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45-579: [REDACTED] Look up katara in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Katara may refer to: Katara (dagger) , a type of dagger from the Indian subcontinent Katara ( Avatar: The Last Airbender ) , a character in the television series Avatar: The Last Airbender Katara Cultural Village , a cultural and commercial complex in Doha, Qatar Katara Pass ,

90-615: A Sufi mystic center under Shaikh Hamid-ud-din Sufi Sawali, a khalifa of Shaikh Muin-ud-din Chisti of Ajmer . At Nagaur Shaikh Khizr settled near the tomb of Shaikh Hamid-ud-din. Fazl's ancestors hailed from Yemen and traced their lineage to Shaikh Musa who had emigrated to Sind some six generations earlier. Abul Fazl's father, Shaikh Mubarak was born in 1506 at Nagaur. Soon after Abul Fazl's birth, Khizr travelled to Sindh to bring other members of his family to Nagaur but he died on

135-647: A book which I had never before seen gave me a clearer insight than any thing I could read. Although I had a special gift which came down upon me from the throne of holiness, yet the inspirations of my venerable father and his making me commit to memory the essential elements of every branch of science, together with the unbroken continuity of this chain, were of immense help, and became one of the most important causes of my enlightenment. For ten years longer I made no distinction between night and day, teaching and learning, and recognised no difference between satiety and hunger, nor discriminated between privacy and society, nor had I

180-407: A congenial helper and my spirit recovered from that ignorance and incomprehension. Not many days had elapsed before his conversation and society induced me to go to college and there they restored to rest my bewildered and dissipated mind and by the wondrous working of destiny they took me away and brought another back. The truths of philosophy and the subtleties of the schools now appeared plain, and

225-494: A dagger sheath, so they were covered in fabric such as velvet or silk . Some katar served as a sheath to fit one or two smaller ones inside. Because the katar's blade is in line with the user's arm, the basic attack is a direct thrust identical to a punch, although it could also be used for slashing. This design allows the fighter to put their whole weight into a thrust. The sides of the handle could be used for blocking but it otherwise has little defensive capability. As far back as

270-590: A few words regarding myself and thus unburden my mind, to refresh this narrative and loosen the bonds of my tongue. In the year 473 of the Jalali era, corresponding to the night of Sunday, the 6th of Muharram 958 of the lunar reckoning (14 January 1551), my pure spirit joined to this elemental body came forth from the womb into this fair expanse of the world. At a little over one year I had the miraculous gift of fluent speech and at five years of age I had acquired an unusual stock of information and could both read and write. At

315-600: A mountain pass in northern Greece Katara (sauce) , a spicy sauce made from chili peppers and Bachacho - Atta laevigata Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Katara . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katara&oldid=1198646929 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

360-399: A smaller blade inside. The Indian nobility often wore ornamental katar as a symbol of their social status. The hilts may be covered in enamel, gems, or gold foil. Similarly, figures and scenes were chiselled onto the blade. Sheaths, generally made from watered steel , were sometimes pierced with decorative designs. The heat and moisture of India's climate made steel an unsuitable material for

405-620: A son), Shaikh Umar and Shaikh Yusuf. Yusuf advised Mubarak to go to Agra and set up a madrasah there. Mubarak reached Agra in April 1543 and on the suggestion of Shaikh Alawal Balawal set up his residence at Charbagh , which was built by Babur on the left bank of Yamuna . Mir Rafi'ud-din Safavi of Inju ( Shiraz ) lived close by and Mubarak married a near relative of his. Mubarak established his madrash in Agra where his special field of instruction

450-432: A total withdrawal from the world. Meanwhile, the wise prince-regnant called me to mind and drew me from my obscurity, somewhat of which I have in its entirety and somewhat but approximately suggested and acknowledged. Here my coin has been tested and its full weight passed into currency. Men now view me with a different regard, and many effusive speeches have been made amid felicitous congratulations evoked. On this day which

495-474: Is a document of history of Akbar 's reign and his ancestors spread over three volumes. It contains the history of Akbar's ancestors from Timur to Humayun, Akbar's reign up to the 46th regnal year (1602), and an administrative report of Akbar's empire, the Ain-i-Akbari , which itself is in three volumes. The third volume of Ain-i-Akbari gives an account of the ancestry and life of the author. The Ain-i-Akbari

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540-605: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Katara (dagger) Having originated in South India, the weapon's earliest name-form was likely the Tamil kaṭṭāri ( கட்டாரி ). It is alternatively known in Tamil as kuttuvāḷ ( குத்துவாள் ) which means "stabbing blade". This was adapted into Sanskrit as kaṭār ( कट्टार ) or kaṭārī . Other regional names for

585-615: Is often referred to as one of the Nine Jewels ( Hindi : Navaratnas ) of Akbar's royal court and the brother of Faizi , the poet laureate of Emperor Akbar . Shaikh Abul Fazl ibn Mubarak was born in Agra in 1551, the son of Shaikh Mubarak. Mubarak was born in Nagaur but had moved to Agra in 1543, his own father, Fazl's grandfather, Shaikh Khizr, had moved from Sind to Nagaur in the 15th–16th century, Nagaur had attained importance as

630-494: Is the established owner who cannot be eliminated by anyone. According to Abul Fazl, Padshah has been sent by God, who works as an agent of God for the welfare of his subjects and maintains peace and harmony in his empire. With respect to sovereignty, Abul Fazl considered it to be present in nature. The king established his sovereignty through his absolute power, he had the final authority in governance, administration, agriculture, education and other fields. According to Abul Fazl, it

675-490: Is the last of the 42nd year of His Majesty's reign (A.D. 1598), my spirit again breaks away from its yoke and a new solicitude arises within me. I know not how it will all end nor in what resting-place my last journey will have to be made, but from the beginning of my existence until now the grace of God has continuously kept me under its protection. It is my firm hope that my last moments may be spent in doing His will and that I may pass unburdened to eternal rest. The Akbarnama

720-443: Is usually cut with a number of fullers. Most katar have straight blades, but in south India they are commonly wavy. South Indian blades are often made broad at the hilt and taper in straight lines to the point, and elaborately ribbed by grooves parallel to the edges. Occasionally the blades are slightly curved. Some blades are forked into two points, and one decorative variation includes a hollow outer blade which hinges open to expose

765-614: The Akbarnama , Ain-i-Akbari , and a Persian translation of the Bible . Abul Fazl was initially appointed into Akbar's court as a military commander serving in Deccan , where he was held in high regard. He was popularly known for his theory Padshahat which stated the established owner, the emperor, could not be overthrown, as he was an agent of God for the welfare of his subjects and maintains peace and harmony in his empire. Abul Fazl

810-452: The 14th-century Vijayanagara Empire . It may have originated with the mustika , a method of holding a dagger between the middle and index finger still used in kalaripayattu and gatka today. The real name of this is "Kidaari" is from the ancient Tamil warfare class of weapons. Kidaari derived from the term "Kedayam Ari" meaning the "Shield Splitter" in Tamil. The name indicates this weapon being used to break shields and armor . The weapon

855-706: The 1580s and 1590s. In 1599, Abu’l Fazl was given his first office in the Deccan , where he was recognized for his ability as a military commander, leading the Mughal imperial army in its wars against the Deccan Sultanates . Akbar also records witnessing the passage of the Great Comet of 1577 . The following is the Abul Fazl's own account of his first twenty years from the A'in-i-Akbari: As I have now recounted somewhat of my ancestors, I proceed to say

900-537: The 16th century, there was at least one fighting style which focused on fighting with a pair of katar, one in each hand. Abu%27l-Fazl ibn Mubarak Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak , also known as Abul Fazl , Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami (14 January 1551 – 22 August 1602 ), was an Indian writer, historian, and politician who served as the grand vizier of the Mughal Empire from his appointment in 1579, until his death in 1602. His notable works include

945-670: The 18th and 19th century, a distinctive group of katar were produced at Bundi in Rajasthan . They were ornately crafted and their hilts were covered in gold foil. These katar were shown at the Great Exhibition of 1851 in Crystal Palace , London . Since then, the weapon has sometimes been mistakenly referred to in English as a "Bundi dagger". The basic katar has a short, wide, triangular blade. Its peculiarity lies in

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990-501: The Maqtubāt-i-Allami contains the official despatches written by Abu'l Fazl. It is divided into two parts. The first part contains Akbar's letters to Abdullah Khan Uzbeg of Turan , Shah Abbas of Persia, Raja Ali Khan of Khandesh , Burhan-ul-Mulk of Ahmadnagar and his own nobles such as Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan . The second part consists Abu'l Fazl's letters to Akbar, Daniyal, Mirza Shah Rukh and Khan Khanan. This collection

1035-457: The age of five he could read and write. His father started teaching him about all the branches of Islamic sciences ( manqulat ) but Abul Fazl could not adhere to conventional learning and he sank in a state of mental depression. A friend rescued him from this state and he resumed his studies. Some incidents from his early life reflect on his brilliance. A dictionary of Ishafani, which had been eaten by white ants came under his observation. He removed

1080-428: The age of seven I became the treasurer of my father's stores of knowledge and a trusty keeper of the jewels of hidden meaning and as a serpent, guarded the treasure. And it was strange that by a freak of fortune my heart was disinclined, my will ever averse, and my disposition repugnant to conventional learning and the ordinary courses of instruction. Generally I could not understand them. My father in his way conjured with

1125-496: The attribution to me of extreme ignorance had passed to that of transcendent knowledge, I had taken objection to ancient writers, and men learning my youth, dissented, and my mind was troubled and my inexperienced heart was in agitation. Once in the early part of my career they brought the gloss of Khwajah Abu'l Qasim, on the Mutawwal. All that I had stated before learned doctors and divines of which some of my friends had taken notes,

1170-475: The good values of different religions and assembled them for the maintenance of peace. He provided relief to people by making them free from bound thoughts. He also justified the views of Akbar by presenting him as a rational ruler. Abu'l Fazl was assassinated in 1602 while he was returning from the Deccan by Vir Singh Bundela (who later became the ruler of Orchha ) between Sarai Vir and Antri (near Narwar ) in

1215-477: The handle which is made up of two parallel bars connected by two or more cross-pieces, one of which is at the end of the side bars and is fastened to the blade. The remainder forms the handle which is at right angle to the blade. Some handles have long arms extending across the length of the user's forearm. The handle is generally of all-steel construction and may be gilded or otherwise decorated. The blade, typically measuring 30–90 cm (12–35 in) in length,

1260-451: The parts that had been eaten and joined blank paper to the rest. He discovered the beginning and end of each fragment and eventually penned a draft text. Subsequently, the entire work was discovered and on comparison to Abul Fazl's draft the original differed in only two or three places. He came to Akbar's court in 1575 and was influential in Akbar's religious views becoming more liberal into

1305-429: The power to dissever pain from pleasure. I acknowledged nothing else but the bond of demonstration and the tie of knowledge. Those who had a regard for my constitution, from seeing that two and sometimes three days passed without my taking food, and that my studious spirit had no inclination therefore, were amazed, and stood out strongly against it. I answered that my withdrawal, was now a matter of habit and custom, and how

1350-500: The religious attitudes of rulers and nobles of those days out of expediency. For example, he was a Sunni during the reign of Sultan Ibrahim Lodi , became a Naqshbandi during the Sur period, was a Mahdavia during the reign of Humayun and a protagonist of liberal thought under Akbar . Shaikh Mubarak's first son, the poet Abu'l Faiz and his second son Abu'l Fazl were born in Agra. Abul Fazl's education began with Arabic and by

1395-487: The rest. In the serene hours of morning, with a little reflection, I discovered the beginnings and endings of each fragment and conjecturally penned a draft text which I transcribed on the paper. In the meanwhile the entire work was discovered, and when both were compared, in two or three places only were there found differences of words, though synonymous in meaning; and in three or four others, (differing) citations but approximate in sense. All were astounded. The more my will

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1440-476: The spell of knowledge and taught me a little of every branch of science, and although my intelligence grew, I gained no deep impressions from the school of learning. Sometimes I understood nothing at all, at others doubts suggested themselves which my tongue was incapable of explaining. Either shame made me hesitate or I had not the power of expression. I used to weep in public and put all the blame upon myself. In this state of things I came into fellowship of mind with

1485-537: The top of the blade to protect the back of the hand. This form is today sometimes called a "hooded katara" but the knuckleguard was discarded altogether by the later half of the 17th century. As the weapon spread throughout the region it became something of a status symbol, much like the Southeast Asian kris or the Japanese katana . Princes and nobles were often portrayed wearing a katar at their side. This

1530-501: The way. Khizr's death and a famine and plague that ravaged Nagaur caused great hardship to the destitute Mubarak and his mother. Despite these hardships, Mubarak's mother arranged a good education for him. One of Mubarak's earliest teacher was Shaikh Attan who was known for his piety. Another important teacher who influenced Shaikh Mubarak was Shaikh Fayyazi, a disciple of Khwaja Ubaidullah Ahrar . Later he went to Ahmedabad and studied under Shaikh Abu'l Fazl Gazruni (who adopted him as

1575-783: The weapon include kaṭhāri ( ಕಠಾರಿ ) in Kannada , kathari ( కఠారి ) in Telugu , kaṭāra ( കട്ടാര ) in Malayalam , kaṭyāra ( कट्यार ) in Marathi , kāṭār , ( ਕਟਾਰ ) in Panjabi , and kirat Dewan language|(chhuiket) in nepal kaṭāra ( कटार ) or kaṭāri in Hindi . The katar was created in Southern India , its earliest forms being closely associated with

1620-497: Was compiled by Abd-us-samad , son of Afzal Muhammad, who claims that he was Abu'l Fazl's sister's son as well as his son-in-law. Abul Fazl in the political sphere was concerned with social stability. In his Ain-i-Akbari, he presented a theory of sovereignty promised on social contract. His divine theory of 'Padshahat', present the concept of royalty. According to him 'Padshahat' meant 'an established owner' where 'Pad' stands for stability and 'shah' stands for owner. Padshah therefore

1665-529: Was completed in the 42nd regnal year, but a slight addition was made to it in the 43rd regnal year on the account of the conquest of Berar. The Ruqaʿāt or the Ruqaʿāt-i-Abu'l Fazl is a collection of private letters from Abū al-Fażl to Murad, Daniyal , Akbar, Mariam Makani, Salim (Jahangir), Akbar's queens and daughters, his father, mother and brothers and several other notable contemporaries compiled by his nephew Nūr al-Dīn Muḥammad. The Inshā-i-Abu'l Fazl or

1710-410: Was engaged, the more my mind was illumined. At the age of twenty the good tidings of my independence reached me. My mind cast off its former bonds and my early bewilderment recurred. With a parade of much learning, the intoxication of youth effervescing, the skirts of pretension spread wide, and the world-displaying cup of wisdom in my hand, the ringings of delirium began to sound in my ears, and suggested

1755-491: Was gifted with a Kidaari during his conquest to Tamil Nadu. A specific type of dagger might have been designed for this, as maustika is described vaguely as a "fist dagger" in the arsenal list of Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak . One of the most famous groups of early katar come from the Thanjavur Nayak kingdom of the 17th century. Katar dating back to this period often had a leaf- or shell-like knucklebow curving up from

1800-449: Was impossible to challenge the king and nobody could share his power. Abul Fazl said that sovereignty was not restricted to a particular faith. As the king was considered an agent of God, he cannot discriminate among various faiths present in society and in case the king discriminates on the basis of caste, religion or class then he would not be considered a just king. Sovereignty was not linked to any particular faith. Abul Fazl promoted

1845-432: Was it that no one was astonished when the natural inclination of a sick man on an attack of illness was averse from food. If therefore my love of study induced forgetfulness, where was the wonder? Most of the current arguments of the schools, frequently misquoted and misunderstood when heard, and abstruse questions from ancient works, had been presented to the fresh tablet of my mind. Before these points had been elucidated and

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1890-450: Was not only a precaution for self-defense, but also meant to show their wealth and position. Mughal nobility would even hunt tigers with a katar. Some modern katar designs may include single-shot pistols built into either side of the weapon. In the 18th century, some traditional katar were refurbished with this innovation. The katar ceased to be in common use by the 19th century, though they were still forged for decorative purposes. During

1935-488: Was philosophy and he attracted a number of scholars to his lectures such as Mulla Abdul Qadir Badauni . He also spent some time in Badaun, holy land of Sufism. The Orthodox group of Ulama criticised Mubarak and accused him of changing his views. Khwaja Ubaidullah, who was brought up in the house of Shaikh Mubarak's daughter, was of the opinion that Mubarak's views changed with the change in the political climate and he adopted

1980-443: Was there found, and those present were astounded and withdrew their dissent, and began to regard me with other eyes and to raise the wicket of misunderstanding and to open the gate of comprehension. In my early days of study, the gloss of Isfahani more than half of which had been eaten by white ants, came under my observation. The public being in despair at profiting by it, I removed the parts that had been eaten and joined blank paper to

2025-518: Was used by many ethnic Tamil infantry units aka "Kaalatpadai". This falls under the "mushtikai" class of Indian weapon system. "Mushti" means the fingers closed and "kai" means arm. A Tamil king would be gifted with a golden Kidari as a token of loyalty from the Kaalatpadai General. It was worn as a symbol of respect by the king to the soldiers who lay down their lives for him in war without any hesitation. Later Chhatrpati Shivaji Maharaj

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