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23-796: Koshihikari was first created in 1956 by combining 2 different strains of Nourin No.1 and Nourin No.22 at the Fukui Prefectural Agricultural Research Facility. It is one of the most highly grown varieties of rice in Japan and is exported to other countries as a premium product. As of 2008, Koshihikari BL accounted for 97% of Koshihikari production in Niigata Prefecture , the largest rice-growing region in Japan. The character for koshi ( 越 )

46-709: A western part (formerly Wakasa) which is a narrow plain between the mountains and the sea, and a larger eastern part (formerly Echizen) with wider plains including the capital and most of the population. The province lies within Japan's " Snow country ". As of 31 March 2008, 15% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks , namely the Hakusan National Park ; Echizen-Kaga Kaigan and Wakasa Wan Quasi-National Parks; and Okuetsu Kōgen Prefectural Natural Park . Nine cities are located in Fukui Prefecture: These are

69-550: Is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū . Fukui Prefecture has a population of 778,943 (1 June 2017) and has a geographic area of 4,190 km (1,617 sq mi ). Fukui Prefecture borders Ishikawa Prefecture to the north, Gifu Prefecture to the east, Shiga Prefecture to the south, and Kyoto Prefecture to the southwest. Fukui is the capital and largest city of Fukui Prefecture, with other major cities including Sakai , Echizen , and Sabae . Fukui Prefecture

92-627: Is distributed across Fukui, Ishikawa , and Gifu prefectures of western-central Honshu . The Tetori Group exhibits marked lateral variation, and the Kitadani Formation is only present in Fukui Prefecture. The Kitadani Formation comprises interbedded tuffs , sandstones , and shales and reaches a maximum thickness of approximately one hundred meters (~328 feet). It conformably overlies the Akaiwa Formation and

115-808: Is located on the Sea of Japan coast and is part of the historic Hokuriku region of Japan. The Matsudaira clan , a powerful samurai clan during the Edo period that became a component of the Japanese nobility after the Meiji Restoration , was headquartered at Fukui Castle on the site of the modern prefectural offices. Fukui Prefecture is home to the Kitadani Formation , the Ichijōdani Asakura Family Historic Ruins , and

138-609: Is unconformably overlain by the Omichidani Formation . The Kitadani Formation is significant because it is the major source of dinosaur fossils in Japan and because of Japan's unique position along the northeastern margin of Eurasia during the Early Cretaceous. The Kitadani Formation is a unit within the Tetori Group , a Lower Cretaceous sequence of predominantly sedimentary rock which crops out in

161-507: Is used to represent the old Koshi Province , which stretched from present-day Fukui to Yamagata . Koshihikari can be translated as "the light of Koshi". Niigata Prefecture has developed a series of Koshihikari varieties with blast disease resistance genes introduced through backcrossing , and by crossing these varieties, the Koshihikari BL group was created with dramatically improved resistance to blast disease. Compared with

184-559: The Akaiwa Formation , and Kitadani Formation. The Kitadani Formation comprises alternating horizons of red-brown tuffs , blackish shales and sandstones , and thin coal beds. The sandstones within the Kitadani Formation are light gray and green and range in clast size from fine to coarse. The type section of the Kitadani Formation occurs along the Nakanomatadani branch of the Takinami River  [ ja ] near

207-640: The Fukui , Ishikawa , and Gifu prefectures of west-central Honshu , Japan in the region surrounding Mount Haku . The formations present within the Tetori Group vary laterally, and the Kitadani Formation crops out only in the Kuzuryū River district of Fukui Prefecture. In this region, the sequence comprises, in ascending stratigraphic order: Gomijima Formation , the Kuwajima Formation ,

230-511: The Tōjinbō cliff range. The Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry , on the Sugiyama River within the city limits of Katsuyama, has yielded animals such As Fukuiraptor , Fukuisaurus , Nipponosaurus , Koshisaurus , Fukuivenator , Fukuititan , and Tambatitanis , as well as an unnamed dromaeosaurid . Fukui originally consisted of the old provinces of Wakasa and Echizen , before

253-476: The "Kitadani Alternation of Sandstone, Shale, and Tuff", and simply the "Kitadani Alternation" prior to its designation as a formation. The Kitadani Formation was biostratigraphically dated to the late Barremian and early Aptian ages of the Early Cretaceous Epoch in 2002 based upon the presence of the freshwater bivalve Nippononaia ryosekiana . In 2005, part of the Kitadani Formation

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276-437: The Kitadani Formation are incomplete and poorly preserved, so taxonomic diversity is likely higher than it seems. The plant fossil assemblage of the Kitadani Formation is characterized by a rarity of ferns and an abundance of cycadales and conifers represented mostly by cones and shoots. A palynological study in 2013 resulted in the identification of greater than 40 species of spores, pollen grains, and plant fragments from

299-430: The Kitadani Formation representing gymnosperms, freshwater algae, and epiphyllous fungus; however, no angiosperm pollen was identified. Branches of the conifer Brachyphyllum obesum have been recovered, which was interpreted to represent the warming and possible drying of the climate toward the upper Tetori Group. This interpretation is supported by the lack of plants from lower in the Tetori Group, such as ginkgos , in

322-421: The Kitadani Formation. The invertebrate fossil assemblage of the Kitadani Formation mostly comprises freshwater and brackish water bivalve and gastropod mollusks . Turtles are represented mostly by shell fragments within the Kitadani Formation. A nearly complete skeleton of goniopholidid has been discovered from the Kitadani Formation, but this material remains undescribed. Dinosaurs are among

345-604: The October 2010 national census. 35°59′N 136°11′E  /  35.983°N 136.183°E  / 35.983; 136.183 Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry The Kitadani Formation ( Japanese : 北谷層 Kitadani-sō ) is a unit of Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rock which crops out near the city of Katsuyama in Fukui Prefecture , Japan , and it is the primary source of Cretaceous -aged non-marine vertebrate fossils in Japan. Dinosaur remains are among

368-533: The Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act, with BL Nos. 4 and 13 each accounting for 35% of production, BL No. 2 accounting for 20%, and BL No. 1 accounting for 10%. Other rice varieties close to its strains, such as Akitakomachi ( ja ), Hitomebore ( ja ), and Hinohikari ( ja ) were subsequently created by cross-breeding Koshihikari with other Japanese varieties of rice. Fukui Prefecture Fukui Prefecture ( 福井県 , Fukui-ken )

391-484: The city of Katsuyama , where it is approximately 100 m (~328 feet) in thickness. The Kitadani Formation conformably overlies the Akaiwa Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Omichidani Formation . The palaeoclimate during the deposition of the formation was noticeably warmer and drier than that of the older Kuwajima and Okurodani Formations , as evidenced by oxygen isotope records as well as by

414-488: The fossils that have been recovered from the formation, but it also preserves a diverse assemblage of plants, invertebrates, and other vertebrates. Most, if not all, of the fossil specimens collected from the Kitadani Formation are reposited at the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum . The Kitadani Formation is a unit within the Tetori Group , a major sequence of Lower Cretaceous rocks that

437-691: The original Koshihikari, Koshihikari BL reduces the incidence of rice blast to one-tenth and the use of agricultural chemicals by 25%. Niigata Prefecture began developing a group of varieties that improved Koshihikari for rice blast resistance in 1986, and registered Koshihikari Niigata BL No. 1 to No. 3 in 2000 and Koshihikari Niigata BL No. 4 in 2002, with production starting in 2005. Under the Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act ( ja ), these varieties and seed names are registered as Koshihikari Niigata BL, but as milled product names they are marketed simply as Koshihikari. As of 2023, Niigata Prefecture has registered Koshihikari Niigata BL Nos. 1 to 6 and 9 to 13 under

460-476: The prefecture was formed in 1871. During the Edo period , the daimyō of the region was surnamed Matsudaira , and was a descendant of Tokugawa Ieyasu . During World War II , Fukui was heavily bombed and its palace, Fukui Castle , surrounded by a moat, was demolished. Buildings for the Fukui Prefectural government were built on the site of the castle. Fukui faces the Sea of Japan , and has

483-481: The presence of crocodylomorph fossils in the former in contrast to their absence in the latter. The Kitadani Formation has had varying nomenclature throughout the history of its study. In the early stratigraphic literature on the Tetori Group, the Kitadani Formation was variably referred to as the "Lower part of the Omichidani Formation", the "Chinaboradani Alternation of Tuff, Shale, and Sandstone",

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506-513: The towns in each district : Fukui is one of the less populated prefectures of Japan; in September 2015 there were an estimated 785,508 people living in 281,394 households. As seen in most of Japan, Fukui is facing the problem of both an aging and decreasing population; 28.6% of the population was over the age of 65 in July 2015 and the population has decreased by 2.6% from the 806,000 measured in

529-630: Was biostratigraphically dated to the Barremian Age based upon the occurrence of the charophyte gyrogonite Clavator harrisii reyi in association with other charophytes. These biostratigraphic age assignments are supported by zircon fission track radioisotopic ages of tuff , which date the Kitadani Formation to 127-115 Ma. The Kitadani Formation preserves a diverse assemblage of plant fossils; invertebrate fossils; and vertebrate body and trace fossils, including mammals , turtles , crocodylomorphs , and dinosaurs . Many vertebrate specimens from

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