ceased taking part in the parliament's work. On 20 July 1993, the United Nations Security Council denounced the decision of the Russian parliament. According to Anatoliy Zlenko , it

225-534: A "people's mayor" and said it would not recognise orders from Kyiv . After Russia annexed Crimea, the Legislative Assembly of Sevastopol replaced the City Council. Within the Russian municipal framework , the territory of the federal city of Sevastopol is divided into nine municipal okrugs and the town of Inkerman . While individual municipal divisions are contained within the borders of

300-418: A Roman amphitheatre and a Greek temple. The fact that the site has not been inhabited since the 14th century makes it an important representation of Byzantine life. The surrounding land under the control of the city, the chora, consists of several square kilometres of ancient but now barren farmland, with remains of wine presses and defensive towers . According to archaeologists, the evidence suggests that

375-534: A Roman pre- Great Schism , later Greek/Orthodox, episcopal see for centuries, elevated early to the rank of archbishopric, since it is mentioned as such in the Notitiae Episcopatuum ; it disappeared after the Turkish conquest in 1475 and the destruction of the city. In the late 19th century, the grand Russian Orthodox St Vladimir's Cathedral (completed 1892) was built on a small hill overlooking

450-467: A chairman (also known as mayor) appointed by the Ukrainian president. The Sevastopol City Council is the legislature of Sevastopol. Sevastopol is administratively divided into four districts: On 18 March 2014, Russia claimed to have annexed Crimea with Sevastopol being administered as a federal city of Russia, the others being Moscow and St. Petersburg . The head of the executive branch in

525-399: A flexed burial position with their legs crouched and folded up to the chest, while a smaller number were buried in an extended position on their back with arms and legs straight. The researchers found that most individuals were genetically similar to each other, regardless of the burial position. This result challenges the widely held opinion that burial position in the northern Black Sea region

600-598: A garrison from the middle of the 1st century BC until the 370s AD, when it was captured by the Huns . It became a Byzantine possession during the Early Middle Ages and withstood a siege by the Göktürks in 581. Byzantine rule was slight: there was a small imperial garrison more for the town's protection than for its control and it exercised a measure of self-government. It was useful to Byzantium in two ways: it

675-547: A major port on the Black Sea . Due to its strategic location and the navigability of the city's harbours, Sevastopol has been an important port and naval base throughout its history. Since the city's founding in 1783 it has been a major base for Russia's Black Sea Fleet . During the Cold War of the 20th century, it was a closed city . The total administrative area is 864 square kilometres (334 sq mi) and includes

750-476: A popular seaside resort and tourist destination, mainly for visitors from the former Soviet republics . The city is also an important centre for marine biology research. In particular, the military has studied and trained dolphins in the city for military use since the 1960s. The name of Sevastopolis was originally chosen following the same etymological trend as other cities in the Crimean peninsula; it

825-507: A significant amount of rural land. The urban population, largely concentrated around Sevastopol Bay , is 479,394, and the total population is 547,820. Sevastopol, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine , and under the Ukrainian legal framework, it is administratively one of two cities with special status (the other being Kyiv ). However, it has been occupied by Russia since 27 February 2014, before Russia annexed Crimea on 18 March 2014 and gave it

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900-643: A stalemate as well. The front settled into the siege of Sevastopol , involving brutal conditions for troops on both sides. Sevastopol finally fell after eleven months, after the French had assaulted Fort Malakoff . Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion by the West if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. France and Britain welcomed the development, owing to the conflict's domestic unpopularity. The Treaty of Paris , signed on 30 March 1856, ended

975-431: A synagogue, itself replacing a small temple dating from the early days of Christianity. The 1935 basilica is often used as an image representing Chersonesos. Its picture appears on one Ukrainian banknote. As well as the archaeological sites, the museum has around 200,000 smaller items from 5 AD to the 15th century, over 5,000 of which are currently exhibited. These include: The Institute of Classical Archaeology of

1050-628: A title to his successors. The city was probably named after Empress (" Augusta ") Catherine II of the Russian Empire who founded Sevastopol in 1783. She visited the city in 1787, accompanied by Joseph II , the Emperor of Austria, and other foreign dignitaries. In the west of the city, there are well-preserved ruins of the ancient Greek port city of Chersonesos , founded in the 5th century BC by settlers from Heraclea Pontica . This name means "peninsula", reflecting its immediate location. It

1125-634: A year later. During the Soviet era, Sevastopol became a so-called " closed city ". This meant that any non-residents had to apply to the authorities for a temporary permit to visit the city. On 29 October 1948, the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Russian SFSR issued an ukaz (order) which confirmed the special status of the city. Soviet academic publications since 1954, including

1200-419: Is 15–16 °C (59–61 °F) during the day and around 9 °C (48 °F) at night. In the coldest months, January and February, the average temperature is 5–6 °C (41–43 °F) during the day and around 1 °C (34 °F) at night. In the warmest months, July and August, the average temperature is around 26 °C (79 °F) during the day and around 19 °C (66 °F) at night. Generally,

1275-627: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Chersonesos Taurica The ancient city was located on the shore of the Black Sea on the outskirts of present-day Sevastopol on the Crimean Peninsula , where it is referred to as Khersones . The site is part of the National Preserve of Tauric Chersonesos . The name Chersonesos in Greek means "peninsula" and aptly describes

1350-1102: Is not related to the ancient Greek name for the Crimean Peninsula as a whole: Chersonēsos Taurikē ("the Taurian Peninsula"). The name of the city is spelled as: Chersonesus founded in 6th century BC Hellenic Colonies 6th century BC – 480 BC Bosporan Kingdom 480 BC – 107 BC Kingdom of Pontus 107 BC – 63 BC Roman Republic 63 BC – 27 BC Roman Empire 27 BC – 330 Byzantine Empire 330 – 1204 Empire of Trebizond 1204 – 1461 Principality of Theodoro 1461 – 1475 Crimean Khanate 1475 – 1783 (Ottoman vassal from 1478 to 1774) Russian Empire 1783 – 1917 Founded as Sevastopol in 1783 Russian Republic 1917 Russian SFSR ( Soviet Union from 1922) 1917 – 1942 Nazi Germany 1942 – 1944 ( de facto ) Russian SFSR ( Soviet Union ) 1944 – 1954 Ukrainian SSR ( Soviet Union ) 1954 – 1991 Ukraine 1991 – 2014 ( de facto ; de jure – 1991–present) Russian Federation 2014 – present ( de facto ) In

1425-613: The Great Soviet Encyclopedia , indicated that Sevastopol, Crimean Oblast was part of the Ukrainian SSR . In 1954, under Nikita Khrushchev , both Sevastopol and the remainder of the Crimean peninsula were administratively transferred from being territories within the Russian SFSR to being territories administered by the Ukrainian SSR. Administratively, Sevastopol was a municipality excluded from

1500-607: The Battle of Sevastopol . German forces used railway artillery —including history's largest-ever calibre railway artillery piece in battle, the 80-cm calibre Schwerer Gustav —and specialised mobile heavy mortars to destroy Sevastopol's extremely heavy fortifications, such as the Maxim Gorky Fortresses . After fierce fighting, which lasted for 250 days, the fortress city finally fell to Axis forces in July 1942. It

1575-570: The CIS . On 28 July 1993, one of the leaders of the Russian Society of Crimea, Viktor Prusakov, said that his organisation was ready for an armed mutiny and the establishment of Russian administration of Sevastopol. In September, the commander of the joint Russian-Ukrainian Black Sea Fleet, Eduard Baltin , accused Ukraine of converting some of his fleet and conducting an armed assault on his personnel and threatened to take countermeasures placing

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1650-877: The Cathedral of Holy Wisdom until the 20th century. One of the most interesting items from this "Korsun Treasure" is the copper Korsun Gate , supposedly captured by the Novgorodians in Korsun' and now part of the St. Sophia Cathedral. After the Fourth Crusade (1202–04), Chersonesus became dependent on the Byzantine Empire of Trebizond as the Principality of Theodoro . After the Siege of Trebizond (1461)

1725-766: The Crimean mountains are represented in Sevastopol, the southern chain by the Balaklava Highlands, the inner chain by the Mekenziev Mountains, and the outer chain by the Kara-Tau Upland (Black Mountain). Sevastopol has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa ). Due to the summer mean straddling 22 °C (72 °F) it borders on a four-season oceanic climate , with cold winters and warm summers. The average yearly temperature

1800-530: The Principality of Theodoro became independent. The city fell under Genoese control in the early 13th century, which forebode the Greeks to trade there. In 1299, the town was sacked by the Mongol armies of Nogai Khan 's Golden Horde . Byzantine sources last mention Chersonesus in 1396, and based on archaeological evidence the site is presumed to have been abandoned in the following decades. Chersonesus had been

1875-591: The Ukrainian SSR elected to the Verkhovna Rada , A. Korovchenko and M. Kulakov. In 1957, the town of Balaklava was incorporated into Sevastopol. Following Ukraine 's declaration of independence from the USSR in 1991, Sevastopol became the principal base of the Ukrainian navy . As the key naval base of the former Soviet Black Sea Fleet , it was a source of tensions for Russia–Ukraine relations until

1950-655: The United Nations General Assembly consider the referendum illegal and illegitimate. On 18 March, Russia annexed Crimea , incorporating the Republic of Crimea and federal city of Sevastopol as federal subjects of Russia . However, the annexation remains internationally unrecognised, with most countries recognizing Sevastopol as a city with special status within Ukraine. While Russia has taken de facto control of Sevastopol and Crimea,

2025-517: The University of Texas at Austin and the local Archaeological Park has investigated the site since 1992. The Ukrainian government has included the site on its tentative World Heritage List . The site, however, is in danger of further urban encroachment and coastal erosion . In 2013, "The Ancient City of Tauric Chersonese and its Chora" was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This World Heritage Site consists of seven locations that encompass

2100-534: The 6th century BC, a Greek colony was established in the area of the modern-day city. The Greek city of Chersonesus existed for almost two thousand years, first as an independent democracy and later as part of the Bosporan Kingdom . In the 13th and 14th centuries, it was sacked by the Golden Horde several times and was finally totally abandoned. The modern day city of Sevastopol has no connection to

2175-632: The 980s, when it reportedly fell to Vladimir the Great of the Kievan Rus' . Vladimir agreed to evacuate the fortress only if Basil II 's sister Anna Porphyrogeneta would be given him in marriage. The demand caused a scandal in Constantinople. As a pre-condition for the marriage settlement, Vladimir was baptized here in 988, thus paving the way to the Baptism of Kievan Rus' . Thereafter Korsun'

2250-719: The Black Sea. After extended preparations, allied forces landed on the peninsula in September 1854 and marched to a point south of Sevastopol after winning the Battle of the Alma on 20 September. The Russians counterattacked on 25 October in what became the Battle of Balaclava and were repulsed, but the British Army 's forces were seriously depleted as a result. A second Russian counterattack, at Inkerman in November, ended in

2325-654: The Cossack Hetmanate and Sweden See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Korsun Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Korsun . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korsun&oldid=1215124381 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

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2400-997: The Khmelnytsky Uprising Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy between Nazi Germany and Soviet Union in 1944 during World War II Decisive Battles of WWII: Korsun Pocket , a computer game based on the Battle of the Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket Joachim of Korsun , first bishop of Novgorod the Great Korsun Pocket: Little Stalingrad on the Dnepr , a board wargame based on the Battle of the Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket SS Korsun Shevtshenkovsky , cargo ship built in 1943 Treaty of Korsun , 1657 treaty between

2475-454: The Russian government, starting from 1827. They are today a popular tourist attraction, protected as an archaeological park. The buildings mix influences of Greek, Roman and Byzantine culture. The defensive wall was approximately 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) long, 3.5 to 4 metres wide and 8 to 10 metres high with towers at a height of 10 to 12 metres. The walls enclosed an area of about 30 hectares (74 acres). Buildings include

2550-632: The adjacent Crimean Oblast . The territory of the municipality was 863.5 km and it was further subdivided into four raions (districts). Besides the City of Sevastopol proper, it also included two towns—Balaklava (having had no status until 1957), Inkerman, urban-type settlement Kacha, and 29 villages. For the 1955 Ukrainian parliamentary elections on 27 February, Sevastopol was split into two electoral districts, Stalinsky and Korabelny (initially requested three Stalinsky, Korabelny, and Nakhimovsky). Eventually, Sevastopol received two people's deputies of

2625-557: The administrative districts, they are not otherwise related to the administrative districts. Apart from navy-related civil facilities, Sevastopol hosts some other notable industries. An example is Stroitel, a major plastic manufacturer. There are different types of transport in Sevastopol: Sevastopol Shipyard comprises three facilities that together repair, modernise, and re-equip Russian Naval ships and submarines. The Sevastopol International Airport

2700-653: The amount of compensation it is paying to the city of Sevastopol for hosting the foreign Russian Black Sea Fleet, instead of requesting such compensation from the Russian government and the Russian Ministry of Defense in particular. On 27 April 2010, Russia and Ukraine ratified the Russian Ukrainian Naval Base for Gas treaty , which extended the Russian Navy's lease of the Crimean facilities for 25 years after 2017 (through 2042) with

2775-606: The ancient and medieval Greek city other than geographical location, but the ruins are a popular tourist attraction located on the outskirts of the city. Sevastopol was founded in June 1783 as a base for a naval squadron under the name Akhtiar ( White Cliff ), by Rear Admiral Thomas MacKenzie (Foma Fomich Makenzi), a native Scot in Russian service; soon after Russia annexed the Crimean Khanate . Five years earlier, Alexander Suvorov ordered that earthworks be erected along

2850-503: The ancient archaeological site, coupled with a lack of funding to prevent such development pressures, has left the site of Chersonesus firmly at risk. In an October 2010 report titled Saving Our Vanishing Heritage , Global Heritage Fund identified Chersonesus as one of 12 worldwide sites most "On the Verge" of irreparable loss and destruction, citing insufficient management and development pressures as primary causes. On July 29, 2015,

2925-424: The archons. A form of oath sworn by all the citizens from the 3rd century BC onwards has survived to the present day. In 2013 UNESCO listed Chersonesus as a World Heritage Site . In the 5th century BC, Dorians from Heraclea Pontica on the Black Sea coast of Asia Minor founded the sea port of Chersonesos in southwestern Crimea (outside modern Sevastopol ). It was a site with good deep-water harbors located at

3000-464: The bigger Sevastopol Bay . The ruins of ancient Chersonesus were situated to the west. The newly built settlement became an important naval base and later a commercial seaport . In 1797, under an edict issued by Emperor Paul I , the military stronghold was again renamed Akhtiar. Finally, on 29 April (10 May), 1826, the Senate returned the city's name to Sevastopol. In 1803 to 1864 along with Mykolaiv

3075-459: The city is the Governor of Sevastopol . According to the city charter, amended on 29 November 2016, the governor is elected in a direct election for a term of five years and no more than two consecutive terms. The current governor is Mikhail Razvozhayev . During the annexation of Ukrainian Crimea by Russia , the pro-Russian City Council threw its support behind Russian citizen Alexei Chaly as

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3150-553: The city of Chersonesus and six plots of agricultural land. The site was designated as a World Heritage site under the UNESCO criterion (ii) and (v). UNESCO considers these areas to show cultural lifestyles and land use of ancient populations that inhabited these areas. In 2014, the Crimean peninsula was annexed by Russia , but UNESCO has maintained that it will continue to recognize Crimea and its heritage sites as belonging to Ukraine. The encroachment of modern building in and around

3225-476: The city was part of Nikolayev–Sevastopol Military Governorate. From 1853 to 1856, the Crimean peninsula's strategic position in controlling the Black Sea caused it to be the site of the principal engagements of the Crimean War , where Russia lost to a French-led alliance. After a minor skirmish at Köstence (now Constanța ), the allied commanders decided to attack Sevastopol as Russia's main naval base in

3300-535: The city was plundered and destroyed. In 2007, Chersonesus tied for fifth in the Seven Wonders of Ukraine poll. On February 13, 2009, Ukrainian Defence Minister Yuriy Yekhanurov called on Russia's Black Sea naval fleet to move its automobile depot from the site to another place. The location of the Russian Black Sea naval fleet's automobile depot was one of the obstacles to the inclusion of

3375-715: The claim, threatening negotiations. In response, Ukraine proposed a "special partnership" with NATO in January 1997. In May 1997, Russia and Ukraine signed the Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty , ruling out Moscow's territorial claims to Ukraine. This was followed by the Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet on 28 May 1997. A separate agreement established

3450-414: The colony of Kerkinitida and constructing numerous fortifications. After defending itself against the Bosporan Kingdom , and the native Scythians and Tauri , and even extending its power over the west coast of the peninsula, it was compelled to call in the aid of Mithradates VI and his general Diophantus , c. 110 BC, and submitted to the Bosporan Kingdom . It was subject to Rome and received

3525-553: The edge of the territory of the indigenous Taurians. During much of the Classical Period, Chersonesus was a democracy ruled by a group of elected archons and a council called the Demiurgi. As time passed the government grew more oligarchic, with power concentrated in the hands of the archons. Up to the middle of the 4th century BC, Chersonesos remained a small city. It then expanded to lands in northwest Crimea, incorporating

3600-433: The fleet on alert. (In June 1992, the Russian president Yeltsin and the Ukrainian president Leonid Kravchuk had agreed to divide the former Soviet Black Sea Fleet between Russia and Ukraine. Eduard Baltin had been appointed commander of the Black Sea Fleet by Yeltsin and Kravchuk on 15 January 1993.) The Moscow mayor Yury Luzhkov to claim the city, and in December 1996, the Russian Federation Council officially endorsed

3675-420: The governor of Sevastopol, Sergey Menyaylo , controversially fired the director of the National Preserve of Tauric Chersonesos, Andrey Kulagin. He then appointed the head priest of the Russian Orthodox Cathedral of Saint Vladimir in Chersonesus, Sergiy Khalyuta, as the new director of the Preserve. This move caused heated protests from the staff of the Preserve, and all 109 members unanimously refused to work under

3750-413: The harbour and Russian troops be placed there. In February 1784, Catherine the Great ordered Grigory Potemkin to build a fortress there and call it Sevastopol. The realisation of the initial building plans fell to Captain Fyodor Ushakov who in 1788 was named commander of the port and of the Black Sea squadron . The city was established on the western shore of Southern Bay which branches away from

3825-403: The international community considers the area as part of Ukraine. The city of Sevastopol is located at the southwestern tip of the Crimean peninsula in a headland known as Heracles peninsula on a coast of the Black Sea . The city is designated a special city-region of Ukraine which besides the city itself includes several of its outlying settlements. The city itself is concentrated mostly in

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3900-450: The late 7th century. Between approximately 705 and 840, the city's affairs were managed by elected officials called babaghuq , meaning "father of the city". In 833, Emperor Theophilus sent the nobleman Petronas Kamateros , who had recently overseen the construction of the Khazar fortress of Sarkel , to take direct control over the city and its environs, establishing the theme of Klimata/Cherson . It remained in Byzantine hands until

3975-429: The locals were paid to do the farm work instead of being enslaved . The excavated tombstones hint at burial practices that were different from the Greek ones. Each stone marks the tomb of an individual, instead of the whole family and the decorations include only objects like sashes and weapons, instead of burial statues. Over half of the tombs archaeologists have found have bones of children. Burned remnants suggest that

4050-430: The location of the Russian Black Sea Fleet headquarters, and the Ukrainian Naval Forces Headquarters were also located in the city. A judicial row periodically continued over the naval hydrographic infrastructure both in Sevastopol and on the Crimean coast (especially lighthouses historically maintained by the Soviet and Russian Navy and also used for civil navigation support). As in the rest of Crimea, Russian remained

4125-415: The new director. The conflict attracted significant attention from the media, particularly due to its political connotations, given that Menyaylo had been appointed governor by Russian president Vladimir Putin , shortly after Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014. The workers claim that the conflict between Menyaylo and Kulagin started on July 11, when Kulagin complained about a road construction project on

4200-534: The new government in Kyiv following the overthrow of the president, Viktor Yanukovych . On 27 February, pro-Russian militia, including Russian troops, seized control of government buildings in Crimea, and by 28 February, controlled other strategic locations such as the military airport in Sevastopol. On 16 March 2014, an internationally unrecognised referendum was held in Sevastopol with official results claiming an 89.51% turnout and 95.6% of voters choosing to join Russia. Ukraine and almost all other countries of

4275-453: The option to prolong the lease in five-year extensions. The ratification process in the Ukrainian parliament encountered stiff opposition and even resulted in a brawl in the parliament chamber. Eventually, the treaty was ratified by a 52% majority vote—236 of 450. The Russian Duma ratified the treaty by a 98% majority. On 23 February 2014, a pro-Russian rally took place in Nakhimov Square declaring allegiance to Russia and protesting against

4350-468: The predominant language of the city, although following the independence of Ukraine there were some attempts at Ukrainisation , with very little success. Russian society in general and even some outspoken government representatives never accepted the loss of Sevastopol and tended to regard it as temporarily separated from Russia. In July 2009, the chairman of the Sevastopol city council, Valeriy Saratov ( Party of Regions ), said that Ukraine should increase

4425-450: The region is mostly rocky, in a series of smaller bays, a great number of which are located within the Bay of Sevastopol. The biggest of them are Southern Bay (within the Bay of Sevastopol), Archer Bay, a gulf complex that consists of Deergrass Bay, the Bay of Cossack, Salty Bay, and many others. There are over thirty bays in the immediate region. Three rivers flow through the region: the Belbek, Chorna, and Kacha. All three mountain chains of

4500-433: The reserve on UNESCO's list of world heritage sites . In 2017, archaeologists discovered on the outskirts of Sevastopol, fragments of an ancient Greek altar with figures of gods. In 2022, researchers analyzed human skeletal remains from a necropolis in the northern part of Chersonesus, dating to the earliest period of the colony (between the 5th and the 4th century BC). Most of the deceased individuals were positioned in

4575-447: The second half of May and the first half of October; the average sea temperature is about 17 °C (63 °F). The average rainfall is about 400 millimetres (16 in) per year. There are about 2,345 hours of sunshine duration per year. According to the Constitution of Ukraine , Sevastopol is administered as a City with special status . Executive power in Sevastopol is exercised by the Sevastopol City State Administration , led by

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4650-405: The site on which the colony was established. It should not be confused with the Tauric Chersonese , a name often applied to the whole of the southern Crimea. During much of the classical period, Chersonesus operated as a democracy ruled by a group of elected archons and a council called the Demiurgoi . As time passed, the government grew more oligarchic, with power concentrated in the hands of

4725-566: The site; designed in Byzantine style, it was intended to commemorate the site of Vladimir's baptism. In 1333, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chersonesus in Zechia was established, but it appears that it had only a bishop, a Dominican called Richard the Englishman. It is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular archbishopric , and is called specifically Chersonesus in Zechia to avoid confusion with other sees called Chersonesus . Chersonesus's ancient ruins are presently located in one of Sevastopol's suburbs. They were excavated by

4800-500: The status of a federal city of Russia . Both Ukraine and Russia consider the city administratively separate from the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the Republic of Crimea , respectively. The city's population has an ethnic Russian majority and a substantial minority of Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars . Sevastopol's unique naval and maritime features have been the basis for a robust economy. The city enjoys mild winters and moderately warm summers, characteristics that help make it

4875-435: The summer/holiday season lasts 5 months, from around mid-May and into September, with the temperature often reaching 20 °C (68 °F) or more in the first half of October. The average annual temperature of the sea is 14.2 °C (58 °F), ranging from 7 °C (45 °F) in February to 24 °C (75 °F) in August. From June to September, the average sea temperature is greater than 20 °C (68 °F). In

4950-459: The terms of a long-term lease of land, facilities, and resources in Sevastopol and the Crimea by Russia. Russia kept its naval base, with around 15,000 troops stationed in Sevastopol. The ex-Soviet Black Sea Fleet and its facilities were divided between Russia's Black Sea Fleet and the Ukrainian Naval Forces . The two navies co-used some of the city's harbours and piers, while others were demilitarised or used by either country. Sevastopol remained

5025-428: The territory of the Preserve which had been approved by governor Menyaylo without the permits necessary for construction works in protected areas . Eventually, under pressure from the workers and locals, Father Sergiy stepped down. Sevastopol Sevastopol ( / ˌ s ɛ v ə ˈ s t oʊ p əl , s ə ˈ v æ s t ə p oʊ l / ), sometimes written Sebastopol , is the largest city in Crimea and

5100-409: The war and forbade Russia from basing warships in the Black Sea. This hampered the Russians during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and in the aftermath of that conflict, Russia moved to reconstitute its naval strength and fortifications in the Black Sea. During World War II , Sevastopol withstood intensive bombardment by the Germans in 1941–42, supported by their Italian and Romanian allies during

5175-437: The western portion of the region and around the long Bay of Sevastopol . This bay is a ria , a river canyon drowned by Holocene sea-level rise, and the outlet of Chorna River . Away in a remote location southeast of Sevastopol is located the former city of Balaklava (since 1957 incorporated within Sevastopol), the bay of which in the Soviet era served as a main port for the Soviet diesel-powered submarines. The coastline of

5250-419: Was an observation point to watch the barbarian tribes, and its isolation made it a popular place of exile for those who angered the Roman and later Byzantine governments. Among its more famous "inmates" were Pope Clement I and Pope Martin I , and the deposed Byzantine Emperor Justinian II . According to Theophanes the Confessor and others, Chersonesus was the residence of a Khazar governor ( tudun ) in

5325-412: Was determined by the ancestry of the deceased, with flexed burials belonging to local Taurians, and extended burials belonging to Greek colonists. The 1935 basilica is the most famous basilica excavated in Chersonesus. The original name is unknown so "1935" refers to the year it was uncovered. The basilica was probably built in the 6th century on the site of an earlier temple, assumed by historians to be

5400-595: Was evacuated. Since this campaign is not recorded in Greek sources, historians have suggested that the account actually refers to the events of the Rus'–Byzantine War (1043) and to a different Vladimir . In fact, most valuables looted by the Slavs in Korsun' made their way to Novgorod (perhaps by way of Joachim the Korsunian , the first Novgorodian bishop, as his surname indicates ties to Korsun), where they were preserved in

5475-646: Was intended to be renamed to " Theodorichshafen " (in reference to Theodoric the Great and the fact that Crimea had been home to Germanic Goths until the 18th or 19th century) in the event of a German victory against the Soviet Union, and like the rest of Crimea was designated for future colonisation by the Third Reich. It was liberated by the Red Army on 9 May 1944 and was awarded the Hero City title

5550-540: Was intended to express its ancient Greek origins. It is a compound of the Greek adjective, σεβαστός ( sebastós , Byzantine Greek pronunciation: [sevasˈtos] ; 'venerable') and the noun πόλις ( pólis , 'city'). Σεβαστός is the traditional Greek equivalent (see Sebastian ) of the Roman honorific Augustus , originally given to the first emperor of the Roman Empire, Augustus and later awarded as

5625-601: Was the first time that the council had to review and qualify actions of a legislative body. On 14 April 1993, the Presidium of the Crimean Parliament called for the creation of the presidential post of the Crimean Republic. A week later, the Russian deputy, Valentin Agafonov, said that Russia was ready to supervise a referendum on Crimean independence and include the republic as a separate entity in

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