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40-473: Kosrae's land area is 110 square kilometers (42 square miles), making it the smallest state by area. Sustaining 6,600 people, it is also the smallest by population. Tofol is the state capital, and Mount Finkol is the highest point at 634 meters (2,080 feet). Archaeological evidence shows that the island was settled at least by the early years of the first millennium AD. This includes the city of Leluh that existed from about 1250 to 1850 AD, and in its heyday had

80-600: A normal school serving all areas of the Trust Territory, opened in Guam. It moved to Chuuk in 1948, to be more central in the Trust Territory, and was renamed Pacific Islands' Teacher Training School (PITTS). It transitioned from being a normal school to a comprehensive secondary school, so it was renamed the Pacific Islands Central School (PICS). The school moved to Pohnpei in 1959. It

120-440: A destination for scuba divers and hikers . The coral reefs that surround the island are kept in pristine condition through an extensive mooring buoy system, installed and maintained by concerned expat dive operators with the help of the government's Marine Resources office. The reefs are largely untouched, and contain miles of hard corals, some said to be thousands of years old. Kosrae International Airport ( IATA code KSA)

160-509: A naval doctor and naturalist. La Coquille anchored in Kosrae for ten days. During this visit, several crew walked across the island and visited the island of Lelu. The first recorded sighting by Westerners was by the Spanish navigator Álvaro de Saavedra on 14 September 1529 when trying to return from Tidore to New Spain . The island was under nominal Spanish sovereignty since 1668, but it

200-428: A population of about 1,500 and covered some 27 hectares (67 acres). It featured burial pyramids for the nobility. The French corvette S. M. La Coquille , arrived at Okat Harbor on 3 June 1824 and visited until 15 June 1824. Commanded by Louis-Isidore Duperrey , La Coquille , on its circumnavigation of the earth (1822–1825) with Jules Dumont d'Urville as second. René-Primevère Lesson also traveled on Coquille as

240-411: A single cook house. The first missionary post was established by Congregationalists in 1852, and virtually the whole island had converted to Christianity by the 1870s. Today, many sects of Christianity are represented on Kosrae, and religion still plays an integral role in culture. The notorious captain and blackbirder Bully Hayes was shipwrecked on Kosrae on March 15, 1874, when his ship Leonora

280-471: A unicameral legislature. In early times, a system of exchange based on sea shells existed on Kosrae, although little is currently known about how it operated. Since the 1960s, the Kosraean government has become the main employer on the island, where fishing and traditional farming remain the main source of the islanders' subsistence. Imports have replaced almost all other native manufactures. The U.S dollar

320-528: A water area the size of the continental United States. It was subdivided into six districts and represented a variety of cultures, with nine spoken languages. The Pohnpeians and Kosraeans , Marshallese and Palauans , Chuukese , Yapese and Chamorros had little in common, except they were in the same general area of the Pacific Ocean. The large distances between people, the lack of an economy, and language and cultural barriers all worked against

360-608: Is also one private school (Kosrae Seventh-day Adventist School). In July 2011, Kosrae DOE embraced the One Laptop per Child program, distributing 720 "XO" computers to children in its public elementary schools, becoming the first State of Micronesia to do so. The official language of Kosrae is Kosraean , although the English language may also be used in government discourse. According to the Constitution of Kosrae, English

400-452: Is held to have "equal authority" to Kosraean (although in an instance where the Kosraean and English versions of the Constitution are held to be in irresolvable conflict, the Kosraean version prevails). However, the national language of the FSM is English. Traditional foods have included breadfruit , coconut , banana , taro , yam , and sugarcane . Breadfruit was the usual staple food, and it

440-493: Is located on an artificial island within the fringing reef about 150 meters (490 feet) from the coast and is connected to the main island by a new bridge that opened to the public in January 2016. It is served by United Airlines (formerly Continental Micronesia ) Island Hopper 737-800 flights (thrice a week in each direction) between Hawaii and Guam , stopping at other FSM (Pohnpei and Chuuk) and Marshallese destinations on

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480-504: Is the most easterly point of Micronesia. Tofol is in Lelu municipality , located almost directly southwest of Lelu Island . Kosrae State Department of Education operates public schools: 05°19′33″N 163°00′31″E  /  5.32583°N 163.00861°E  / 5.32583; 163.00861 This Federated States of Micronesia location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Trust Territory of

520-429: Is the official currency used in Kosrae and throughout Micronesia. The tourism industry to date has mainly centered around scuba diving on the coral reef that rings the island. Surfing, hiking and stand up paddle-boarding through the extensive mangrove system is growing in popularity. The annual 10-kilometer ( 6 + 1 ⁄ 4 -mile) Rockhopper running race commenced in 2013 and attracts several dozen competitors from

560-943: The UN Charter provided that, as such, its formal status as a UN trust territory could be terminated only by the Security Council and not by the General Assembly as with other trust territories. The United States Navy controlled the TTPI from a headquarters in Guam until 1951, when the United States Department of the Interior took over control, administering the territory from a base in Saipan . The Territory contained 100,000 people scattered over

600-759: The 1930s, Japan left the League of Nations and invaded additional lands. During World War II, military control of the islands was disputed, but by the war's end, the islands had come under the Allies' control. The Trust Territory of the Pacific was created to administer the islands as part of the United States while still under the auspices of the United Nations. Most of the island groups in the territory became independent states, with some degree of ties kept with

640-496: The 1930s, reported that the island had no jail, there had been no murders in sixty years, and alcohol and tobacco were unheard of. The island was fortified by the Japanese during World War II , but no battles occurred on Kosrae. The Japanese garrison commanded by Lieutenant-General Yoshikazu Harada consisted of 3,811 IJA men including a company of tanks and 700 IJA men. Tunnel bunkers that have multiple entrances were dug into

680-608: The 2nd 1899 Spain sold the Caroline Islands to Germany for 25 million pesetas (17 million German marks). The island came under the control of the Empire of Japan after World War I . Extensive economic improvements took place during the Japanese South Seas Mandate of 1919 to 1947. The island was practically run by a few missionaries who converted the population; Willard Price , when he visited in

720-883: The Pacific Islands The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands ( TTPI ) was a United Nations trust territory in Micronesia administered by the United States from 1947 to 1994. The Imperial Japanese South Seas Mandate had been seized by the US during the Pacific War , as Japan had administered the territory since the League of Nations gave Japan a mandate over the area from Imperial Germany after World War I . However, in

760-666: The Trust Territory. They included Jaluit High School , Kosrae High School , Marshall Islands High School in Majuro, Palau High, PICS, and Truk High School (now Chuuk High School ). The Micronesian Occupational College in Koror, Palau, was also built. It later merged with the Kolonia-based Community College of Micronesia, which began operations in 1969, into the College of Micronesia-FSM in 1976. Following

800-680: The United States: the Federated States of Micronesia , Marshall Islands and Palau are today independent states in a Compact of Free Association with the US, while the Northern Mariana Islands remain under US jurisdiction, as an unincorporated territory and commonwealth . Spain initially claimed the islands that later composed the territory of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI). Subsequently, Germany established competing claims over

840-541: The easternmost of the Caroline Islands , has a population of 6,616 (2010 census). It is located approximately 600 km (370 mi) north of the equator, between Guam and the Hawaiian Islands . It has a land area of approximately 110 km (42 sq mi). Some parts of the island are experiencing coastal erosion . Kosrae is a volcanic island that is largely unspoiled. It is becoming

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880-667: The forest, although subsequent diggings have failed to uncover it. The existence of this buried money is part of the myths that surround Hayes. In 1885, after a dispute between the Spanish Empire and the German Empire, finally resolved under the terms of the Vatican State, the Spanish Navy took effective control of the island. After the Spanish defeat against the United States in the war of 1898, on February

920-450: The fringing reef, most importantly Lelu Island , are subsumed under the main island), while the other three states are each composed of many islands. Until 1977, Kosrae was subdivided into districts or villages at the sub-municipality level: By 1980, five municipalities had been created from the former villages or districts: The number of municipalities has subsequently been reduced to four (by integrating Walung into Tafunsak). Kosrae,

960-478: The island's interior peaks and most can still be explored today. The island became part of the vast US Naval Base Marshall Islands . In 1945, administration over Kosrae passed to the United States, which ruled the island as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands . Aid and investment increased from the 1960s. During the Trust Territory (TTPI) period, Kosrae was initially administered as one of

1000-417: The islands in the former South Seas Mandate , a mandate that authorized Japanese administration of the islands. The islands then remained under Japanese control until captured by the United States in 1944 during World War II . The TTPI entered UN trusteeship pursuant to Security Council Resolution 21 on July 18, 1947, and was designated a "strategic area" in its 1947 trusteeship agreement. Article 83 of

1040-565: The islands. The competing claims were eventually resolved in favor of Germany when Spain, following its loss of several possessions to the United States during the Spanish–American War , ceded its claims over the islands to Germany pursuant to the German–Spanish Treaty (1899) . Germany, in turn, continued to retain possession until the islands were captured by Japan during World War I . The League of Nations formally placed

1080-604: The municipalities of the Ponape (Pohnpei) District, but in 1977 became a separate district. When the Micronesian constitution was defeated in the TTPI districts of Palau and the Marshall Islands , Kosrae joined the remaining districts ( Yap , Chuuk and Pohnpei ) to form the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). Kosrae is the only single-island FSM state (whereby the seven or eight small nearshore islands within

1120-841: The nearby islands of Kwajalein and Pohnpei. In July 2016, the Kosrae Nautilus Resort was won in a raffle promoted worldwide. The previous owners, Doug and Sally Beitz, were persuaded by family to conduct the raffle rather than sell the resort, ahead of returning to Australia. The winner, Joshua, is from the state of New South Wales , Australia . Joshua will become owner of a resort, which is free of debt, profitable and has more than 20 years remaining on its lease. The Kosrae Department of Education (DOE) operates six public elementary schools (Tafunsak Elementary School, Malem Elementary School, Utwe Elementary School, Lelu Elementary School, Sansrik Elementary School, Walung Elementary School) and one high school ( Kosrae High School ). There

1160-665: The population favored independence. A Congress of Micronesia first levied an income tax in 1971. It affected mainly foreigners working at military bases in the region. On October 21, 1986, the U.S. ended its administration of the Marshall Islands District . The termination of U.S. administration of the Chuuk , Yap , Kosrae , Pohnpei , and the Mariana Islands districts of the TTPI soon followed on November 3, 1986. The Security Council formally ended

1200-535: The roots of a mountain plant, Suhka was served to members of the nobility. Fish were harvested mainly from the lagoon using nets. There are at least 15 species of land snails reported from Kosrae: Tofol Tofol village in Lelu Town municipality is the seat of government of the state of Kosrae in Micronesia , according to the provisions of the Kosrae State Code, Title 2, Chap. 2. It

1240-482: The state capital. Other very small, uninhabited islands within the fringing reef are, Yen Yen and Yenasr (also in Lelu municipality), the airport island, Kiul, Mutunyal, Sroansak (Tafunsak municipality), and Srukames (also Tafunsak municipality, Walung part). Kosrae State is subdivided into four municipalities. Of the originally five municipalities of 1980, Walung was subsequently absorbed by Tafunsak. The capital of

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1280-468: The state is Tofol , in Lelu municipality. Kosrae is one of the four federal states of the Federated States of Micronesia, a democratic federation . Each state in the country has the ability to retain a large number of powers within their territory as well as a certain level of sovereignty typical of federal administrative divisions. The chief executive of Kosrae is the governor . Kosrae has

1320-721: The trusteeship for the Chuuk, Yap, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Mariana Islands, and Marshall Islands districts on December 22, 1990, pursuant to Security Council Resolution 683 . On May 25, 1994, the Council ended the trusteeship for the Palau District pursuant to Security Council Resolution 956 , after which the U.S. and Palau agreed to establish the latter's independence on October 1. In 1969, the 100 occupied islands comprised 700 square miles (1,800 km ) over an area of 3,000,000 square miles (7,800,000 km ) of sea. The latter area

1360-455: The union. The six district centers became upscale slums, containing deteriorated Japanese-built roads, electricity, modern music, and distractions, which alienated youth and elders. The remainder of the islands maintained their traditional way of life and infrastructure. In the late 1960s, the U.S. opposed the idea of eventual independence. Instead, they aimed for some form of association, perhaps with Hawaii. They estimated that perhaps 10-25% of

1400-523: The way. Nauru Airlines also connect weekly with their fleet of 737-300 jets to Brisbane in Australia and Nadi in Fiji. There is one significant nearshore island within the fringing reef around Kosrae, which is Lelu Island , and it is only 2 square kilometers ( 3 ⁄ 4 square mile) in area, but with a population of around 1,500. It belongs to Lelu municipality, which includes the area around Tofol ,

1440-419: Was a three-year institution housing students who graduated from intermediate schools. The school, later known as Pohnpei Island Central School (PICS), is now Bailey Olter High School . Palau Intermediate School, established in 1946, became Palau High School in 1962 as it added senior high grades. From the late 1960s to the middle of the 1970s, several public high schools were built or received additions in

1480-634: Was caught in Utwe harbor during a storm. Bully Hayes made his home in Utwe for seven months, during which he terrorized the local people. In September 1874, HMS Rosario (under the command of Captain Dupuis) arrived to investigate the claims against Hayes. He was arrested, but then escaped in a 14-foot boat, built of timber from the wreck of the Leonora . His treasure may have been left behind, buried somewhere in

1520-631: Was comparable in size to the continental United States. The water area is about 5% of the Pacific Ocean . The islands' population was 200,000 in the latter part of the 19th century. The population decreased to 100,000 by 1969 due to emigration, war, and disease. At that time, the population inhabited less than 100 out of 2,141 of the Marshall, Mariana, and Caroline Islands. In 1947, the Mariana Islands' Teacher Training School (MITTS),

1560-410: Was not effectively occupied until 1885. By the time of the island's first contact with European travelers in 1824, Kosrae had a highly stratified society, typical of the surrounding islands of the time. Its cultural features included matrilineal lineage and clans, with a feudal structure of "nobles" controlling land worked by "commoners" and settlements consisting of small groups of close relatives sharing

1600-423: Was preserved in leaf-lined pits for times of scarcity. Coconuts were reserved for nobles. Food was a central part of island life, since each settlement consisted of small family groups gathered around a cook house containing at least one earth oven. Soft taro was made into a feast food called fahfah by men trained in the elaborate skills needed to prepare it properly, who also prepared suhka ( Kava ). Brewed from

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