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79-731: Kosta Alković was born in Zemun , then part of the Austrian Empire , on 14 September 1834. After graduating from the Belgrade Lyceum , he received a state scholarship to pursue further studies at the Vienna Polytechnic Institute . He graduated in 1859 with a degree in mathematics, physics, mechanics and practical geometry from the Vienna Polytechnic. He was professor of physics and mechanics at

158-483: A preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):  Several important roads of Serbia run through the municipality. The Belgrade-Zagreb highway, the old ( Batajnički drum ) and new (highway) road Belgrade-Novi Sad, the still in construction starting point (Batajnica-Dobanovci) of the future Belgrade beltway (Batajnica- Bubanj Potok ), Belgrade-Novi Sad railway, etc. Until 2014, Zemun had no bridges, apart from

237-591: A separate natural monument. Kapela is older though, originating from some 800,000 years ago. In September 2018, Belgrade's mayor Zoran Radojičić announced that the construction of a dam on the Danube, in the Zemun-New Belgrade area, will start soon. The dam should protect the city during the high water levels. Such project was never mentioned before, nor it was clear how and where it will be constructed, or if it's feasible at all. Radojičić clarified after

316-729: A separate town status to Belgrade in 1934 and made a continuous built-up area with Belgrade only since the 1950s. Hence, the House at 10 Cara Dušana Street in Belgrade's downtown neighborhood of Dorćol is usually named as the oldest house in Belgrade, while the White Bear Tavern is titled as the oldest house in Zemun. Syrmia County Syrmia County ( Croatian : Srijemska županija , Serbian : Сремска жупанија , Hungarian : Szerém vármegye , German : Komitat Syrmien )

395-648: A while that he was referring to the temporary, mobile flood wall . The wall will be 50 cm (20 in) high and 5 km (3.1 mi) long, stretching from the Branko's Bridge across the Sava and the neighborhood of Ušće in New Belgrade, to the Radecki restaurant on the Danube's bank in the Zemun's Gardoš neighborhood. In case of emergency, the panels will be placed on the existing construction. The construction

474-511: Is a former kafana in the neighborhood of Ćukovac . First mentioned in 1658, it is the oldest surviving edifice on the urban territory of modern Belgrade, not counting the Belgrade Fortress . However, Zemun developed completely independently from Belgrade for centuries and for the most part during the history two towns belonged to two different states. Zemun became part of the same administrative unit as Belgrade on 4 October 1929, lost

553-497: Is also located in the municipality, near the Batajnica settlement. In 1928, building company "Šumadija" proposed the construction of the cable car , which they called "air tram". The project was planned to connect Zemun to Kalemegdan on Belgrade Fortress , via Great War Island. The interval of the cabins was set at 2 minutes and the entire route was supposed to last 5 minutes. The project was never realized. White Bear Tavern

632-409: Is incomplete, a projected main freight station in Zemun is not being adapted at all while there is even no project on a Belgrade railway beltway. A series of temporary solutions will have to be applied. One is a defunct and deteriorated Topčider station, which will be revitalized and adapted for auto trains, until the Zemun station becomes operational. Freight station in Zemun will be located between

711-499: Is located in the eastern Syrmia region, in the central-western section of the Belgrade City area. The urban section of Zemun is both the most northern and the most western section of urban Belgrade. Zemun borders the province of Vojvodina to the west (municipality of Stara Pazova and municipality of Pećinci ), and municipalities of Surčin to the south, Novi Beograd to the south-east and Palilula and Stari Grad across

790-813: Is mentioned in the Austrian-German folksong Prinz Eugen, der edle Ritter as the place where the army of Prince Eugene of Savoy set up camp before the Siege of Belgrade (1717) that liberated the city from the Ottoman Empire. The area of Zemun has been inhabited since the Neolithic period . Baden culture graves and ceramics like bowls and anthropomorphic urns were found in the town. Bosut culture graves were found in nearby Asfaltna Baza . The first Celtic settlements in Taurunum area originate from

869-420: Is scheduled to start in 2019 and to finish in 2020. One of the characteristics of the Zemun's topography are the lagums , artificial underground corridors which crisscross below the loess area of Gardoš, Muhar, Ćukovac and Kalvarija. This terrain is one of the most active landslide areas in Belgrade. Being cut into for centuries, the loess in some sections have cliffs vertical up to 90%. The Romans began digging

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948-462: Is thick up to 40 meters and very fertile, with rich, grass-improved, humus chernozem . The uninhabited river islands of Great War Island and Little War Island on the Danube, also belong to the municipality Zemun, too. Loess cliff "Zemun" was protected by the city on 29 November 2013. It consists of the very steep right bank of the Danube and is a typical example of the dry land loess. There are four distinguished loess horizons and four horizons of

1027-585: The Austro-Hungarian land of Bosnia and Herzegovina , the Kingdom of Serbia , and the Hungarian counties of Bács-Bodrog and Torontál . The County stretched along the right (southern) bank of the river Danube and the left (northern) bank of the river Sava , down to their confluence. Its area was 6,866 km² around 1910. By the 13th century, two counties were formed in this region: Syrmia (in

1106-677: The Axis invasion of April 1941 . Following the surrender of Yugoslavia that same month, Zemun, along with the rest of Syrmia, was given to the Independent State of Croatia . The city was taken from Axis control in 1944, and since then, it is part of Serbian region known as Central Serbia . The city is now home of the Air force command building , a monumental edifice, situated at 12 Аvijatičarski Square in Zemun, Belgrade. The Municipality has an area of 153 square kilometres (59 square miles). It

1185-492: The Belgrade Main railway station to the new, Prokop station began in the early 2016. In December 2017, all but two national trains were dislocated to "Belgrade Center". In the scopes of dislocation, a new, central Belgrade freight station is planned in Zemun. But, the problems arose immediately. The Prokop is still not finished, has no station building and a proper access road and public transportation connections with

1264-514: The Crusades mentioned it as Mallevila , a toponym from the 9th century. This was also a period when the Slavic name Zemln was recorded for the first time. Believed to be derived from the word zemlja , meaning soil , it was a basis for all other future names of the city: modern Serbian Земун (Cyrillic) or Zemun (Latin), Za·munt (Romanian), Hungarian Zimony and German Semlin , which

1343-490: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Kingdom of Yugoslavia ). According to the 2022 census results, the municipality of Zemun has a population of 177,908 inhabitants. Apart from the Zemun proper, the municipality includes suburbs of Batajnica , Ugrinovci , Zemun Polje and Nova Galenika to the northwest. In ancient times, the Celtic and Roman settlement was known as Taurunum . The Frankish chroniclers of

1422-793: The Military Frontier was organized in the region in 1746, and the town of Zemun was granted the rights of a military commune in 1749. In 1777, Zemun had 6,800 residents, half of which were ethnic Serbs, while another half of the population was composed of Germans, Hungarians and Jews. With the abolishment of the Military Frontier in 1881, Zemun and the rest of the eastern Srem was included into Syrmia County of Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia , part of Austria-Hungary . Following Austro-Hungarian defeat in World War I, Zemun returned to Serbian control on November 5, 1918 and became part of

1501-586: The Revolution of 1848–1849 , Zemun was one of the de facto capitals of Serbian Vojvodina , a Serbian autonomous region within Habsburg Empire , but in 1849, it was returned under the administration of the Military Frontier. With the abolishment of the Military Frontier in 1881, Zemun and the rest of the eastern Srem was included into Syrmia County of Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia , part of Austria-Hungary . The first railway line that connected it to

1580-592: The Serbian campaign at the beginning of World War I , Zemun was briefly occupied by the Royal Serbian Army , and many South Slavs living in the city fled to Serbia. The Austro-Hungarian Balkan Army under Oskar Potiorek quickly retook the city and hanged suspected collaborators. The city returned to Serbian control on November 5, 1918. The town became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Kingdom of Yugoslavia ). The inter-war period

1659-647: The Serbian despot Đurađ Branković . After the Serbian Despotate fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1459, Zemun became an important military outpost. Its strategic location near the confluence of the Sava and the Danube placed it in the center of the continued border wars between the Habsburg and the Ottoman empires. The Treaty of Passarowitz of 1718 finally placed the town into Habsburg possession,

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1738-419: The 1980s. Still, it is believed that the majority of them haven't been discovered or explored. The walls of those which have, are being covered with bricks or woods. Some corridors are dead ends while others are connected. The "Galeb" rowing club uses one of the lagums on the bank of the Danube to store their kayaks . There are numerous stories about the Zemun's lagums, their distribution and expansion of

1817-638: The 3rd century BC when the Scordisci occupied several Thracian and Dacian areas of the Danube. The Scordisci founded both Taurunum and Singidunum across the Sava, predecessor of modern Belgrade. The Romans came in the 1st century BC, Taurunum became part of the Roman province of Pannonia around 15 AD. It had a fortress and served as a harbour for the Pannonian (Roman) fleet of Singidunum (Belgrade). The pen of Roman poet Publius Ovidius Naso (Ovid)

1896-490: The Austrians held Zemun permanently from 1717, they held Belgrade only from 1717 to 1739, which was not enough for such a major engineering enterprise, given the technology of the period. On 31 July 1938, a section of the Zemun's Roman Catholic cemetery collapsed and fell through into the lagum on which it was built, one of the largest in Zemun. As of this time people tended to label any old structures as "Roman", believing that

1975-477: The City of Zemun and Zemun district (srez), unlike rest of Belgrade which was divided into raions . In 1955 both City of Zemun and most of the Zemun district were incorporated into Belgrade again. In the 1950s and 1960s, municipalities of Boljevci and Dobanovci were annexed to the municipality of Surčin while Batajnica was annexed to Zemun itself. In 1965 Surčin was annexed to the municipality of Zemun which marked

2054-646: The Committee for Natural and Mathematical Sciences 1879/1880. In November 1892, he became an honorary member of the Serbian Royal Academy. Konstantin Kosta Alković died on 2 May 1909 ( Julian Calendar ) in Belgrade . Zemun Zemun ( Serbian Cyrillic : Земун , pronounced [zěmuːn] ; Hungarian : Zimony ) is a municipality in the city of Belgrade , Serbia . Zemun

2133-524: The Danube. The core of the city are the neighborhoods of Donji Grad, Gardoš, Ćukovac and Gornji Grad. To the south, Zemun continues into Novi Beograd with which it makes one continuous urban area (neighborhood of Tošin Bunar ). In the west it extends into the neighborhoods of Altina and Plavi Horizonti and to the north-west into Galenika , Zemun Polje and further into Batajnica. Zemun originally developed on three hills, Gardoš , Ćukovac and Kalvarija , on

2212-598: The East Syrmia Occupation Zone ( Okupationsgebiet Ostsyrmien ). Germany technically recognised Zemun and surroundings as part of the Independent State of Croatia puppet regime , but Zemun remained under direct German rule. During this time the Sajmište concentration camp was established, where over 20000 Jews, Romani and opponents of the Nazi regime died. After 1945 Zemun was administratively divided into

2291-527: The Great War Island. In an article "Cloud over the Great War Island", Aleksandar Milenković, member of the Academy of Architecture of Serbia, opposed the motion. He expressed fear that having in mind the "synchronous ad hoc decisions of the administration", the reaction should be prompt as the seemingly benign idea is actually a strategically disastrous enterprise (concerning the protected wildlife on

2370-1010: The Lyceum and the Grande école (from 1862 deputy, and professor from 26 September 1863 to 1893); dean of the Technical Department of the Grande école (1868); rector of the Grande école (1885/1886 and 1891/92); regular member of the Serbian Academic Society ; honorary member of the Serbian Royal Academy (1892); Minister of Construction of Serbia (from 9 August 1891 to 8 March 1893); and Deputy Minister of Education and Church Affairs (from 26 December 1892 to 4 January 1893). Kosta Alković did not write textbooks or scientific papers, but he still followed scientific and technical achievements and tried to improve

2449-707: The Minister of Construction from August 21, 1892, to March 20, 1893, in the government of Jovan Avakumović , he was awarded the Order of Saint Sava . He later served as an adviser to the Serbian government. He was highly decorated for his participation in the Serbian-Turkish wars of 1876-1878 . In February 1870, he became a regular member of the Serbian Academic Society, and served as secretary of

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2528-453: The Romans had built them, they referred to the corridors as the "Roman" ones. After World War II , as the city rapidly urbanized, the new settlers were unaware of the lagums, especially the largest one, which covered an area of 450 m (4,800 sq ft) on Ćukovac. As there was no sufficient sewage system at that time, they built septic tanks and collected rainwater , but also as

2607-418: The already existing stations Zemun and Zemun Polje, on the area of 35 ha (86 acres). Revitalization of the existing 6 km (3.7 mi) of tracks and 14,500 m (156,000 sq ft) of buildings will be followed by the construction of the 17 km (11 mi) of new tracks and additional 18,800 m (202,000 sq ft) of edifices. Deadline is also 2 years, but the works will start at

2686-413: The city actually wanted to demolish the bridge completely and build a new one. Citizens protested while the experts rejected the reasons named by the authorities, adding that it is a mere money throwing on the unnecessary project. Mali said that the old bridge will not be demolished but moved, and that citizens will decide where, but he gave an idea to move it to Zemun, as the permanent pedestrian bridge to

2765-532: The confluence of the Sava and the Danube placed it in the center of the continued border wars between the Habsburg and the Ottoman empires. The Treaty of Belgrade of 1739 finally fixed the border, the Military Frontier was organized in the region in 1746, and the town of Zemun was granted the rights of a military commune in 1749. In 1754, the population of Zemun included 1,900 Eastern Orthodox Christians , 600 Catholics , 76 Jews , and about 100 Romani . In 1777,

2844-508: The construction workers triggered one which killed four of them. A 225 m (738 ft) long lagum, which was explored by 2001, is located right below the place where the tragedy happened. So far, 76 long corridors have been discovered, with many smaller ones. The longest of them is 96 metres (315 ft) long and the total explored length is 1,925 m (6,316 ft). They cover an area of 4,882 m (52,550 sq ft). Many have collapsed during time, as they are not being kept since

2923-673: The county was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar , a separate crown land of the Austrian Empire , formally becoming part of the Neusatz District from 1854; the western part around Vukovar passed to the Slavonian Osijek County . After 1860, Syrmia County was established again, and was reincorporated into the Kingdom of Slavonia, which was a completely separate Habsburg province at

3002-455: The division of Yugoslavia into banovinas by king Alexander I on October 3, 1929. On April 1, 1934, the municipality itself was absorbed into the municipality of Belgrade, so the post of the president of the municipality of Zemun was abolished and "Zemun section administrator" was appointed to the Belgrade's city government. Between 1941 and 1944 it was occupied by the German army as part of

3081-556: The east) and Vukovar (in the west). Syrmia County was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages . This area was taken by the Ottoman Empire in 1521 and the two counties were abolished. The territory was then (in 1544) included into Ottoman Sanjak of Syrmia . The Habsburg monarchy took one part of Syrmia from the Ottomans in 1688, while the other part was taken by Habsburgs in 1718. The entire region

3160-465: The end of 2018. This means that the planned Belgrade railway junction won't be finished before 2021, at best. However, minister for transportation, Zorana Mihajlović , in December 2017 gave conflicting deadlines. For the Zemun station, she said that it should be finished by the end of 2018, even though, as of January 2018, non of the works have started. Batajnica Airbase with a limited civil traffic

3239-820: The following religious communities: Total: In 1910, the county had a population of 414,234 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities: Total: According to the census of 1910, the county was composed of the following religious communities: Total: In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Syrmia county were: The towns of Vukovar , Ilok , Vinkovci , and Županja are currently in Croatia , in Vukovar-Syrmia county . The towns of Šid , Ruma , Irig , Mitrovica (Sremska Mitrovica), Stara Pazova , Sremski Karlovci and Petrovaradin are currently in Serbia ( Vojvodina province). Zemun

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3318-461: The fossil earth. The horizons developed during the warmer intervals of the glacials . Loess cliff is estimated to be 500,000 years old. The vertical cliff is 30 to 40 m (98 to 131 ft) high, it is exposed and barren, and the protected area covers 72 ares (78,000 sq ft). It was described for the first time in 1920 by Vladimir Laskarev. Another exposed section of the same loess ridge, Kapela ridge in Batajnica, has also been protected as

3397-502: The grid. The tales of lagums connecting Zemun with the bank of the Danube, neighboring Bežanija, the Roman well in the Belgrade Fortress and the other parts of Belgrade across the Sava, became a commonplace in Zemun's and Belgrade's urban mythology. Older myths even included various monsters dwelling below. Still, there is a historically confirmed story of the house of Živojin Vukojčić, Interbellum industrialist. His son, Dragi Vukojčić, built

3476-506: The island). He also suspects that the administration in this case, just as in all previous ones, will neglect the numerous theoretical and empirical guidelines. In 2014 the government set the locality of the former port as the future revitalized port area. In April 2018 it was announced that the pier for the touristic ships and cruisers will be built on the quay, constructed near the Old Port Authority ( Stara Kapetanija ) where

3555-454: The lagums at least as early as 1,700 years ago, using them mostly as the food storages, but later were also used for supply and eventual hiding and evacuation. In the previous centuries, settlers left many vertical shafts which ventilated the lagums, drying the loess and keeping it compact. The loess is useful for this: it is strong, durable, and easy to be dug through. However, it turns into sand when mixed with water. The average temperature in

3634-403: The lagums during the police Operation Sabre , after they assassinated prime minister Zoran Đinđić on 12 March 2003. In the 21st century, the stories of mythical creatures are replaced with those of criminals, smugglers, drug addicts and homeless people. The lagums remained an important part of the local Zemun identity, preserving the spirit of the town and personal memories. For generations of

3713-546: The lagums is 16 °C (61 °F) Though used by the local population as food storages, during the Ottoman period , the Turkish administration did not commonly use them. After the Austrians acquired Zemun, they used the underground to store ammunition. In this period, the myths of the entire grid of underground corridors connecting Zemun and Belgrade under the Sava river originated. However, historians dispute this as, though

3792-407: The largest lagum. Altogether, 22 drillings were made and 779 m (27,500 cu ft) of concrete were poured into the lagum, filling it until the ground was stabilized, but the lagum was destroyed in the process. Still, the situation is critical after almost every downpour. On 29 September 2011, while constructing the supporting wall which was to prevent landslide in the section of Kalvarija,

3871-482: The largest territorial expansion of Zemun (438 km ). However, on November 24, 2003, Belgrade City assembly voted to re-create the municipality of Surčin, but it remained under the administration of Zemun until November 3, 2004, when separate municipal government was established after the local elections. A motion for Batajnica to split from Zemun too was active for a while in the early 2000s (see List of former and proposed municipalities of Belgrade ). Presidents of

3950-424: The local boys, descending into the lagums, wandered through them and stayed below as long as possible, which was of a coming of age ritual. Even the name, Zemun, comes from the words zemlja (earth) or zemunica ( dug out ). The municipality has only two official settlements: Belgrade (Zemun), which is part of the urban Belgrade city proper ( uža teritorija grada ; statistically classified as Belgrade-part ) and

4029-479: The most populous neighborhoods of Belgrade, population of the municipality had a steady growth since World War II . According to the 2022 census, the urban population of Zemun was 166,049, while the municipality had 177,908 inhabitants. The ethnic structure of the municipality, according to 2022 census: The municipality of Zemun became part of the Belgrade City Area ( Teritorija grada Beograda ) with

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4108-410: The municipality: Administrator of the Zemun section: German mayors: Partisan military administrator: Presidents of the municipal assembly: Presidents of the municipality: Zemun is one of the most developed municipalities of Belgrade, with developed industries in almost every branch. Zemun has two large and still growing industrial zones, one located along the highway and the other one along

4187-467: The nearby Serbian Despotate fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1459, Zemun became an important military outpost. In 1521, the forces of the Kingdom of Hungary , 500 šajkaši (river flotilla troops) led by Croatian Marko Skoblić, and Serbs fought against the invading Ottoman army of Suleyman the Magnificent . Despite hard resistance, Zemun fell on July 12 and Belgrade soon afterwards. In 1541, Zemun

4266-605: The old Zemun port was located. It is designed to accept ships up to 120 m (390 ft) long and 15 m (49 ft) wide. It is the second international touristic pier in Belgrade, after the one in Savamala , on the Sava river. Construction ultimately began in June 2019 and the slabs from the previous embankment were discovered so as several submerged vessels. The pier was finished on 6 June 2020. Gradual moving of trains from

4345-411: The passages, carving the hills out of the plateau. After massive 1876 floods, local authorities began the construction of the stony levee along the Danube's bank. Levee, a kilometer long, was finished in 1889. Today it appears that Zemun is built on several hills, with passages between them turned into modern streets, but the hills are actually manmade. The Danube bank in the north is mostly marshy, so

4424-581: The physical cabinet with useful literature, including travel writing. After returning from his studies abroad in Serbia in 1862, he was appointed deputy of the vacant chair of physics at the Belgrade Lyceum , and in 1863 he was appointed one of the ten professors of physics at the Belgrade Grande école which became the University of Belgrade . In addition to physics, he taught mechanics, and from

4503-400: The population of Zemun numbered 1,130 houses with 6,800 residents, half of which were ethnic Serbs , while another half of population was composed of Catholics , Jews , Armenians and Muslims . Among Catholic population, the largest ethnic group were Germans . From this period originates the increased settlement of Germans and Hungarians in the Zemun. While during the Ottoman period Zemun

4582-543: The rest of the city. Additionally, it has no facilities for loading and unloading cars from the auto trains nor was ever planned top have one and this facility is to be a part of the Zemun freight station. Still, in January 2018 it was announced that the Main station will be completely closed for traffic on 1 July 2018, even though none of the projects needed for a complete dislocation of the railway traffic are finished. The Prokop

4661-472: The right bank of the Danube, where the widening of the Danube begins and the Great War Island is formed at the mouth of the Sava river. Actually, these hills are not natural features. Zemun loess plateau is the former southern shelf of the ancient, now dried, Pannonian Sea . Modern area of Zemun's Donji Grad was regularly flooded by the Danube and the water would carve canals through the loess. Citizens would then build pathways along those canals and so created

4740-787: The road to Batajnica and further to Novi Sad (Galenika, Goveđi Brod, etc.). Industries include: heavy agricultural machines and appliances ( Zmaj ), precise and optical instruments and automatized appliances ( Teleoptik ), clocks ( INSA ), busses and other heavy vehicles ( Ikarbus ), pharmaceuticals ( Galenika ), plastics ( Grmeč ), shoes ( Obuća Beograd ), textile ( TIZ , Zekstra ), food, candies and chocolate ( Soko Štark ), metals ( IMPA , Intersilver ), wood and furniture ( Gaj , Reprek ), recycling ( INOS metali and INOS papir ), beverages ( Coca-Cola , Navip ), chemicals ( Roma ), building materials ( DIA ), electronics, leather, etc. In addition to this dozens of halls, and warehouses are built throughout both industrial zones. The following table gives

4819-534: The same year he also taught elements of meteorology and physical geography at the Military Academy. During his work, he was also the director of the physical cabinet. He celebrated a rare jubilee in 1887 - the 25th anniversary of his professorship at the Grande école . From 1863 to 1892 he was a professor of physics at the Belgrade's Grande école . From 1893, his work was continued by his students and colleagues Djordje Stanojevic and Milan Nedeljković . As

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4898-570: The seasonal pontoon bridge which connects the mainland with the Great War Island during summer. The first bridge over the Danube, Pupin Bridge which connected Zemun to Borča , was completed in 2014. In March 2016, mayor of Belgrade Siniša Mali announced the massive reconstruction of the Old Sava Bridge . However, in May 2017, after the project papers were publicized, it was obvious that

4977-419: The settlements are built further from the river ( Batajnica ) separated from it by hillocks (up to 114 metres (374 ft)). The city of Zemun itself was built right on the bank, 100 metres (330 ft) above sea level . These are points of the Zemun loess plateau, an extension of the Syrmia loess plateau, which continues into the crescent -shaped Bežanijska Kosa loess hill on the south-east. The yellow loess

5056-414: The southern and furthest eastern parts instead passed to the Slavonian Military Frontier (and partially to the Banat Military Frontier 1849–60). The Kingdom of Slavonia was mainly inhabited by Serbs and Croats. In 1848 and 1849, the area of the county was part of the Serbian Voivodship , a Serbian autonomous region proclaimed at the May Assembly in Karlovci . Between 1849 and 1860 the eastern part of

5135-416: The time. In 1867, as a consequence of the Ausgleich between the Austrians and the Hungarians, the Kingdom of Slavonia was incorporated into Transleithania , the half of Austria-Hungary run from Budapest , and in the Hungarian-Croatian Settlement of 1868, it was incorporated into Croatia-Slavonia , a formally separate kingdom within the Kingdom of Hungary , which had a certain level of autonomy and

5214-426: The underground rooms in 1943 as a shelter, but the local myths claimed that he had an entire factory below. Still, when the agents from the Communist security agency OZNA came to arrest him after the war, Vukojčić asked to let him change his clothes. He fled down the lagum to the Danube, and then via boat and a plane, escaped to Brazil. Latest stories include criminals from the Zemun Clan , who were allegedly hiding in

5293-411: The ventilation shafts in time were covered or filled with garbage, it all made the ground wet in the course of several decades. The lagums retained the moist and began to collapse. Eventually, the walls and houses became unstable to the point of breaking façades and walls. In 1988 city authorities finally intervened as the houses began to sink in three streets. Holes were drilled to connect the surface with

5372-445: The village of Ugrinovci (which includes the hamlets of Grmovac and Busije ). Many of the neighbourhoods developed in the last few decades (Altina, Plavi Horizonti, Kamendin, Grmovac, Busije, etc.). There are four local communities in the municipality: Batajnica , Ugrinovci , Zemun Polje and Nova Galenika . They were formed in 2009 after the old ones were abolished in 1996. Urban: Suburban: As Zemun grew into one of

5451-421: The west was built in 1883, and the first railway bridge over the Sava followed shortly thereafter in 1884. The Zemun Fortress was the site of the first shots fired during World War I , when the Austro-Hungarian Army shelled the Serbian capital of Belgrade . Serbian engineers responded by demolishing the Old Railway Bridge over the Sava River , damaging an Austro-Hungarian Navy patrol boat below. During

5530-485: Was a historic administrative subdivision ( županija ) of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia . Croatia-Slavonia was an autonomous kingdom within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen ( Transleithania ), the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary . The region of Syrmia is today split between Croatia and Serbia . The capital of the county was Vukovar ( Hungarian : Vukovár ). Syrmia County shared borders with other Croatian-Slavonian counties of Požega and Virovitica ,

5609-410: Was a separate town that was absorbed into Belgrade in 1934. It lies on the right bank of the Danube river, upstream from downtown Belgrade. The development of New Belgrade in the late 20th century expanded the continuous urban area of Belgrade and merged it with Zemun. The town was conquered by the Kingdom of Hungary in the 12th century and in the 15th century it was given as a personal possession to

5688-400: Was a typical oriental-type small town, with khans , mosques and large number of Turkish population, after becoming part of Austria, the town prospered as an important road intersection and a border city, which boosted trade. The town had a port on the Danube and was a major fishing center. It is recorded that in 1793, a 700 kg (1,500 lb) heavy Beluga sturgeon was caught. In 1816 it

5767-458: Was an official administrative division of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes between 1918 and 1922, and then was transformed into the Province (Oblast) of Syrmia (de facto it was carried out in 1924 ). In 1900, the county had a population of 381,739 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities: Total: According to the census of 1900, the county was composed of

5846-425: Was greatly expanded by mass resettlement of Germans and Serbs in the new town suburbs of Franzenstal and Gornja Varoš, respectively. In the 19th century, Zemun reached 7,089 residents and 1,310 houses. Zemun also became important in Serbian history as the refuge for Karađorđe in 1813 as well as many other people from the nearby Belgrade and the rest of Karađorđe's Serbia which fell to the Ottoman rule. During

5925-481: Was incorporated into the Military Frontier , which was then extended from Western Slavonia , where it stood in 1683, all the way to Transylvania . Syrmia County was re-established in 1745 as part of the Kingdom of Slavonia , a Habsburg province, which was part of both the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia and the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary . This new county did not cover the whole of its later territory –

6004-749: Was integrated into the Syrmia sanjak of the Budin pashaluk . Zemun and the southeastern Syrmia were conquered by the Austrian Habsburgs in 1717, after the Ottoman defeat at the Battle of Peterwardein (5 August 1716) and through the Treaty of Požarevac (German: Passarowitz) became a property of the Schönborn family. In 1736, Zemun was the site of a peasant revolt. Its strategic location near

6083-651: Was marked by political struggle between the city gentry (organized into the Radical Party , Democratic Party and the Croatian Peasant Party ) and the more socialist parties supported by the ethnic Germans . In 1934 two intra-city bus lines were introduced connecting Zemun with the parts of Belgrade, and the general shift of attention towards this issue was supported by the growing Serbian population of Zemun. The Zemun airbases originally built in 1927 were an important geostrategic objective in

6162-664: Was ruled by its own ban . In 1881 the Slavonian Military Frontier was abolished; the Petrovaradin district and part of the Brod district would be merged into Syrmia County by 1886. After World War I , the area of Syrmia County became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 and this was confirmed by the Treaty of Saint-Germain in September 1919. The County of Syrmia

6241-651: Was said to be found in Taurunum. After the Great Migrations the area was under the authority of various peoples and states, including the Byzantine Empire , the Kingdom of the Gepids and the Bulgarian Empire . The town was conquered by the Kingdom of Hungary in the 12th century and in the 15th century it was given as a personal possession to the Serbian despot Đurađ Branković . After

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