Katharine Gibbs (also Catharine Ryan and Katherine Ryan ) (1863–1934) was the founder of Gibbs College , which became a for-profit institution of higher education.
71-786: Catharine Ryan was born in Galena, Illinois on January 10, 1863, and was the granddaughter of Irish Catholic immigrants. Her father was a successful meat packing merchant who sent her to be educated by two spinsters from New England who provided her with a cultural education. She then graduated from the Manhattanville Convent of the Sacred Heart in New York City. In 1896 Katharine visited her brothers in Helena, Montana , where she met and married William Gibbs,
142-735: A Protestant watchmaker originally from Medford, Massachusetts . The couple eventually settled in Providence, Rhode Island and had two sons before her husband died in 1909 in a boating accident at the Edgewood Yacht Club in Cranston, Rhode Island near their home. In 1910 Gibbs' sister, Mary Ryan, enrolled in the Providence School for Secretaries in Providence, Rhode Island and became an assistant teacher at
213-415: A base there in 1567 called Fort San Juan . Expedition documentation and archaeological evidence of the fort and Native American culture both exist. The soldiers were at the fort about 18 months (1567–1568) before the natives killed them and destroyed the fort. (They killed soldiers stationed at five other forts as well; only one man of 120 survived.) Sixteenth-century Spanish artifacts have been recovered from
284-458: A destination. It is a craft show that attracts thousands of visitors to the area. The once boarded-up Main Street buildings have been renovated since the late 20th century. In 2010, Galena started a campaign called Vision2020, modeled after neighbor Dubuque, Iowa 's Vision 2010. A committee worked on outreach efforts with the community to form a vision of what residents wanted Galena to focus on for
355-464: A dike to prevent city flooding. Galena's Congressman , Leo E. Allen , helped acquire funding for city floodgates which were added in 1951 to connect to the river levee system. Significant recorded floods include: As of the census of 2020 , the population was 3,308. The population density was 736.4 inhabitants per square mile (284.3/km ). There were 2,008 housing units at an average density of 447 per square mile (172.6/km ). The racial makeup of
426-468: A household in the city was $ 45,409, and the median income for a family was $ 53,438. Males had a median income of $ 31,809 versus $ 30,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 24,117. About 5.9% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 7% of those age 65 or over. Galena is the home to the Galena Art Center and
497-547: A large number of specialty shops, restaurants, a brewery, and multiple wineries . Galena's Saint Michael's Church was founded by the pioneer priest Father Samuel Mazzuchelli . The church is named after one of the three Archangels . Opened in 1855, the downtown DeSoto House Hotel is the oldest operating hotel in Illinois. Rooms 209 and 211 of the hotel were used as Ulysses S. Grant's campaign headquarters during his presidential campaign. Future president Abraham Lincoln gave
568-482: A regional ceramic style in the southeast involving surface decorations applied with a carved wooden paddle. By the late 1960s, archaeological investigations had shown the similarity of the culture that produced the pottery and the midwestern Mississippian pattern defined in 1937 by the Midwestern Taxonomic System. In 1967, James B. Griffin coined South Appalachian Mississippian to describe
639-612: A retired colonel in the United States Army , successfully shipped Galena's first boatload of lead ore in 1816 down the Mississippi River. Three years later, Jesse W. Shull built a trading post . The Thomas H. January family, who arrived in 1821 from Maysville, Kentucky , are considered the first permanent American settlers. The next year, the US Department of War assumed control of the mines and leased
710-644: A speech from the hotel's Main Street balcony on July 23, 1856, supporting John Fremont's bid for presidency. Two years later, on July 25, 1858, Senator Stephen Douglas spoke from the same balcony. Other famous guests include Theodore Roosevelt , Mark Twain , Susan B. Anthony , Ralph Waldo Emerson , Horace Greeley , Frances Willard , Elizabeth Cady Stanton , Robert E. Lee , Chief Black Hawk , Millard Fillmore , and Zachary Taylor . General Winfield Scott Hancock stayed in Room 223 for an extended period of time. There are also several resorts and golf courses in
781-585: A tool or ally in long-standing native feuds. In one example, de Soto negotiated a truce between the Pacaha and the Casqui . De Soto's later encounters left about half of the Spaniards and perhaps many hundreds of Native Americans dead. The chronicles of de Soto are among the first documents written about Mississippian peoples and are an invaluable source of information on their cultural practices. The chronicles of
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#1732786635616852-457: A variety of functions. Villages with single platform mounds were more typical of the river valley settlements throughout the mountainous area of southwest North and South Carolina and southeastern Tennessee that were known as the historic Cherokee homelands. In Western North Carolina for example, some 50 such mound sites in the eleven westernmost counties have been identified since the late 20th century, following increased research in this area of
923-542: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Galena, Illinois Galena is the largest city in and the county seat of Jo Daviess County, Illinois , United States. It had a population of 3,308 at the 2020 census . A 581-acre (235 ha) section of the city is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Galena Historic District . The city is named for
994-487: Is believed that the peoples of this area adopted Mississippian traits from their northwestern neighbors. Typical settlements were located on riverine floodplains and included villages with defensive palisades enclosing platform mounds and residential areas. Etowah and Ocmulgee in Georgia are both prominent examples of major South Appalachian Mississippian settlements. Both include multiple large earthwork mounds serving
1065-580: Is home to Galena High School . Galena was the home to nine Civil War generals. Foremost among these is Ulysses S. Grant, who first came to Galena with his wife Julia and children in 1860 to work in the family tannery and leather-good shop. A veteran of the Mexican–American War , Grant was called upon to train a regiment of volunteers raised in Galena when the Civil War broke out in 1861. Through
1136-534: Is now inaccessible to steamboats. The first railroad built in Chicago, the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad , was intended to join the two cities but construction ended in 1853 at Freeport . Trackage between Freeport and Galena was completed by the Illinois Central Railroad in 1854, and later extended west to Dubuque , Sioux City , and Council Bluffs . Galena received national attention in
1207-486: Is now the Midwestern , Eastern , and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 to 1600, varying regionally. It was known for building large, earthen platform mounds , and often other shaped mounds as well. It was composed of a series of urban settlements and satellite villages linked together by loose trading networks. The largest city was Cahokia , believed to be a major religious center, located in what
1278-549: Is one of many tributaries of the Mississippi River . According to the 2010 census, Galena has a total area of 4.167 square miles (10.79 km ), of which 4.16 square miles (10.77 km ) (or 99.83%) is land and 0.007 square miles (0.02 km ) (or 0.17%) is water. Galena is located in the Driftless Zone , an area that was not covered by glaciers during the recent ice ages. This area, which includes
1349-555: Is present-day southern Illinois . The Mississippian way of life began to develop in the Mississippi River Valley (for which it is named). Cultures in the tributary Tennessee River Valley may have also begun to develop Mississippian characteristics at this point. Almost all dated Mississippian sites predate 1539–1540 (when Hernando de Soto explored the area), with notable exceptions being Natchez communities. These maintained Mississippian cultural practices into
1420-710: Is the chronological stage, while Mississippian culture refers to the cultural similarities that characterize this society. The term Middle Mississippian is also used to describe the core of the classic Mississippian culture area. This area covers the central Mississippi River Valley, the lower Ohio River Valley, and most of the Mid-South area, including western and central Kentucky, western Tennessee, and northern Alabama and Mississippi. Sites in this area often contain large ceremonial platform mounds, residential complexes and are often encircled by earthen ditches and ramparts or palisades . Middle Mississippian cultures, especially
1491-400: Is usually divided into three or more chronological periods. Each period is an arbitrary historical distinction varying regionally. At a particular site, each period may be considered to begin earlier or later, depending on the speed of adoption or development of given Mississippian traits. The "Mississippian period" should not be confused with the "Mississippian culture". The Mississippian period
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#17327866356161562-723: The 45th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment , was also brevetted a major general. Ely S. Parker drafted the Appomattox surrender terms of the Confederacy and was the only Native American general of the Union. President Grant appointed him Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1869. John Aaron Rawlins , who served a term as city attorney in 1857, was brevetted in 1865 and briefly served as Grant's Secretary of War . Brevetted brigadier general John C. Smith later served as Illinois Treasurer , Lieutenant Governor , and Grand Master of
1633-790: The Hasinai , Kadohadacho , and Natchitoches , which were all linked by their similar languages. The Plaquemine culture was an archaeological culture in the lower Mississippi River Valley in western Mississippi and eastern Louisiana . Good examples of this culture are the Medora site (the type site for the culture and period) in West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana , and the Anna , Emerald Mound , Winterville and Holly Bluff sites located in Mississippi. Plaquemine culture
1704-753: The Narváez expedition were written before the de Soto expedition; the Narváez expedition informed the Court of de Soto about the New World. After the destruction and flight of the de Soto expedition, the Mississippian peoples continued their way of life with little direct European influence. Indirectly, however, European introductions dramatically changed these native societies. Because the natives lacked immunity to infectious diseases unknowingly carried by
1775-714: The Sioux , first noted lead deposits in the Upper Mississippi Valley . A 1703 French map identified the northwestern Illinois area as mines de plumb . Northwestern Illinois was inhabited by the Sauk and Meskwaki when the French arrived. In the 1690s, French trappers discovered the area and began mining the lead. However, conflicts with the Sioux prevented large-scale mining until Julien Dubuque's Mines opened across
1846-438: The 1860s as the home of Ulysses S. Grant . Following a sharp decline in the demand for lead (which had been the city's chief income source during the early 19th century), Galena's population has dropped from 14,000 in the mid-19th century, to 3,396 in the early 21st century. Galena's official flag was adopted in 1976 to symbolize mining , agriculture , steamboats , and the nine American Civil War generals who lived in
1917-664: The 18th century. A number of cultural traits are recognized as being characteristic of the Mississippians. Although not all Mississippian peoples practiced all of the following activities, they were distinct from their ancestors in the adoption of some or all of these traits. The Mississippians had no writing system or stone architecture. They worked naturally occurring metal deposits, such as hammering and annealing copper for ritual objects such as Mississippian copper plates and other decorations, but did not smelt iron or practice bronze metallurgy . The Mississippian stage
1988-561: The Cahokia polity located near East St. Louis, Illinois , were very influential on neighboring societies. High-status artifacts, including stone statuary and elite pottery associated with Cahokia, have been found far outside of the Middle Mississippian area. These items, especially the pottery, were also copied by local artists. The term South Appalachian Province was originally used by W. H. Holmes in 1903 to describe
2059-598: The Cherokee homeland. The Caddoan Mississippian area, a regional variant of the Mississippian culture, covered a large territory, including what is now eastern Oklahoma , western Arkansas , northeastern Texas , and northwestern Louisiana . Archaeological evidence has led to a scholarly consensus that the cultural continuity is unbroken from prehistory to the present, and that the Caddo and related Caddo language speakers in prehistoric times and at first European contact are
2130-540: The Europeans, such as measles and smallpox , epidemics caused so many fatalities that they undermined the social order of many chiefdoms. Some groups adopted European horses and changed to nomadism . Political structures collapsed in many places. At Joara , near Morganton, North Carolina , Native Americans of the Mississippian culture interacted with Spanish colonizers of the Juan Pardo expedition, who built
2201-665: The Galena Arts and Recreation Center. Turner Hall, a 19th-century building on Bench St., has been restored to serve as a performance venue and a popular wedding site. Galena is also home to several historic sites owned by the State of Illinois including the Old Market House, the Ulysses S Grant Home , and the E.B. Washburn Home . The Galena/Jo Daviess County Historical Society also owns a number of historical sites including
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2272-573: The Galena and U.S. Grant Museum and the Old Blacksmith Shop. They are building a new museum building at the site of the Stillman Mansion property. Galena hosts dozens of major events a year, including the annual Halloween Parade which draws thousands of onlookers. Galena is a popular tourist destination hosting well over one million visitors each year. Galena is also popular with Chicagoans, many of whom keep second homes in
2343-568: The Galena area. In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, Galena Main Street was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois) and was recognized by USA Today Travel magazine, as one of AIA Illinois' selections for Illinois 25 Must See Places. John O. Hancock opened the first school in September 1826. The Galena Academy followed in 1832. Galena
2414-468: The United States government controlled leases, after which the lands were put up for sale. In 1839, David Dale Owen made a geologic survey of the region. The Ordovician Galena limestone contained most of the galena ore, and peak productivity occurred between 1840 and 1850. By 1845 Galena was producing nearly 27,000 tons of lead ore annually, and Jo Daviess County was producing 80 percent of
2485-458: The adoption of a comprehensive plan. The plan outlines details on burying utilities, replacing parking with bike lanes and several beautification initiatives. This historic district has garnered the attention of dozens of volunteer groups who work to beautify and increase the utility of the area. As the premier street in the second most popular tourist destination in Illinois those planning Main Street must be focused on balancing new developments along
2556-425: The area. Galena is largely popular as a result of its historic walkable urbanism, a rarity among American cities. 85 percent of the structures in Galena are within the Galena Historic District , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and greatly contributes to the city's popularity. The Old Market House State Historic Site , built in 1845, is a museum of local social history . Main Street
2627-509: The board of trustees. Charles S. Hempstead was elected the first mayor, with 185 of the 356 votes cast. The first US census of the town was also held that year, recording 1,900 inhabitants. Hempstead would serve until 1845. Indigenous peoples of the Americas traded galena with French traders as early as 1692. Julien Dubuque mined the ore in Iowa from 1788 until 1810. From 1807 until 1834,
2698-580: The citizens gave him an Italianate two-story brick house, today recognized as the Ulysses S. Grant Home State Historic Site. He was selected as the candidate of the Republican Party for the 1868 presidential election . Grant was elected and served two four-year terms. He did not return to Galena. Augustus Louis Chetlain , who captained the regiment that Grant trained, was later brevetted to major general. Jeweler John E. Smith , who raised
2769-531: The city was 87.5% White , 0.8% Black or African American , 0.6% Asian , 0.5% Native American , 4.4% from other races , and 6.2% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 10.5% Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the census of 2010, there were 3,429 people, 1,632 households, and 896 families residing in the city. The population density was 819.4 inhabitants per square mile (316.4/km ). There were 1,960 housing units at an average density of 470.0 per square mile (181.5/km ). The racial makeup of
2840-536: The city was 93.6% White , 0.5% African American , 0.7% Native American , 0.6% Asian , 3.7% from other races , and 1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 8.3% of the population. There were 1,632 households, out of which 20.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.1% were non-families. 39.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.9% had someone living alone who
2911-541: The city. It stands at 1,063 feet (324 m) above sea level. Galena has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfa), with cold winters and hot summers. Annual precipitation is about 36 inches, with a distinct peak in summer. Because of the city's proximity to the Galena River, buildings have been threatened on numerous occasions by flooding. Eventually the Army Corps of Engineers built
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2982-429: The city. Until the late 1980s, Galena was a small rural farming community. In 1990, local industries included a Kraft Foods cheese plant, Lemfco Foundry, John Westwick's foundry, and Microswitch, Inc. In the 1980s, Galena Mayor Frank Einsweiler initiated a tourist campaign. Since that time Galena's business district has emphasized its historic assets in the face of suburban development. Such long-standing businesses in
3053-557: The direct ancestors of the modern Caddo Nation of Oklahoma . The climate in this area was drier than areas in the eastern woodlands, hindering maize production, and the lower population on the plains to the west may have meant fewer neighboring competing chiefdoms to contend with. Major sites such as Spiro and the Battle Mound Site are in the Arkansas River and Red River Valleys, the largest and most fertile of
3124-685: The downtown area, including Stair's Grocery, Sullivan's Grocery, Clingman's Pharmacy, the oldest continuously operating pharmacy in Illinois, and Hartig Drug , closed their downtown locations. Clingman's and Hartig's relocated to the outskirts of Galena, while Stair's and Sullivan's closed their doors permanently because of competition. In late 2010, Clingman's joined the Hartig's family and moved their pharmacy to Hartig's Drugs location along Highway 20. The Country Fair in Grant Park has been an attraction that has helped increase tourist traffic to Galena as
3195-477: The evolving understanding of the peoples of the Southeast. South Appalachian Mississippian area sites are distributed across a contiguous area including Alabama, Georgia, northern Florida, South Carolina, central and western North Carolina, and Tennessee. Chronologically this area became influenced by Mississippian culture later than the Middle Mississippian area (about 1000 as compared to 800) to its northwest. It
3266-419: The far northwestern corner of Illinois, escaped glaciation, while almost the entire state was glaciated, nearly to its southern tip. Because it escaped glaciation, this area is known for its hills, valleys, bluffs and considerable exposed rock. Horseshoe Mound is a hill located outside Galena that U.S. 20 winds around before entering Galena. The view from Horseshoe Mound is one of the most photographed spots in
3337-439: The first trustees. Incorporation was approved by the county board of trustees on October 2, and the first meeting of trustees occurred the next day. The 15th Illinois General Assembly (1836–37) codified the trustee election process. A steamboat was selected as the town seal on May 22, 1837. A state law governing local jurisdictions resulted in the town holding its first elections for mayor and aldermen on May 24, 1841, to replace
3408-541: The growth of the city led settlers to encroach on native land claims, as they sought new veins of lead. Following a murder of a pioneer family near Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin , by the Winnebago, Galena closed its mines for safety and European-American residents prepared for war. They constructed forts at nearby Elizabeth and Apple River ; although these were not used during the conflict, the forts provided residents with security and protection. The ensuing Winnebago War
3479-501: The lands out to operators. A large group of colonists led by Dr. Moses Meeker and James Harris arrived in 1823. Steamboat trade began in 1824. The first official lease of the mines on behalf of the US government was dated September 30, 1822 and made to James Johnson , brother of US Senator Richard Mentor Johnson . Martin Thomas, appointed by the government in 1824 to oversee mine leases,
3550-583: The lead in the United States. In 1852, the region produced 87 percent of the American output, and 10 percent of the world's, with pollutants from Galena's industry found as far away as Lake Matoaka in Tidewater Virginia . Once one of the most important cities in the state, Galena was a hub on the Mississippi River between St. Louis and St. Paul . Due to erosion, the Galena River
3621-750: The majority of the American Indian nations living in this region when European trade began. The historic and modern day American Indian nations believed to have descended from the overarching Mississippian culture include: the Alabama , Apalachee , Arikara , Caddo , Chickasaw , Catawba , Choctaw , Muscogee Creek , Guale , Hitchiti , Ho-Chunk , Houma , Iowa , Kansa , Koroas , Missouria , Mobilian , Natchez , Omaha , Osage (possibly), Otoe , Pawnee , Ponca , Quapaw (possibly), Seminole (broad origins), Taensas , Tunicas , Yamasee , Yazoos , and Yuchi . Scholars have studied
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#17327866356163692-512: The many Caddoan languages . These languages once had a broad geographic distribution, but many are now extinct. The modern languages in the Caddoan family include Caddo and Pawnee . Hernando de Soto led an expedition into the area in the early 1540s, he encountered several native groups now thought to have been Caddoan. Composed of many tribes, the Caddo were organized into three confederacies,
3763-404: The mineral galena , which was in the ore that formed the basis for the region's early lead mining economy. Native Americans , primarily Meskwaki , Ho-Chunk , Sauk , and Menominee had mined galena in the area for more than a thousand years before European Americans settled in the area. Owing to these deposits, Galena was the site of the first major mineral rush in the United States. By 1828,
3834-632: The most important lead ore . Native Americans mined the ore for use in burial rituals. The Havana Hopewell first traded galena in the area during the Middle Woodland period (c. 1–400 CE). However, the use of galena in the Havana territory is uncertain; very little has been identified in burial mounds. During the Mississippian period (900–1500 CE), galena saw use as body paint . In 1658 French explorers, probably via contact with
3905-409: The next decade: five major concepts have been supported. In 2010, the 32nd annual Halloween Parade attendance was estimated at 15,000. In 2011, TripAdvisor listed Galena among its top-ten "Charming Small Towns". Galena is located at 42°25′5″N 90°25′53″W / 42.41806°N 90.43139°W / 42.41806; -90.43139 (42.418171, −90.431472) along the Galena River , which
3976-435: The population was estimated at 10,000, rivaling the population of Chicago at the time. Galena developed as the largest steamboat hub on the Mississippi River north of St. Louis . Galena was the home of Ulysses S. Grant and eight other Civil War generals. Today, the city is a tourist destination known for its history, architecture, and resorts. The city is named for galena , the natural form of lead sulfide (PbS) and
4047-509: The records of Hernando de Soto 's expedition of 1539–1543 to learn of his contacts with Mississippians, as he traveled through their villages of the Southeast. He visited many villages, in some cases staying for a month or longer. The list of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition chronicles those villages. Some encounters were violent, while others were relatively peaceful. In some cases, de Soto seems to have been used as
4118-488: The river in 1788. The French named the settlement as La Pointe , and early American settlers adopted this name as "The Point" after the United States acquired the territory in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Early documentation officially records the name as "Fever River" for the wild beans that grew there, an early name for the Galena River . This name did not appear to be widely used. George Davenport ,
4189-471: The school. The school's owner asked Mary if she would like to purchase the school, and Mary and Katharine decided to purchase it together for $ 1,000 with Mary teaching and Katharine serving as an administrator. They changed the curriculum to focus on secretarial training rather than stenography and experienced great expansion at the time of World War I when many men left jobs to fight in the War. Gibbs expanded
4260-492: The schools to create a branch near every major Ivy League university, expanding to Boston by 1917 and to New York by 1918. After her death in 1934, Katharine's youngest son, Gordon Gibbs, served as President and expanded the school to other cities. Gibbs was inducted into the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame in 1983. This biography of an American academic administrator born in 1860–1869
4331-477: The site, marking the first European colonization in the interior of what became the United States. By the time more documentary accounts were being written, the Mississippian way of life had changed irrevocably. Some groups maintained an oral tradition link to their mound-building past, such as the late 19th-century Cherokee . Other Native American groups, having migrated many hundreds of miles and lost their elders to diseases, did not know their ancestors had built
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#17327866356164402-530: The state Masonic order . Gunsmith Jasper A. Maltby was promoted to brigadier general at the Siege of Vicksburg . John Duerr was brevetted in 1865, and later was a successful merchant in Monticello, Iowa . William R. Rowley was brevetted in 1865, and later became a county judge. Mississippian culture The Mississippian culture were collections of Native American societies that flourished in what
4473-468: The support of local congressman Elihu B. Washburne , Grant became Galena's first general when promoted by Abraham Lincoln on May 17, 1861. Washburne later served a brief stint as Grant's Secretary of State and then as Minister to France . Victories at Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain prompted Lincoln to promote Grant to lieutenant general on March 3, 1864, giving him command of all Union Armies . Grant returned victorious to Galena in 1865 and
4544-517: The waterway, and the transition to commercial stores with the charm provided by natural areas and long standing businesses. Trolley Cars follow parade routes north and south on Main Street and connect shopping to parks and wineries. The town is home to several wineries in the Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA . In the area, there are 450 vineyards and 100 wineries available to visit. Main Street in downtown Galena has
4615-525: The waterways in the Caddoan region, where maize agriculture would have been the most productive. The sites generally lacked wooden palisade fortifications often found in the major Middle Mississippian towns. Living on the western edge of the Mississippian world, the Caddoans may have faced fewer military threats from their neighbors. Their societies may also have had a somewhat lower level of social stratification . The Caddoan people were speakers of one of
4686-449: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.05 and the average family size was 2.71. In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.5% under the age of 19, 4.2% from 20 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 29.5% from 45 to 64, and 24.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males. The median income for
4757-404: Was commissioned to survey the mines in 1826. The name "Galena" was purportedly proposed during a town meeting that year; rejected names included Jackson, Harrison, and Jo Daviess. After Thomas platted the town, starting in June 1827, settlers could lease plots from the government. The land remained in government possession until the leasing system was eased out in 1836–37. When Jo Daviess County
4828-449: Was contemporaneous with the Middle Mississippian culture at the Cahokia site near St. Louis , Missouri. It is considered ancestral to the Natchez and Taensa Peoples. Although the Mississippian culture was heavily disrupted before a complete understanding of the political landscape was written down, many Mississippian political bodies were documented and others have been discovered by research. Mississippian peoples were ancestral to
4899-441: Was founded in 1827, Galena was named its county seat. This established the first courts in Galena; previous legal proceedings were heard in front of the Superintendent of Lead Mines. 21 million pounds of lead were mined in Galena from 1825 to 1828, and the population skyrocketed in that time from 200 to 10,000. Local native tribes, then mostly Meskwaki and Ho-Chunk, permitted settlers to mine in established areas in Galena. However,
4970-448: Was little more than a skirmish, but as a result, the US annexed more lands near the city in the resulting 1829 Treaty of Prairie du Chien which they forced on the Winnebago. A meeting of townspeople on February 1, 1830, established the first fire department. At a town meeting at the county courthouse on September 7, 1835, sixty-five residents approved a motion for incorporation as a town. Eight days later, five individuals were elected as
5041-418: Was one of the first in the state to require architectural review of exterior building modifications. Zoning restrictions against wood-structure buildings contributed to the prevalence of brick buildings. All along Main Street the architectural style and historic feel create a unique atmosphere. Efforts to improve the existing infrastructure while preserving the character of this neighborhood continued in 2003 with
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