139-495: Kaththi ( transl. Knife ) is a 2014 Indian Tamil -language action drama film written and directed by AR Murugadoss . It is produced by Subaskaran Allirajah 's Lyca Productions . The film stars Vijay in dual roles, alongside Samantha , Neil Nitin Mukesh , Tota Roy Chowdhury , Sathish , Sudip Mukherjee , Rama , and Jeeva Ravi . In the film, a petty thief assumes the identity of his lookalike and attempts to lead
278-511: A dual role (also being planned as a multi-starrer ), and a sequel to Thuppakki . Later, Vijay chose the second script and asked Murugadoss to work on the project. Ayngaran International was reported to produce the film, whose shooting has been planned to begin in late-2013, after Vijay completing the shooting for Jilla , and Murugadoss' completion on the Hindi remake of Thuppakki , titled Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty . The project
417-468: A lexical root to which one or more affixes are attached. Most Tamil affixes are suffixes . Tamil suffixes can be derivational suffixes, which either change the part of speech of the word or its meaning, or inflectional suffixes, which mark categories such as person , number , mood , tense , etc. There is no absolute limit on the length and extent of agglutination , which can lead to long words with many suffixes, which would require several words or
556-424: A "message" film made in a mainstream format" and the enormous success of the film "coupled with the general public mood (on social media especially) after the jallikattu protests of 2017 , which have made the "farmer sentiment" so popular on screen". The soundtrack and film score are composed by Anirudh Ravichander, in his first collaboration with Vijay and Murugadoss. Before signing the project, Anirudh had composed
695-484: A , as with other Indic scripts . This inherent vowel is removed by adding a tittle called a puḷḷi , to the consonantal sign. For example, ன is ṉa (with the inherent a ) and ன் is ṉ (without a vowel). Many Indic scripts have a similar sign, generically called virama , but the Tamil script is somewhat different in that it nearly always uses a visible puḷḷi to indicate a 'dead consonant' (a consonant without
834-759: A 2001 survey, there were 1,863 newspapers published in Tamil, of which 353 were dailies. Tamil is the primary language of the majority of the people residing in Tamil Nadu , Puducherry , (in India) and in the Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka . The language is spoken among small minority groups in other states of India which include Karnataka , Telangana , Andhra Pradesh , Kerala , Maharashtra , Gujarat , Delhi , Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India and in certain regions of Sri Lanka such as Colombo and
973-459: A ban on the film, stating that the film promoted the economic and political interests of Sri Lanka. The students were willing to reconsider their position on the film if Lyca Productions formally withdrew as producer. In August 2014, directors Seeman and Vikraman showed support for the film. Despite clarifications, as many as 65 Tamil groups came together to oppose the film, leading to speculations regarding Lyca stepping down as producer and handing
1112-399: A big Bollywood star for a remake, for the knife was bang on target". S. Saraswathi of Rediff stated, " Kaththi attempts to highlight the pathetic condition of farmers, whose lives are being destroyed by callous multinational corporations" and rated it 3/5 as well. Baradwaj Rangan of The Hindu wrote "The ideas are snappy – the reveal of the person injured in a shootout; the identity of
1251-549: A couple of television reporters – but the staging is shockingly flat." Writing for India Today , Haricharan Pudipeddi gave 2.5 out of 5 and summarised "Kaththi is a commercial film and naturally audiences except some heroism, action and romance in it. But here Murugadoss has portrayed his hero as a messiah, a man of the masses willing to even sacrifice his life." Ananda Vikatan rated the film 42 out of 100. Anupama Subramanian of Deccan Chronicle gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and stated, "Vijay as Kathiresan in an author backed role does
1390-519: A family of around 26 languages native to the Indian subcontinent . It is also classified as being part of a Tamil language family that, alongside Tamil proper, includes the languages of about 35 ethno-linguistic groups such as the Irula and Yerukula languages (see SIL Ethnologue ). The closest major relative of Tamil is Malayalam ; the two began diverging around the 9th century CE. Although many of
1529-590: A group of goons, which was similar to the coin fight scene in the film, and the instrumental theme "The Sword of Destiny" was mimicked in the background. Jai's character in the film was named Jeevandhanam, similar to one of the characters played by Vijay. The extended press conference scene featured in the film was spoofed in Tamizh Padam 2 (2018). Tamil language Sri Lanka Singapore Malaysia Canada and United States Tamil ( தமிழ் , Tamiḻ , pronounced [t̪amiɻ] )
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#17327763348641668-547: A hospital, and Kathir decides to impersonate Jeeva to avoid the police. Under Jeeva's name, Kathir and Ravi enter a retirement home run by Jeeva, planning to steal ₹ 25 lakh (equivalent to ₹ 40 lakh or US$ 48,000 in 2023) for their Bangkok trip until Kathir learns about Jeeva's mission. Jeeva was a communist ideologue and post-graduate in hydrology from the arid village of Thanoothu in Tirunelveli district who had discovered groundwater under some lands of
1807-402: A large scale along the stretch of Uzhakkudi. Banana and Beetel cultivation is more prominent in villages like Aarumugamanagalam and Yeral. Also vegetables like tomato, chillies, brinjal, lady's finger, beans are cultivated in village of Uzhakkudi. Summers are made use to cultivate cotton on a smaller scale. Main business of this area is dry chilly, cholam, cumbu, wood charcoal, etc. With 35% share,
1946-544: A letter to Murugadoss on late-October, claiming that his story was used in the film without permission. Since, there was no favourable reply from the director, he filed a case in the Thanjavur High Court against Vijay, Murugadoss, Lyca Productions and the cinematographer George C. Williams. The case went on for four years, and since there was no development, Anbu with his family, subjected to a 10-day hunger strike from 31 October to 10 November 2018, and also filed
2085-628: A lifetime business of over A$ 194,341 in Australia and became the highest grossing Tamil film of the year there. The film made approximately $ 1.86 million in Malaysia and emerged as the third highest Tamil grosser there. Kaththi received generally positive reviews from critics. A critic from Sify gave it 4 out of 5 and stated, "the movie is a well made entertainer with a powerful message". M. Suganth of The Times of India gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, " Kaththi will definitely be picked up by
2224-601: A major 30-day schedule at Rajahmundry and Begumpet . After a break for two-weeks, shooting resumed on 13 March in Hyderabad with another song being shot at Ramoji Film City . A climax sequence featuring Vijay and Neil, made at a cost of ₹ 10 million (US$ 120,000) was shot at Nellore in mid-April. The film was then shot in Pushpa Gardens in Chennai, where a huge set which costed around ₹ 12.5 million (US$ 150,000)
2363-423: A neat job to satiate his fans playing his role packing with punches, humor, romance, right emotions and of course his forte – breezy dance movements. Vijay’s lengthy speech with the press towards the end earns lot of appreciation. On the contrary, the director has etched a weak characterization for Jeevanandham, who fights for a cause, but beyond that he is projected neither brainy nor brawny. Murugadoss brings to
2502-651: A nomination for Best Social Awareness at the Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards , but it lost to Sigaram Thodu (2014). The film's Telugu remake was eventually planned by few distributors before the release, but in November 2014, the distributor B. Madhu had claimed that there will not be a Telugu remake of this film. In April 2015, plans for adapting the film in Telugu-language eventually processed with N. T. Rama Rao Jr. playing
2641-607: A number of apparent Tamil loanwords in Biblical Hebrew dating to before 500 BCE, the oldest attestation of the language. Old Tamil is the period of the Tamil language spanning the 3rd century BCE to the 8th century CE. The earliest records in Old Tamil are short inscriptions from 300 BCE to 700 CE. These inscriptions are written in a variant of the Brahmi script called Tamil-Brahmi . The earliest long text in Old Tamil
2780-671: A number of skeletons were found buried in earthenware urns dating from at least 696 BCE in Adichanallur . Some of these urns contained writing in Tamil Brahmi script, and some contained skeletons of Tamil origin. Between 2017 and 2018, 5,820 artifacts have been found in Keezhadi . These were sent to Beta Analytic in Miami , Florida , for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) dating. One sample containing Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions
2919-518: A number of sound changes, in particular, a tendency to lower high vowels in initial and medial positions, and the disappearance of vowels between plosives and between a plosive and rhotic. Contact with European languages affected written and spoken Tamil. Changes in written Tamil include the use of European-style punctuation and the use of consonant clusters that were not permitted in Middle Tamil. The syntax of written Tamil has also changed, with
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#17327763348643058-634: A petition signed by over 100 villagers, which was submitted to the office of Edappadi K. Palaniswami , the then- Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu . In December 2019, the Madras High Court dismissed the proceedings against Vijay, Lyca and three others, saying that "there was no material against them about the allegations of plagiarism and the short film had not been registered under the Copyright Act, 1957 ". Subaskaran Allirajah, chairman of Lyca Mobiles, whose company Lyca Productions co-produced
3197-504: A pooja ceremony in front of the Kalighat Kali Temple , after which principal photography began. A fight sequence was canned in this schedule for 7 days, and later the team returned to Chennai on 10 February 2014, for a song shoot which took place at Chennai International Airport from 14 to 17 February, with special permissions being procured to shoot at the runway. On 20 February, the team headed to Hyderabad for shooting
3336-492: A rebellion by farmers from the latter's village, Thanoothu, and helps them fight against an entrepreneur who exploited Thanoothu's water resources. The film was officially announced in November 2013, and principal photography took place between February and September 2014. Primarily shot across Chennai , it was also filmed in Kolkata , Mumbai , Hyderabad , Rajahmundry , Begumpet , Nellore , and Kadapa . The cinematography
3475-522: A sentence in English. To give an example, the word pōkamuṭiyātavarkaḷukkāka (போகமுடியாதவர்களுக்காக) means "for the sake of those who cannot go" and consists of the following morphemes : போக pōka go முடி muṭi accomplish Thoothukudi district Thoothukudi District is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in southern India . The district was formed by bifurcation of Tirunelveli district on 20 October 1986. Thoothukudi
3614-504: A short film director also claimed the plagiarism allegation, levied against Murugadoss saying that the plot was lifted from his 2013 short film Thaaga Bhoomi , which was selected at the Norway Tamil Film Festival and also won second prize in a short film contest judged by Director Balu Mahendra . He further shared a scene-to-scene comparison of the short film with Kaththi to further substantiate his claim and wrote
3753-647: A small number speak the language. In Reunion where the Tamil language was forbidden to be learnt and used in public space by France it is now being relearnt by students and adults. Tamil is also spoken by migrants from Sri Lanka and India in Canada , the United States , the United Arab Emirates , the United Kingdom , South Africa , and Australia . Tamil is the official language of
3892-490: A steeping growth after the 2017 pro-jallikattu protests and the month-long Tamil Nadu Farmers protest happening in the same year, with film-makers covering the subject to cope with the general sentiments of the public. As a result, several Tamil films based on farming and agriculture were produced in the last few years. Sowmya Rajendran of The News Minute had said that "From 'mother sentiment', films have now moved to ‘farmer sentiment’". In its article to The Hindu , about
4031-610: A subject of study in schools in the French overseas department of Réunion . In addition, with the creation in October 2004 of a legal status for classical languages by the Government of India and following a political campaign supported by several Tamil associations, Tamil became the first legally recognised Classical language of India. The recognition was announced by the contemporaneous President of India , Abdul Kalam , who
4170-463: A variety of dialects that are all collectively known as Brahmin Tamil . These dialects tend to have softer consonants (with consonant deletion also common). These dialects also tend to have many Sanskrit loanwords. Tamil in Sri Lanka incorporates loan words from Portuguese , Dutch , and English. In addition to its dialects, Tamil exhibits different forms: a classical literary style modelled on
4309-438: A vowel). In other Indic scripts, it is generally preferred to use a ligature or a half form to write a syllable or a cluster containing a dead consonant, although writing it with a visible virama is also possible. The Tamil script does not differentiate voiced and unvoiced plosives . Instead, plosives are articulated with voice depending on their position in a word, in accordance with the rules of Tamil phonology . In addition to
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4448-635: Is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia . It is one of the two longest-surviving classical languages in India , along with Sanskrit , attested since c. 300 BCE. The language belongs to the southern branch of the Dravidian language family and shares close ties with Malayalam and Kannada . Despite external influences, Tamil has retained a sense of linguistic purism, especially in formal and literary contexts. Tamil
4587-491: Is bad by nature and not by looks [...] Another thing audiences will find in my character is that I won’t come across as a usual south Indian villain. Thanks to my stylist Rupali, I’ve been made as stylish as Brad Pitt and David Beckham. Since I play a foreign-returned character, I wanted to look like I belong there." — Neil Nitin Mukesh about his role in Kaththi . Murugadoss stated that Vijay will play dual roles in
4726-457: Is based on the dialect of Jaffna . After Tamil Brahmi fell out of use, Tamil was written using a script called vaṭṭeḻuttu amongst others such as Grantha and Pallava . The current Tamil script consists of 12 vowels , 18 consonants and one special character, the āytam . The vowels and consonants combine to form 216 compound characters, giving a total of 247 characters (12 + 18 + 1 + (12 × 18)). All consonants have an inherent vowel
4865-530: Is considered to be an "all-time record for a non-Rajinikanth film in the US" and became the second Tamil-film to gross $ 100,000 besides and surpassing Enthiran (2010). Within five days of its release, the film surpassed the $ 5,00,000 mark. Kaththi became the highest grossing Tamil film of 2014 in US. In France, Kaththi opened with about ₹ 3.1 million (US$ 37,000) which is a new record for an Indian film. The distributor Ayngaran International stated that Kaththi had
5004-401: Is deemed unlikely by Southworth due to the contemporary use of the compound 'centamiḻ', which means refined speech in the earliest literature. The Tamil Lexicon of University of Madras defines the word "Tamil" as "sweetness". S. V. Subramanian suggests the meaning "sweet sound", from tam – "sweet" and il – "sound". Tamil belongs to the southern branch of the Dravidian languages ,
5143-563: Is extensively described in the oldest known grammar book for Tamil, the Tolkāppiyam . Modern Tamil writing is largely based on the 13th-century grammar Naṉṉūl which restated and clarified the rules of the Tolkāppiyam , with some modifications. Traditional Tamil grammar consists of five parts, namely eḻuttu , col , poruḷ , yāppu , aṇi . Of these, the last two are mostly applied in poetry. Tamil words consist of
5282-511: Is found in Tholkappiyam , which is dated as early as late 2nd century BCE. The Hathigumpha inscription , inscribed around a similar time period (150 BCE), by Kharavela , the Jain king of Kalinga , also refers to a Tamira Samghatta ( Tamil confederacy ) The Samavayanga Sutra dated to the 3rd century BCE contains a reference to a Tamil script named 'Damili'. Southworth suggests that
5421-405: Is generally taken to have been completed by the 8th century, was characterised by a number of phonological and grammatical changes. In phonological terms, the most important shifts were the virtual disappearance of the aytam (ஃ), an old phoneme, the coalescence of the alveolar and dental nasals, and the transformation of the alveolar plosive into a rhotic . In grammar, the most important change
5560-409: Is generally used in formal writing and speech. For instance, it is the language of textbooks, of much of Tamil literature and of public speaking and debate. In recent times, however, koṭuntamiḻ has been making inroads into areas that have traditionally been considered the province of centamiḻ . Most contemporary cinema, theatre and popular entertainment on television and radio, for example,
5699-410: Is in koṭuntamiḻ , and many politicians use it to bring themselves closer to their audience. The increasing use of koṭuntamiḻ in modern times has led to the emergence of unofficial 'standard' spoken dialects. In India, the 'standard' koṭuntamiḻ , rather than on any one dialect, but has been significantly influenced by the dialects of Thanjavur and Madurai . In Sri Lanka, the standard
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5838-426: Is named after a social activist, whom Murugadoss was inspired by. Rockline Venkatesh , the producer of Lingaa , denied the connection of the film's script with that of Kaththi . In the film, Jeevanantham, in a single dialogue, illustrates about the basic tenets of communism using idlies . In the press meet scene, the character Kathiresan mentions several political incidents, this included the 2G spectrum case , and
5977-771: Is not always consistently applied. ISO 15919 is an international standard for the transliteration of Tamil and other Indic scripts into Latin characters. It uses diacritics to map the much larger set of Brahmic consonants and vowels to Latin script , and thus the alphabets of various languages, including English. Apart from the usual numerals, Tamil has numerals for 10, 100 and 1000. Symbols for day, month, year, debit, credit, as above, rupee, and numeral are present as well. Tamil also uses several historical fractional signs. /f/ , /z/ , /ʂ/ and /ɕ/ are only found in loanwords and may be considered marginal phonemes, though they are traditionally not seen as fully phonemic. Tamil has two diphthongs : /aɪ̯/ ஐ and /aʊ̯/ ஔ ,
6116-592: Is predominantly spoken in Tamil Nadu , India, and the Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka . It has significant speaking populations in Malaysia , Singapore , and among diaspora communities . Tamil has been recognized as a classical language by the Indian government and holds official status in Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Singapore. The earliest extant Tamil literary works and their commentaries celebrate
6255-409: Is the Tolkāppiyam , an early work on Tamil grammar and poetics, whose oldest layers could be as old as the late 2nd century BCE. Many literary works in Old Tamil have also survived. These include a corpus of 2,381 poems collectively known as Sangam literature . These poems are usually dated to between the 1st century BCE and 5th century CE. The evolution of Old Tamil into Middle Tamil , which
6394-433: Is the district headquarters and largest city of the district. The district is known for fishing as well as pearl cultivation, with an abundance of pearls being found in the seas offshore. Thoothukudi district has many historical sites such as Adichanallur and the ancient trade port of Korkai . Thoothukudi district is situated in the south-eastern corner of Tamil Nadu . It is bounded by the districts of Virudhunagar on
6533-793: Is used as one of the languages of education in Malaysia , along with English, Malay and Mandarin. A large community of Pakistani Tamils speakers exists in Karachi , Pakistan , which includes Tamil-speaking Hindus as well as Christians and Muslims – including some Tamil-speaking Muslim refugees from Sri Lanka. There are about 100 Tamil Hindu families in Madrasi Para colony in Karachi. They speak impeccable Tamil along with Urdu, Punjabi and Sindhi. Many in Réunion , Guyana , Fiji , Suriname , and Trinidad and Tobago have Tamil origins, but only
6672-467: Is when filmmakers milk a societal issue to its maximum potential, to elicit responses from the audience. That is when the problem arises." — Srinivasa Ramanujam, Srivatsan S., Pradeep Kumar and Gautam Sunder of The Hindu , stating about the increase of films with the farmer's issue, being featured as a sub-plot. Kaththi 's success led several filmmakers to direct films based on agriculture and problems faced by farmers. The interest eventually showed
6811-484: The 4th South Indian International Movie Awards and won four awards: Best Film, Best Actor in a Negative Role (Neil), Best Fight Choreographer (Anal Arasu) and Best Dance Choreographer (Shobi). It was nominated in three categories at the inaugural IIFA Utsavam awards, where it fetched the award for Best Music Director (Ravichander), the only win in that ceremony. Among other wins, the film received three Edison Awards and one Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards . It also received
6950-460: The Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards before eventually losing to Sigaram Thodu (2014). In Kolkata , Kathiresan is a prisoner who helps the police capture an escaping prisoner, Vivek Banerjee, but escapes afterwards. In Chennai , Kathir plans to escape to Bangkok with his friend Ravi. However, he drops this plan after falling in love with Ankitha. Later, Kathir and Ravi notice thugs shooting Jeevanandham, who resembles Kathir. They admit him to
7089-465: The Pandiyan Kings for the organization of long-termed Tamil Sangams , which researched, developed and made amendments in Tamil language. Even though the name of the language which was developed by these Tamil Sangams is mentioned as Tamil, the period when the name "Tamil" came to be applied to the language is unclear, as is the precise etymology of the name. The earliest attested use of the name
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#17327763348647228-599: The University of Madras , was one of the earliest dictionaries published in Indian languages. A strong strain of linguistic purism emerged in the early 20th century, culminating in the Pure Tamil Movement which called for removal of all Sanskritic elements from Tamil. It received some support from Dravidian parties . This led to the replacement of a significant number of Sanskrit loanwords by Tamil equivalents, though many others remain. According to
7367-423: The "decade’s top 10 trends in Tamil cinema", editors Srinivasa Ramanujam, Srivatsan S., Pradeep Kumar and Gautam Sunder opined that the farmer's issue is "the hottest sub-genre in Tamil cinema, and has become an easy gateway for filmmakers to package 'valuable' messages". This eventually became a subject of criticism from cinephiles, as the trope being felt "repetitive" and "formulaic" and the commercial factors divert
7506-618: The "message regarding the problems faced by farmers in India". The scene where Kathiresan (Vijay) visualises a floor plan in three-dimensions was parodied by Neeraj Madhav in Adi Kapyare Kootamani (2015) and Sivakarthikeyan in Rajinimurugan (2016). Kathiresan's introduction in the pipeline was spoofed by Vishal in Kaththi Sandai . In the 2017 film Balloon , actor Jai walks with an iron rod to beat up
7645-491: The 11th century, retain many features of the Vaishnava paribasai , a special form of Tamil developed in the 9th and 10th centuries that reflect Vaishnavite religious and spiritual values. Several castes have their own sociolects which most members of that caste traditionally used regardless of where they come from. It is often possible to identify a person's caste by their speech. For example, Tamil Brahmins tend to speak
7784-481: The Indian state of Haryana , purportedly as a rebuff to Punjab , though there was no attested Tamil-speaking population in the state, and was later replaced by Punjabi , in 2010. In Malaysia, 543 primary education government schools are available fully in Tamil as the medium of instruction . The establishment of Tamil-medium schools has been in process in Myanmar to provide education completely in Tamil language by
7923-474: The Indian state of Tamil Nadu and one of the 22 languages under schedule 8 of the constitution of India . It is one of the official languages of the union territories of Puducherry and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Tamil is also one of the official languages of Singapore . Tamil is one of the official and national languages of Sri Lanka, along with Sinhala . It was once given nominal official status in
8062-559: The Kolkata prison. With the help of Vivek, who has heard his story and plans to kill Kathir, he escapes with Vivek's henchmen. Unaware that Jeeva is heading for Chennai with Vivek's henchmen, Kathir attempts to convince the media to bring the villagers' plight to national consciousness. A few days later, at the Madras High Court , the judge declares the verdict in favour of Jeeva and the villagers but adds that Shirag has claimed that certain villagers working abroad have shown their support for
8201-578: The Sriharikota spaceport in the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Thoothukudi was selected as a spaceport due to its nearness to the equator. "A rocket launch site should be on the east coast and near the equator. And Thoothukudi district satisfies that condition", a former ISRO official stated. There are numerous educational institutions, colleges, schools providing education. The Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam
8340-590: The Tamil language, Kannada still preserves a lot from its roots. As part of the southern family of Indian languages and situated relatively close to the northern parts of India, Kannada also shares some Sanskrit words, similar to Malayalam. Many of the formerly used words in Tamil have been preserved with little change in Kannada. This shows a relative parallel to Tamil, even as Tamil has undergone some changes in modern ways of speaking. According to Hindu legend, Tamil or in personification form Tamil Thāi (Mother Tamil)
8479-696: The Tamils who settled there 200 years ago. Tamil language is available as a course in some local school boards and major universities in Canada and the month of January has been declared "Tamil Heritage Month" by the Parliament of Canada . Tamil enjoys a special status of protection under Article 6(b), Chapter 1 of the Constitution of South Africa and is taught as a subject in schools in KwaZulu-Natal province. Recently, it has been rolled out as
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#17327763348648618-521: The actor's first film to cross the ₹ 500 million (US$ 6.0 million) mark worldwide, in a quick-span of time. At the domestic box-office, the film collected around ₹ 360 million (US$ 4.3 million) in Tamil Nadu, ₹ 50 million (US$ 600,000) in Karnataka and ₹ 55 million (US$ 660,000) in Kerala, to achieve a net collection of ₹ 477 million (US$ 5.7 million) in five days. In Chennai city alone,
8757-578: The age of six, constituting 93,605 males and 90,158 females. It has a large numbers of Nadars Thiruchendur , Sathankulam , Thoothukudi , Eral Appanad Maravars ( Kovilpatti , Tiruvaikuntam , Ottapidaram , Kayatharu ), Vellalars ( Ettayapuram , Ottapidaram , Thoothukudi , Tiruchendur , Kovilpatti , Vilathukulam ), DevendraKula Velalars( Thoothukudi , Kovilpatti , Vilathikulam , Ottapidaram ), Nayakars/Naidu (Kovilpatti and Vilathikulam ) and Parathars (Thoothukudi and Tiruchendur). Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 19.88% and 0.28% of
8896-442: The ancient language ( sankattamiḻ ), a modern literary and formal style ( centamiḻ ), and a modern colloquial form ( koṭuntamiḻ ). These styles shade into each other, forming a stylistic continuum. For example, it is possible to write centamiḻ with a vocabulary drawn from caṅkattamiḻ , or to use forms associated with one of the other variants while speaking koṭuntamiḻ . In modern times, centamiḻ
9035-470: The best opening collections in Trichy , Thanjavur , Tirunelveli , Kanyakumari and Madurai . It reported a full 100% occupancy on the film's opening day, despite the controversies, delayed advance bookings and low-key promotions. The film also collected ₹ 19.5 million (US$ 230,000) in Kerala and ₹ 15 million (US$ 180,000) in Karnataka, thereby collecting an estimated ₹ 154 million (US$ 1.8 million) at
9174-530: The biggest opening for a Tamil film in UK since it released in over 70 screens there and also topped the weekend box office in Malaysia. It also has set new records in Singapore grossing over $ 201,408. In the UK box office it grossed £319,310 in 12 days. In Australia, Kaththi collected $ 160,890 and has surpassed the opening weekend collection of Kochadaiyaan ($ 119,597) and Anjaan ($ 107,013) for 2014. The film had
9313-447: The box-office there. The film collected around ₹ 360 million (US$ 4.3 million) in Tamil Nadu, ₹ 50 million (US$ 600,000) in Karnataka and ₹ 55 million (US$ 660,000) in Kerala in five days. After a long run for nine weeks at the Chennai box office, the film netted around ₹ 78.29 million (US$ 940,000). Kaththi completed a 100 days theatrical run on 29 January 2015. The film earned $ 142,805 in its USA premiere on 21 October 2014. It
9452-404: The business link of Subaskaran , the film's producer, with Sri Lankan president Mahinda Rajapaksa , which resulted in Tamil fringe groups protesting against the film. Despite this, the film was a commercial success, grossing around ₹100—128 crore (equivalent to ₹159—204 crore or US$ 20–26 million in 2023), and was remade into Telugu as Khaidi No. 150 (2017). A recipient of various accolades ,
9591-462: The cause for the villagers while still posing as Jeeva. The people of the retirement home and Kathir go to the jury to convince them in their favour, but Kathir starts stating rules and scares the main jury person (whom Shirag had bribed). Kathir then sends a person, disguised as a hairdresser, to Shirag and makes him lay a fingerprint on Shirag's neck. After that, Shirag sends fifty men to kill Kathir, but he defeats them. Meanwhile, Jeeva finds himself in
9730-422: The collections of Velaiilla Pattadhari , Maan Karate , Veeram and Jilla at the Chennai box-office. Kaththi reached the ₹ 1 billion (US$ 12 million) mark in 12 days of its release. The film took a worldwide distributor share of ₹ 620 million (US$ 7.4 million) within twelve days of its release. The film was bought for a record price in Karnataka by a leading distributor, and opened well at
9869-689: The culture associated with the Neolithic complexes of South India, but it has also been related to the Harappan civilization . Scholars categorise the attested history of the language into three periods: Old Tamil (300 BCE–700 CE), Middle Tamil (700–1600) and Modern Tamil (1600–present). About of the approximately 100,000 inscriptions found by the Archaeological Survey of India in India are in Tamil Nadu. Of them, most are in Tamil, with only about 5 percent in other languages. In 2004,
10008-839: The dialect of Madurai , and iṅkaṭe in some northern dialects. Even now, in the Coimbatore area, it is common to hear " akkaṭṭa " meaning "that place". Although Tamil dialects do not differ significantly in their vocabulary, there are a few exceptions. The dialects spoken in Sri Lanka retain many words and grammatical forms that are not in everyday use in India, and use many other words slightly differently. Tamil dialects include Central Tamil dialect , Kongu Tamil , Madras Bashai , Madurai Tamil , Nellai Tamil , Kumari Tamil in India ; Batticaloa Tamil dialect , Jaffna Tamil dialect , Negombo Tamil dialect in Sri Lanka; and Malaysian Tamil in Malaysia. Sankethi dialect in Karnataka has been heavily influenced by Kannada . The dialect of
10147-399: The differences between Tamil and Malayalam demonstrate a pre-historic divergence of the western dialect, the process of separation into a distinct language, Malayalam, was not completed until sometime in the 13th or 14th century. Additionally Kannada is also relatively close to the Tamil language and shares the format of the formal ancient Tamil language. While there are some variations from
10286-548: The district is the top producer of Cumbu in Tamil Nadu. Palmyrah trees are grown mostly in Tiruchendur, Srivaikundam, Sattankulam and Vilathikulam taluks. Jaggery is produced from palmyrah juice; the production of jaggery is the main occupation of the people of Tiruchendur and Sattankulam taluks. Banana and other vegetables are raised in Srivaikundam and Tiruchendur taluks. The district constitutes 70 percent of
10425-594: The district of Palakkad in Kerala has many Malayalam loanwords, has been influenced by Malayalam's syntax, and has a distinctive Malayalam accent. Similarly, Tamil spoken in Kanyakumari District has more unique words and phonetic style than Tamil spoken at other parts of Tamil Nadu. The words and phonetics are so different that a person from Kanyakumari district is easily identifiable by their spoken Tamil. Hebbar and Mandyam dialects, spoken by groups of Tamil Vaishnavites who migrated to Karnataka in
10564-620: The district was declared as the tenth major seaport in India also provides container services. Tuticorin Airport is situated at Vaigaikulam and currently has flights to and from Chennai and Bengaluru . The Government of India is to set up a new Rocket launch pad near Kulasekaranpattinam in Thoothukudi district. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has begun work on its second Rocket launching pad or Spaceport, which will be Kulasekaranpattinam, Thoothukudi in Tamil Nadu. Like
10703-415: The domestic box office. At Bangalore (Karnataka), the film had earned ₹ 10.3 million (US$ 120,000) in the second day of the release (23 October 2014) and another ₹ 15 million (US$ 180,000) in the state, thereby bringing the two-day collections to ₹ 30 million (US$ 360,000). In the extended-five day weekend, the film collected ₹ 710.5 million (US$ 8.5 million) at the worldwide box office, and became
10842-489: The dry tracts of Kovilpatti , Vilathikulam, Nagalapuram Ottapidaram , and Thoothukudi taluks. Cotton is cultivated in Kovilpatti, Ottapidaram and Thoothukudi Taluks. Groundnut cultivation is undertaken in Kovilpatti, Tiruchendur, and Sattankulam taluks. Groundnut cake is being used as manure and cattle feed. Nagalapuram makes its economy to be solely dependent agriculture. Sugarcane and Plantain (Banana) are cultivated on
10981-583: The economy of the district besides providing employment. Thoothukudi hosts industries such as SPIC, Thoothukudi alkaline chemicals, DCW zirconium plant and numerous salt packing companies. Many coal based power plants are at various stages of commissioning. Kovilpatti consists of many small sized industry especially match stick industries. Paddy is the most cultivated crop in most of the villages like Uzhakkudi, Vallanadu, Aarumugamangalam, Palayakayal, Thiruvaikundam , Sattankulam and Tiruchendur taluks. Cumbu , Cholam , Kuthiraivali and other pulses are raised in
11120-610: The encroachment of Pepsi in the banks of river Thamirabharani . In October 2014, a petition was filed against Vijay and Murugadoss regarding the 2G spectrum case, and slammed them for defamation. The complainant R. Ramasubramanian questioned how a film can conclude that all those involved in the 2G spectrum case are corrupt when the case is still being heard in court, adding that the dialogue portrayed all those people in poor light and damaged their dignity. The court however, dismissed those claims later. Sowmya Rajendran of The News Minute called Kaththi as what "Kollywood likes to call
11259-448: The ensuing celebrations. Instead, he surrenders to the police after promising Ankitha, who has fallen in love with him, that he will marry her once he is released. In February 2013, sources reported that A. R. Murugadoss would collaborate with Vijay again, after the success of Thuppakki (2012). The director had pitched three scripts for the film, with the first one being a romantic drama script, an action film which has Vijay playing
11398-502: The entire city itself in the form of newspaper clippings and headlines, just like the advertisement campaign, without an acknowledgement to the makers of the original. Minjur Gopi Nayinar filed a case against Murugadoss, claiming that the plot of the film was copied from his novel Mootha Kudi . In late-September 2014, the court declared the case in Murugadoss's favour, citing lack of proper evidence found against him. Anbu Rajasekar,
11537-479: The factory. If they cannot prove that Shirag faked their support within the next five days, the verdict will go in Shirag's favour. Since the villagers who have denied supporting the factory are abroad and cannot come to Chennai so soon to rebut Shirag's claims, Kathir decides on drastic measures to sensationalise the issue. He, Ankitha, Ravi, and the retirement home inmates block the water supply to Chennai by sitting on
11676-491: The film "set records through box-office and social media". Srivatsan S. of The Hindu called it as one of the "best masala films of the decade in Tamil cinema" and one of the "films with best 'mass' music being featured in the last decade in Tamil cinema". Kaththi which became the first in mainstream Tamil cinema to introduce the concept of "first look" and "motion poster", became one of the "best first looks designed for Vijay's films" according to Times News Network . Kaththi
11815-696: The film along with Ayngaran International , was claimed to have had business links with the President of Sri Lanka , Mahinda Rajapaksa . Murugadoss and Karunamoorthy of Ayngaran International met pro- Eelam leaders – Pazha Nedumaran, director Seeman and Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi's (VCK) Thol. Thirumavalavan — to explain their position regarding the allegation, but the talks proved to be inconclusive at that time. A collective of four student bodies – Maatram Maanavar Ilaiyor Iyakkam, Free Tamil Eelam Students Organisation, Tamil Youth and Students Association, and Progressive Students Front – in Tamil Nadu called for
11954-402: The film netted ₹ 30.1 million (US$ 360,000) in the first week with an average theatre occupancy of 97% and stood in the first position. The second week witnessed an occupancy of 85% in the city and netted around ₹ 53.24 million (US$ 640,000). The film still stood at the number one position in Chennai by the third week resulting in a total collection of ₹ 67.98 million (US$ 810,000). It surpassed
12093-785: The film released on 21 screens. The film released in United Kingdom on 70 screens, and in France on 24 screens. The film released in Sri Lanka , on 28 screens, and in Australia on 16 screens. The film was released in Malaysia on 120 screens, which is highest for a Tamil film at that time. The satellite rights of the film were sold to Jaya TV . Shibu Thameens purchased the Kerala theatrical rights. The theatrical rights in Tiruchirappalli and Thanjavur were sold to T. Siva of Boss Films. Prominent film producer Tagore Madhu acquired
12232-628: The film was nearly completed. Additional filming took place at the Chennai Central railway station . On 4 September 2014, Neil Nitin Mukesh dubbed in Tamil himself for his role and completed his dubbing portions for the first half of the film. The climax sequences were shot in Nellore on 23 September 2014 and talkie portions have also been completed within two days. The song " Selfie Pulla " was shot in Mumbai, with about 100 dancers participated in
12371-543: The film won three out of seven nominations at the Filmfare Awards South , including the Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil . It won four SIIMA (including Best Film) and two Vijay Awards ( Favourite Film and Favourite Director for Murugadoss). Additionally, the film won an IIFA Utsavam and Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards each, three Edison Awards and a nomination for Best Social Awareness at
12510-533: The film would be titled Kaththi and that it was scheduled to be released on Diwali . In June 2014, Murugadoss speaking in an interview, dismissed claims of being a gangster film, and Vijay playing father-son role in the film, and added that the film will be set in Chennai . "There is a tendency for any villain to go over the top while playing a baddie. I have avoided that in Kaththi . I wanted to ensure my character doesn’t go overboard and only appear as someone who
12649-529: The film's 50th day theatrical run. Kaththi was released on 22 October 2014, coinciding with the Diwali festival. The film was released in more than 1300 screens worldwide. The film released in 400 screens in Tamil Nadu, and 200 screens in Kerala, setting a record at screen count. In overseas, the film was released in US in 105 screens, which is considered as the biggest Tamil release in the country, and in Canada,
12788-472: The film, and his character names were revealed as Kathiresan and Jeevanantham. Even before the film was officially announced, Samantha Ruth Prabhu was selected as the female lead in September 2013, whose character was named Ankita. Speaking about her role in the film, Murugadoss stated that "Samantha has exceeded my expectations for the role [...] She always carries a smiling face and bring a lot of energy on
12927-496: The film. Murugadoss replaced his usual music director Harris Jayaraj with Anirudh Ravichander signing for the project. George C. Williams , who worked on the director's production Raja Rani (2013), was signed as the cinematographer. Art director Lalgudi N. Ilayaraja was selected to handle the production design . The film was earlier rumoured to be titled as Dheeran and Vaal . However, in March 2014, Murugadoss confirmed that
13066-407: The first mainstream Tamil film to introduce first looks. He did not use the photograph of actor Vijay in the design, and created a newspaper collage to resemble Vijay's face. The production team were initially sceptical of the idea, but after the release, he was later commended for his creative efforts. Within a week, the motion poster crossed more than 1 million views. The official teaser of the film
13205-407: The following day. On 26 June 2014, the team headed to Kadapa for a 12-day schedule, by July 2014, 60% of the shooting. The final leg of the film began on 1 August 2014 at Chennai. In late August 2014, 15 days of filming, including patch-work and a few fight sequences, remained. Filming moved back to Hyderabad, where the rest of the fight sequences were canned. On 1 September 2014, the second half of
13344-503: The fore critical social issues like farmers suicide, water scarcity, etc, but at times it looks too preachy. Wish Murugadoss could have opted for a tauter screenplay." Kaththi received eight nominations at the 62nd edition of Filmfare Awards South and won three — Best Film , Best Director (Murugadoss) and Best Choreography (Shobi). It was nominated at ten categories at the 9th Vijay Awards , winning two — Favourite Film and Favourite Director (Murugadoss), and seven categories at
13483-432: The hamlet. The villagers could use the water as an irrigation source for the entire Tirunelveli district and the neighbouring Thoothukudi district . However, a greedy entrepreneur Shirag tricked the villagers into giving their lands for factory construction. Jeeva got arrested, and six villagers committed suicide to bring this news to the forefront of the media and get Jeeva released. Moved by Jeeva's past, Kathir takes up
13622-407: The hero with physical power, but with intelligence". He learned Tamil for his role, as he did not want to speak his dialogues without understanding their meaning. Neil had lost weight for the role and modelled his looks to be along the lines of Brad Pitt and David Beckham . Sathish was chosen to play a supporting role. The film was launched in Kolkata on 3 February 2014 by Lyca Productions with
13761-699: The hill country . Tamil or dialects of it were used widely in the state of Kerala as the major language of administration, literature and common usage until the 12th century CE. Tamil was also used widely in inscriptions found in southern Andhra Pradesh districts of Chittoor and Nellore until the 12th century CE. Tamil was used for inscriptions from the 10th through 14th centuries in southern Karnataka districts such as Kolar , Mysore , Mandya and Bengaluru . There are currently sizeable Tamil-speaking populations descended from colonial-era migrants in Malaysia , Singapore , Philippines , Mauritius , South Africa , Indonesia, Thailand, Burma , and Vietnam . Tamil
13900-432: The introduction of new aspectual auxiliaries and more complex sentence structures, and with the emergence of a more rigid word order that resembles the syntactic argument structure of English. In 1578, Portuguese Christian missionaries published a Tamil prayer book in old Tamil script named Thambiran Vanakkam , thus making Tamil the first Indian language to be printed and published. The Tamil Lexicon , published by
14039-461: The latter of which is restricted to a few lexical items. Tamil employs agglutinative grammar, where suffixes are used to mark noun class , number , and case , verb tense and other grammatical categories. Tamil's standard metalinguistic terminology and scholarly vocabulary is itself Tamil, as opposed to the Sanskrit that is standard for most Indo-Aryan languages . Much of Tamil grammar
14178-566: The lead role. In October, it was announced that Chiranjeevi will star in the remake, which would be directed by V. V. Vinayak and his 150th film as a lead actor. It was officially confirmed in December 2015, with Chiranjeevi's son Ram Charan making his debut as a producer, by financing the project under Konidela Production Company . The film titled Khaidi No. 150 , was directed by V. V. Vinayak and released in January 2017. In July 2019, it
14317-565: The main sources of irrigation. Other than the Thamirabarani River , the river Vaipar in Vilathikulam taluk , the river Karumeni which traverses through Sathankulam , and Tiruchendur taluks, Palayakayal are all sources. According to 2011 census , Thoothukudi district had a population of 1,750,176 with a sex-ratio of 1,023 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 183,763 were under
14456-423: The name comes from tam-miḻ > tam-iḻ "self-speak", or "our own speech". Kamil Zvelebil suggests an etymology of tam-iḻ , with tam meaning "self" or "one's self", and " -iḻ " having the connotation of "unfolding sound". Alternatively, he suggests a derivation of tamiḻ < tam-iḻ < * tav-iḻ < * tak-iḻ , meaning in origin "the proper process (of speaking)". However, this
14595-518: The north, Ramanathapuram on the north-east, Tirunelveli on the west and south-west, Tenkasi on the north-west and Gulf of Mannar on the east and southeast. The total area of the district is 4,621 km (1,784 sq mi). There are no large reservoirs in this district so the Papanasam and Manimuthar dams located in the Tirunelveli district in the Thamirabarani River's flow are
14734-537: The old aspect and time markers. The Nannūl remains the standard normative grammar for modern literary Tamil, which therefore continues to be based on Middle Tamil of the 13th century rather than on Modern Tamil. Colloquial spoken Tamil, in contrast, shows a number of changes. The negative conjugation of verbs, for example, has fallen out of use in Modern Tamil – instead, negation is expressed either morphologically or syntactically. Modern spoken Tamil also shows
14873-526: The path of super-stardom, that eventually continued after the success of Mersal (2017), Sarkar (2018) and Bigil (2019). Irrespective of the controversies, the film became a profitable venture for its producers Lyca Productions . The film's success also led Lyca Productions' to become one of the popular film production and distribution studios in Tamil cinema , whose notable ventures include Naanum Rowdy Dhaan (2015), Visaranai (2015), Kolamaavu Kokila , Vada Chennai and 2.0 (2018), which
15012-480: The pipelines. With the plight of Chennai people having gained national attention, Kathir comes out of the pipeline after a few days and highlights the villagers' plight to the media. His speech is broadcast nationwide. Kathir discovers that Jeeva has escaped and is searching for him. Meanwhile, Jeeva and Vivek's henchmen reach Chennai, but Shirag's henchmen kidnap Jeeva. While in Shirag's custody, he sees Kathir's speech on television and feels moved by his efforts to help
15151-508: The popular minute-long advertisement campaign run by a Turkish newspaper, Sabah , to announce their distribution of the New York Times as a supplement. The original advertisement features iconic images of the cities of New York City and Istanbul , designed using news articles and headlines from the newspaper to show the two cities in the form of newspaper clippings. The motion poster of the film showed prominent places in Chennai and
15290-690: The population, respectively, mostly in Ottapidaram . The average literacy of the district was 77.12%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. 50.10% of the population lived in urban areas. The district had a total of 462,010 households. There were a total of 748,095 workers, comprising 44,633 cultivators, 161,418 main agricultural labourers, 17,872 in house hold industries, 433,524 other workers, 90,648 marginal workers, 3,882 marginal cultivators, 39,226 marginal agricultural labourers, 4,991 marginal workers in household industries and 42,549 other marginal workers. Languages of Thoothukudi district (2011) At
15429-475: The reins to another production group. Karunamoorthy, however, again denied that Allirajah had business links with either Mahinda Rajapaksa or his family in any way, further saying that a press meet would be held where all doubts and suspicions regarding Lyca Productions would be clarified and that the film would be released under the Lyca Productions banner. As per Karunamoorthy's statement, a press meet
15568-504: The sets and has added more flavor to every scene." Bengali actor Tota Roy Chowdhury was signed for a pivotal role in the film. According to The Times of India , he was reported to play an international gangster named Vivek Banerjee. In March 2014, Neil Nitin Mukesh was selected to play the antagonist, thereby making his début in Tamil cinema through the film. Neil was inspired by his look in his début film, Johnny Gaddaar (2007). He described his character as one who does not "fight
15707-445: The song sequence. Filming of that track was completed on 30 September 2014, with the filming of the entire film also being completed as a result. Kaththi , deals with the suicide of farmers due to corporate encroachment. The film also deals with several themes such as water scarcity , corruption, communism , the ill-effects of capitalism and industrialisation and problems faced by farmers in daily lives. The character Jeevanantham,
15846-470: The standard characters, six characters taken from the Grantha script , which was used in the Tamil region to write Sanskrit, are sometimes used to represent sounds not native to Tamil, that is, words adopted from Sanskrit, Prakrit , and other languages. The traditional system prescribed by classical grammars for writing loan-words, which involves respelling them in accordance with Tamil phonology, remains, but
15985-466: The theatrical release, the film's posters were branded in the AC coaches of Parasuram Express which travels through Nagercoil to Mangalore via Kerala , and at inter-state buses in Kerala and Karnataka . Post release, two events were held to commemorate the film's successful theatrical run; one being held at Coimbatore on 27 October 2014, and another event at Tirunelveli on 14 December 2014, to coincide
16124-515: The theatrical rights in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana . MM Media, previously known as GK Media, acquired the film's theatrical rights in the USA. Goldie Films acquired the theatrical distribution rights in Karnataka. The film was sold out in all the territories, nine days before the film's theatrical release. The Telugu -dubbed version, which was planned to release along with the Tamil version,
16263-401: The theme music of the film, which was accompanied with the motion poster was released on YouTube on 22 June 2014, coinciding with actor Vijay's birthday. The album was under production from late-2013 and continued until September 2014. The soundtrack album consists of seven tracks, with lyrics written by Madhan Karky , Yugabharathi , Pa. Vijay and Hiphop Tamizha . The album, in its entirety
16402-1230: The time of the 2011 census, 98.97% of the population spoke Tamil and 0.54% Telugu as their first language. Thoothukudi District is divided into three revenue divisions and ten taluks . There are forty-one revenue firkas and 480 revenue villages . The district is divided into twelve revenue blocks for rural and urban development. The twelve revenue blocks are Thoothukudi, Tiruchendur, Udangudi, Sathankulam, Thiruvaikundam, Alwarthirunagari, Karunkulam, Ottapidaram, Kovilpatti, Kayathar, Vilathikulam, and Pudur. The district has one municipal corporation : Thoothukudi ; three municipalities: Kayalpattinam, Kovilpatti and Tiruchendur; eighteen town panchayats : Alwarthirunagiri, Arumuganeri, Athur, Eral, Ettayapuram, Kadambur, Kalugumalai, Kanam, Kayatharu, Nazerath, Perungulam, Sathankulam, Sayapuram, Srivaikuntam, Thenthiruperai, Udangudi, V. Pudur and Vilathikulam and 403 panchayat villages . Thoothukudi Revenue Division : Thoothukudi , Srivaikundam Tiruchendur Revenue Division: Tiruchendur , Sathankulam , Eral Kovilpatti Revenue Division : Kovilpatti , Ettayapuram , Vilathikulam , Ottapidaram , Kayathar The V. O. Chidambaranar Port Trust contributes majorly to
16541-510: The total salt production of Tamil Nadu and 30 percent of that of India. Tamil Nadu is the second largest producer of Salt in India next to Gujarat. National Highway 45B, 7A and State Highways SH-32,33,40,44,75,76,77,93,176 connect to other parts of the State. Government buses connect the district with other parts of state. Thoothukudi and Kovilpatti railway station are the major stations of Indian Railways . V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority in
16680-414: The villagers. On the eve before the verdict, a phone call exposes Kathir's bluff, but Kathir promises the villagers that he will surely help them. He tells them that Jeeva is alive and will rescue him from Shirag. Kathir goes to Shirag's office, rescues Jeeva, and kills Shirag. The next day, the judge declares the verdict in favour of Jeeva and the villagers. Despite the success, Kathir does not take part in
16819-526: The word for "here"— iṅku in Centamil (the classic variety)—has evolved into iṅkū in the Kongu dialect of Coimbatore , inga in the dialects of Thanjavur and Palakkad , and iṅkai in some dialects of Sri Lanka . Old Tamil's iṅkaṇ (where kaṇ means place) is the source of iṅkane in the dialect of Tirunelveli , Old Tamil iṅkiṭṭu is the source of iṅkuṭṭu in
16958-534: Was a Tamilian himself, in a joint sitting of both houses of the Indian Parliament on 6 June 2004. The socio-linguistic situation of Tamil is characterised by diglossia : there are two separate registers varying by socioeconomic status , a high register and a low one. Tamil dialects are primarily differentiated from each other by the fact that they have undergone different phonological changes and sound shifts in evolving from Old Tamil. For example,
17097-404: Was also the first Tamil film that did not contain disclaimer about smoking and drinking, as there were no smoking or drinking scenes being featured in the film. Other films which followed the similar pattern, were Miruthan (2016), Spyder (2017), Thaanaa Serndha Koottam (2018) and Hero (2019). Social media and news articles cited Kaththi as one of Vijay's films that elevated him to
17236-461: Was being removed from the film and its promotional materials, thereby meeting their demands. He also thanked the then- Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu , J. Jayalalithaa for extending the support towards the film's release. Kaththi netted around ₹ 238 million (US$ 2.9 million) worldwide on the opening day of its release (22 October 2014). The film collected ₹ 125 million (US$ 1.5 million) in Tamil Nadu alone on its opening day, and registered
17375-544: Was claimed to be dated to around 580 BCE. John Guy states that Tamil was the lingua franca for early maritime traders from India. Tamil language inscriptions written in Brahmi script have been discovered in Sri Lanka and on trade goods in Thailand and Egypt. In November 2007, an excavation at Quseir-al-Qadim revealed Egyptian pottery dating back to first century BCE with ancient Tamil Brahmi inscriptions. There are
17514-481: Was considered to be the most expensive Indian film to date. "It is not like there haven’t been movies centred around farmers or spoke about their issues in the past. But there are two different aspects to that. If the movie's overall design has a farmer at the centre, like Lenin Bharathi's slightly arty Merku Thodarchi Malai (2018), then there is absolutely no room for doubts over the film’s intent [...] Case two
17653-540: Was created by Lord Shiva . Murugan , revered as the Tamil God, along with sage Agastya , brought it to the people. Tamil, like other Dravidian languages, ultimately descends from the Proto-Dravidian language , which was most likely spoken around the third millennium BCE, possibly in the region around the lower Godavari river basin. The material evidence suggests that the speakers of Proto-Dravidian were of
17792-456: Was erected and most of the indoor scenes were completed in this set. Shooting continued for a 40-day-long schedule in and around the city by 2 June 2014. In between, Murugadoss, took a break to promote his then upcoming Bollywood film, Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty (2014) in Mumbai . After Murugadoss returned to Chennai on 8 June, followed by location scouting, shooting of the film resumed,
17931-416: Was handled by George C. Williams , and the film was edited by A. Sreekar Prasad . The music is composed by Anirudh Ravichander . The film marks the Tamil debuts of Mukesh and Chowdhury. Made on a budget of ₹ 70 crore, Kaththi was released worldwide on 22 October 2014, coinciding with Diwali , and received critical acclaim. Before the film's release, it faced controversies for plagiarism allegations, and
18070-480: Was held on 16 September 2014, where the vice-chairman of Lyca Productions, Premananthan Sivasamy, Subaskaran and Karunamoorthy were present. A statement with a detailed clarification was shown in which it was mentioned that Lyca did not have any business links with Rajapaksa or anyone else related to him, thereby confirming the planned release of the film on Diwali. A meeting with the pro-Tamil groups, with Tamil Nadu Theatre Owners Association, exhibitors and distributors
18209-441: Was held, three days before the release and after a favourable response, the theatre owners officially confirmed the planned release. However, on 20 October, few members from the Tamil groups had damaged the properties and glass panes at Sathyam cinemas and Woodlands Cinemas, which resulted in huge trouble before its release. Later, actor Vijay confirmed that the issues with the pro-Tamils' have been resolved and Lyca Productions' name
18348-446: Was officially confirmed by Murugadoss on mid-November 2013, through his Twitter page. Subaskaran Allirajah , a British-Sri Lankan based Tamil entrepreneur, agreed to become the major investor in the film, by producing it under his newly backed film distribution and production company Lyca Productions . The film eventually became the first production of the company, with Ayngaran International and Eros International jointly distributing
18487-522: Was pushed to 31 October 2014 and later to 21 November. The dubbed version was dropped, in favour of a Telugu remake titled Khaidi No. 150 , which was planned by the producer. The film was also dubbed and released in Hindi under the title Khaki Aur Khiladi . and was released through YouTube in 2017. The film was released in Japan on 1 November 2024. The 41-second first-look motion poster drew comparisons with
18626-436: Was released on 21 June 2014, coinciding with the eve of Vijay's birthday (22 June 2014). The first look featured a still of Vijay being made with a collage of newspaper headlines. The motion poster featured a creative design of prominent places in Chennai, and the entire city itself recreated and draped in the form of news headlines, and the final image, the still from the poster, in the end. According to Prasanna, Kaththi became
18765-440: Was released on 24 September 2014, at the audio launch event held at The Leela Palace Hotel in Chennai. The songs and the film score were widely appreciated; On 28 January 2015, the crew released the film's original background score through YouTube, to coincide with the film's 100-day celebration. Murugadoss roped in creative designer Gopi Prasannaa to work on the promotional materials of the film. The first look and motion poster
18904-409: Was released on 24 September 2014, coinciding with the film's audio launch event. An Android game based on the film was launched during early-October, with the 3D and 2D versions of the game being released through Google Play Store and Windows Store . The trailer of the film was unveiled on 19 October 2014, three days ahead of the film's release, and received a positive response from viewers. Before
19043-484: Was reported that the film will be remade in Hindi as Ikka (2021), starring Akshay Kumar and will be directed by Jagan Shakti. The film expected to begin production in late-2019, was shelved in December 2020, after the co-producer Fox Star Studios exited from the film production in India. Kaththi eventually featured in the list of "Best Tamil Films of 2014" by various publications including The Hindu and Sify . According to Nivedita Mishra of Hindustan Times ,
19182-504: Was the lingua franca for early maritime traders, with inscriptions found in places like Sri Lanka , Thailand , and Egypt . The language has a well-documented history with literary works like Sangam literature , consisting of over 2,000 poems. Tamil script evolved from Tamil Brahmi, and later, the vatteluttu script was used until the current script was standardized. The language has a distinct grammatical structure, with agglutinative morphology that allows for complex word formations. Tamil
19321-451: Was the emergence of the present tense. The present tense evolved out of the verb kil ( கில் ), meaning "to be possible" or "to befall". In Old Tamil, this verb was used as an aspect marker to indicate that an action was micro-durative, non-sustained or non-lasting, usually in combination with a time marker such as ṉ ( ன் ). In Middle Tamil, this usage evolved into a present tense marker – kiṉṟa ( கின்ற ) – which combined
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