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56-439: Katuaq is an L-shaped building with an undulating, backward-leaning screen facing onto Nuuk's central urban space. It is raised above the ground and clad in golden larch wood on both the inside and outside. The screen is inspired by the northern lights . This second skin also creates a contrast to the building proper. Between the perimeter screen and the core building lies the large foyer with three white freestanding elements in

112-890: A cool and fairly humid climate and for this reason they are found in the mountains of the temperate zones, while in the northernmost boreal zones they are also found in the plain. Larch trees go further north than all, reaching in North America and Siberia the tundra and polar ice. The larches are pioneer species not very demanding towards the soil and they are very long-lived trees. They live in pure or mixed forests together with other conifers or more rarely with broad-leaved trees. L. potaninii Batalin L. occidentalis Nuttall L. decidua Miller L. cajanderi Mayr L. griffithii Hooker L. gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. L. kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière L. laricina (Du Roi) Koch L. lyallii Parlatore L. sibirica Ledeb. In

168-466: A girth at breast height of 5.79 m (19.0 ft), average diameter 1.84 m (6.0 ft), and is 30.18 m (99.0 ft) tall. The tallest is 41.15 m (135.0 ft) tall, and has a girth at breast height of 3.35 m (11.0 ft), average diameter 1.07 m (3.5 ft). Both trees were planted in 1948 and measured in 2018. Ecotypic variation has developed in a variety of microhabitats. Three variations have been observed based on

224-815: A large, crescent-shaped region that encompasses the eastern and southern United States, as well as on the West Coast. Many institutions, such as the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, have fine specimens. The H. H. Hunnewell estate in Wellesley, Massachusetts, has two specimens (numbers 29 and 34) that date to the initial distribution of seed by the Arnold Arboretum in 1949. There is a small grove of dawn redwoods at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley, New York, including one tree which

280-498: A popular and fast-growing ornamental plant. If the species had not been discovered when it was, it might have become extinct before being investigated. Although it was commonly known from the fossil record from across the northern hemisphere, the dawn redwood was considered extinct until the mid-twentieth century. When the genus Metasequoia was first described in 1941, it was from Mesozoic Era fossils, none of which were less than 150 million years old. While studying fossil samples of

336-486: A single bud. The leaves (light green) are needle-like, 2 to 5 cm ( 3 ⁄ 4 to 2 in) long, slender (under 1 cm or 1 ⁄ 2  in wide). Larches are among the few deciduous conifers, which are usually evergreen. Other deciduous conifers include the golden larch Pseudolarix amabilis , the dawn redwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides , the Chinese swamp cypress Glyptostrobus pensilis and

392-544: A survey in Sichuan and Hubei provinces. Though unaware of Miki's new genus, he recognized the unique traits of the tree. Unfortunately, while he collected some plant material, he did not attempt to identify or publish his findings. This tree formed part of a local shrine, where villagers called it 水杉 (Shuǐshān or "water fir"). In 1943, Wang Zhan (Chan Wang, 1911–2000) of the National Bureau of Forest Research,

448-535: Is a fast-growing tree, exceeding 35 m (115 ft) in height and 1 m (3.3 ft) in trunk diameter by the age of 50, in cultivation (with the potential to grow to even greater dimensions). The trunk forms a distinctive "armpit" under each branch. The bark is vertically fissured and tends to exfoliate in ribbon-like strips. The largest dawn redwood recorded was an isolated specimen in China about 50 meters (160 feet) tall and 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) wide. This tree

504-414: Is almost exclusive guest of the gen. Larix . Other diseases are given by mushrooms, fungal rusts, bacteria and insects. Larch wood is valued for its tough, waterproof and durable qualities. Top quality knot -free timber is in great demand for building yachts and other small boats , for exterior cladding of buildings, and interior paneling. The timber is somewhat resistant to rot when in contact with

560-456: Is another probable hybrid still unresolved. Larches are associated with a number of mycorrhizal fungal species, including some species which primarily or only associate with larch. One of the most prominent of these species is the larch bolete Suillus grevillei . Larch is used as a food plant by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species. Larches are prone to the fungal canker disease Lachnellula ssp. (larch canker); this

616-411: Is claimed to be the world's largest by diameter. The New York City Department of Parks and Recreation has begun planting dawn redwoods on sidewalks throughout Manhattan and Brooklyn , this link maps them. Washington, D.C. 's Urban Forestry Division has planted hundreds throughout that city, including all of the street trees in the 1800 block of Redwood Terrace, NW. A dawn redwood grows outside of

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672-854: Is classified in the subfamily Sequoioideae of the family Cupressaceae . Although it is the only living species in its genus, three fossil species are known as well. The other Sequoioideae and several other genera have been transferred from the Taxodiaceae to the Cupressaceae based on DNA analysis . Studies carried out between 2007 and 2009 counted 5,371 trees primarily in Lichuan , Hubei , with much smaller groups in Shizhu , Chongqing and Longshan , Hunan . The floodplain of Metasequoia Valley in Hubei had already been turned to rice paddies by

728-461: Is established in a specific site, it is vulnerable to drought and inadequate water availability. The dawn redwood is recommended for urban areas in the Midwest, Southeast, and East Coast of North America, as its fast growth rate and tolerance for air pollution make it adaptable and able to thrive where other species might suffer. The species tends to struggle without irrigation in arid climates such as

784-546: Is now a large tree. The TROBI Champions are at Woking Park , Surrey : 22 m height by 144 cm d.b.h , Clare College , Cambridge : 21 m × 129 cm (planted 1949), and Wayford Woods , Somerset : 32 m × 99 cm. Several cultivars are available providing a range of different foliage colours and textures. The cultivar 'Golden Oji' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit . Dawn redwoods thrive over

840-467: Is now widely planted as an ornamental tree . Planted trees have already reached at least up to 1.84 meters (6.0 feet) in diameter at breast height and 41.15 meters (135.0 feet) tall, despite being in cultivation for only 70 years. This rapid rate of growth has led to consideration for using the tree in forestry plantations . It has been discovered that M. glyptostroboides will thrive in standing water, much like bald cypress , and if left branched to

896-488: Is particularly a problem on sites prone to late spring frosts, which cause minor injuries to the tree allowing entry to the fungal spores. In Canada , this disease was first detected in 1980 and is particularly harmful to an indigenous species larch, the tamarack , killing both young and mature trees. Larches are also vulnerable to Phytophthora ramorum . In late 2009 the disease was first found in Japanese larch trees in

952-547: The Arnold Arboretum on January 5, 1948, and was shipped to arboreta around the world soon after. By 1951, the species had entered the commercial horticultural trade in the United States, and following media excitement about the new discovery, including in the San Francisco Chronicle of March 25, 1948, sales soon took off. Dawn redwood has proved an easy tree to grow in temperate regions, and

1008-653: The English counties of Devon , Cornwall and Somerset , and has since spread to the south-west of Scotland. In August 2010 the disease was found in Japanese larch trees in counties Waterford and Tipperary in Ireland and in 2013 in the Afan Forest Park in south Wales . Laricifomes officinalis is another mushroom found in Europe , North America and northern Asia that causes internal wood rot. It

1064-924: The Lushan Botanical Garden within Mount Lu , Jiangxi . The dawn redwood is frequently encountered across the UK. Growth has been fastest in the south-east, but it is believed the tree may have a longer future in the more humid western regions. The first dawn redwood to be planted in the UK was at the Cambridge University Botanic Garden . The seed was not from the Arnold expedition, but came to Cambridge directly. The Botanic Garden's Annual Report for 1949 declares: 'Seeds of Metasequoia glyptostroboides, sent by Dr Silow from China to Professor F T Brooks , germinated freely. Three of

1120-609: The UCLA campus includes a dawn redwood. In North Carolina, a private endeavor is working to create a Metasequoia reserve on 50 acres of uplands in the Sauratown Mountains . Portland, Oregon, is home to some of the oldest dawn redwoods in the U.S. One specimen planted in the Hoyt Arboretum in 1948 was 103' tall at last measurement and in 1952 earned the distinction of being the first dawn redwood to bear cones in

1176-467: The dawn redwood , is a fast-growing, endangered deciduous conifer . It is the sole living species of the genus Metasequoia , one of three genera in the subfamily Sequoioideae of the family Cupressaceae. It now survives in the wild only in wet lower slopes and montane river and stream valleys in the border region of Hubei and Hunan provinces and Chongqing municipality in south-central China , notably in Lichuan county in Hubei. Although

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1232-473: The 1990s sought to resolve this problem and restore genetic diversity to cultivated M. glyptostroboides . Pizhou , Jiangsu has the longest dawn redwood avenue in the world. The avenue is approximately 60 km long with over one million trees. The Water Forest in Xinghua, Jiangsu is named after the many dawn redwood trees found there in the park. There is a large collection of dawn redwood in

1288-457: The 2000s counted and measured all wild dawn redwoods. The remaining healthy trees range from 25 cm (9.8 in) to 1.65 m (5.4 ft) wide at breast height, 12–51 m (39–167 ft) in height, and estimated 41–265 years in age. The average size was 27 m (89 ft) tall and 0.45–0.9 m (1.5–3.0 ft) wide at breast height, with an estimated age of about 95 years. (The type tree, 2.48 m (8.1 ft) at breast height,

1344-543: The American West unless planted directly on or adjacent to a body of water such as a pond or stream. This species is also highly susceptible to damage from contact with heavy amounts of winter de-icing salt. In the 1980s, it was discovered that many of the second-generation trees in cultivation suffered from inbreeding depression (extremely low genetic variability), which could lead to increased susceptibility to disease and reproductive failure. Many sources claim that

1400-589: The Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Chongqing, collected samples from an unidentified tree in the village of Moudao  [ zh ] (formerly Motaochi, Maodaoqi or Modaoxi) in Lichuan County , Hubei province—now believed to be the same tree Kan discovered. The samples were determined to belong to a tree yet unknown to science, but World War II postponed further study. Professors Zheng Wanjun (Cheng Wan-Chun) and Hu Xiansu (Hu Hsen-Hsu) made

1456-560: The Rosicrucian Research Library at Rosicrucian Park in San Jose, California, as a memorial to H. Spencer Lewis . It was planted in 1950 from a seedling from the lot brought from China by Dr. Ralph Chaney , and donated by an unnamed donor to H. Spencer Lewis's widow for this purpose. Additionally in San Jose, a dawn redwood is planted at San Jose State University . The Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden on

1512-645: The United Kingdom; as well as botanic gardens in continental Europe and worldwide. Metasequoia glyptostroboides leaves are opposite, 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) long, and bright fresh green, turning a foxy reddish brown in autumn. The pollen cones are 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long, produced on long spikes in early spring; they are produced only on trees growing in regions with hot summers. The cones are globose to ovoid, 1.5–2.5 cm (0.59–0.98 in) in diameter with 16–28 scales arranged in opposite pairs in four rows, each pair at right angles to

1568-404: The adjacent pair; they mature in about 8–9 months after pollination. While the bark and foliage are similar to another closely related genus of redwoods, Sequoia , M. glyptostroboides differs from the coast redwood in that it is deciduous, like Taxodium distichum (bald cypress). Similar to T. distichum , older trees may form wide buttresses on the lower trunk. M. glyptostroboides

1624-527: The arboretum from the Metasequoia type tree in Moudao, and trees in the nearby Metasequoia Valley (Shuishaba Valley). Hua's collecting trip returned with several kilos of seed that were distributed over the next few months for growth trials to Chinese institutions; the Arnold Arboretum, Missouri Botanic Garden, and elsewhere in the United States; botanic gardens at Kew , Edinburgh, and other locations in

1680-545: The autumn. The English name larch ultimately derives from the Latin "larigna", named after the ancient settlement of Larignum. The story of its naming was preserved by Vitruvius : It is worth while to know how this wood was discovered. The divine Caesar, being with his army in the neighbourhood of the Alps, and having ordered the towns to furnish supplies, the inhabitants of a fortified stronghold there, called Larignum, trusting in

1736-428: The bald cypresses in the genus Taxodium . The male flowers (small cones) are orange-yellowish and fall after pollination. The female flowers (or cones ) of larches are erect, small, 1–9 cm ( 1 ⁄ 2 – 3 + 1 ⁄ 2  in) long, green or purple, brown in ripening and lignify (called now strobilus ) 5–8 months after pollination; in about half the species the bract scales are long and visible, and in

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1792-494: The dawn redwood forest. In addition, the landscape has been highly modified by human use, and a 1980 expedition found that the habitat has significantly degraded since the tree's discovery. Most of the other vegetation has been cut, and most of the area is no longer suitable ground for seedlings. Between 1950 and 1980 several hundred were logged in Metasequoia Valley, some over 2 meters (6.6 feet) wide. A survey in

1848-400: The family Cupressaceae , Dr. Shigeru Miki from Kyoto University identified a divergent leaf form. He realized he had discovered a new genus, which he named Metasequoia , meaning "like a sequoia". In the same year, Kan Duo (Toh Kan, 1903–1961), professor of Forest Management, National Central University, Chongqing , (formerly Chungking) observed an enormous living specimen while performing

1904-469: The genus Larix , of the family Pinaceae (subfamily Laricoideae ). Growing from 20 to 45 metres (65 to 150 feet) tall, they are native to the cooler regions of the northern hemisphere, where they are found in lowland forests in the high latitudes, and high in mountains further south. Larches are among the dominant plants in the boreal forests of Siberia and Canada . Although they are conifers , larches are deciduous trees that lose their needles in

1960-466: The genus, with a primary division into North American and Eurasian species, and a secondary division of the Eurasian into northern short-bracted species and southern long-bracted species; there is some dispute over the position of Larix sibirica , a short-bracted species which is placed in the short-bracted group by some of the studies and the long-bracted group by others. The genus Larix belongs to

2016-409: The ground in full sun, will develop the large, contorted boles that have made bald cypress famous. Limbing or pruning at an early age will prohibit this formation later on. In cultivation, M. glyptostroboides is hardy to USDA Zone 5 , making it hardy down to lows of −25 °F (−32 °C). It is tolerant of soggy, waterlogged soils; in the wild it is adapted to growing on flood plains. Until it

2072-529: The ground, and historically was used as posts and in fencing. However, European Standard EN 350-2 lists larch as slightly to moderately durable; this would make it unsuitable for ground contact use without preservative in temperate climates, and would give it a limited life as external cladding without coatings. The hybrid Dunkeld larch is widely grown as a timber crop in Northern Europe , valued for its fast growth and disease resistance. Larch on oak

2128-680: The kind under discussion, of which there are very great numbers in that vicinity. And so, as that stronghold was called Larignum, the wood was called larch. The tallest species, Larix occidentalis , can reach 50 to 60 m (165 to 195 ft). The larch's tree crown is sparse and the branches are brought horizontal to the stem, even if some species have them characteristically pendulous . Larch shoots are dimorphic, with leaves borne singly on long shoots typically 10 to 50 cm (4 to 20 in) long and bearing several buds , and in dense clusters of 20–50 needles on short shoots only 1–2 mm ( 1 ⁄ 32 – 3 ⁄ 32  in) long with only

2184-403: The natural strength of their defences, refused to obey his command. So the general ordered his forces to the assault. In front of the gate of this stronghold there was a tower, made of beams of this wood laid in alternating directions at right angles to each other, like a funeral pyre, and built high, so that they could drive off an attacking party by throwing stakes and stones from the top. When it

2240-400: The original 1947 seedlots came from as few as one tree; however, this has proven to be false. The original seeds did have a wide range of source trees, and the inbreeding depression is more likely to come from self-pollination by isolated trees. However, the total cultivated population still had less genetic variation than the wild ones, and more widespread seed-collecting expeditions in China in

2296-409: The original settlement of the valley. Since its discovery, the dawn redwood has become something of a national point of pride, and it is protected under Chinese law and also planted widely. However, it is still listed as endangered in the wild. Cutting of trees or branches is illegal, but the demand for seedlings drives cone collection to the point that natural reproduction is no longer occurring in

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2352-525: The others, short and hidden between the seed scales. Those native to northern regions have small cones ( 1–3 cm or 1 ⁄ 2 –1 in) with short bracts, with more southerly species tending to have longer cones ( 3–9 cm or 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 – 3 + 1 ⁄ 2  in), often with exserted bracts, with the longest cones and bracts produced by the southernmost species, in the Himalayas. The seeds are winged. The larches are streamlined trees,

2408-441: The past, the cone bract length was often used to divide the larches into two sections (sect. Larix with short bracts, and sect. Multiserialis with long bracts), but genetic evidence does not support this division, pointing instead to a genetic divide between Old World and New World species, with the cone and bract size being merely adaptations to climatic conditions. More recent genetic studies have proposed three groups within

2464-403: The pivotal connection between Miki's fossil genus and the living samples in 1946, and provided the specific epithet " glyptostroboides ", after its resemblance to the Chinese swamp cypress ( Glyptostrobus ). In July 1947, the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University provided $ 250 to fund an expedition by Zheng Wanjun's assistant Hua Jingchan (Ching-Shan Hwa 1921–present) to collect seeds for

2520-591: The root system is broad and deep and the bark is finely cracked and wrinkled in irregular plaques. The wood is bicolor, with salmon pink heartwood and yellowish white sapwood. The chromosome number is 2n = 24, similar to that of most of the other trees of the family Pinaceae . The genus Larix is present in all the temperate-cold zones of the northern hemisphere , from North America to northern Siberia passing through Europe , mountainous China and Japan . The larches are important forest trees of Russia , Central Europe , United States and Canada . They require

2576-752: The seedlings have been planted out: one in the Yard at the back of the Range and two beside the Pond (now called the Lake).' The tree on the south-west side of the Lake is still living, as at July 2019. Seed distributed in the 1940s to Hillier Gardens near Winchester, UK, have thrived and are now the emblem of the gardens. A sapling planted in Stratford Park , Stroud in 1953 to commemorate the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II

2632-494: The shape of a triangle, square and circle. Katuaq contains two auditoria , the larger one seating 508 people and the smaller one 80. The big auditorium, The Hans Lynge Hall, is used for concerts, theatre, conferences, and as a cinema. Katuaq also provides meeting facilities, administrative offices and a café. Offices: Nuuk Center , the country's first shopping mall , is located right next door. Larch About 10–11; see text Larches are deciduous conifers in

2688-664: The shortest of the redwoods, it can grow to 167 ft (51 m) in height. In 1941, the genus Metasequoia was reported by paleobotanist Shigeru Miki  [ jp ] as a widely distributed extinct genus based on fossils, before attracting considerable attention a few years later when small populations were found alive in central China. It is a well-known example of a living fossil species. Modern dawn redwood appears identical to its late Cretaceous ancestors. The tree faces considerable risks of extinction in its wild range due to deforestation; however, it has been planted extensively in arboreta worldwide, where it has proved

2744-437: The size of their cones, large, medium, and small. The large cone type is found growing on mountain slopes, develops a broad canopy, seeds more readily and is more drought tolerant. The small cone type is found near stream banks, is more sensitive to drought, and develops a more uniform trunk. Together with Sequoia sempervirens (coast redwood) and Sequoiadendron giganteum (giant sequoia) of California, M. glyptostroboides

2800-667: The subfamily Laricoideae , which also includes the genera Pseudotsuga and Cathaya . There are ten accepted species of larch and one accepted hybrid, subdivided on the basis of the most recent phylogenetic investigations: Most if not all of the species can be hybridised in cultivation. Selected hybrids include: The hybrid Larix × marschlinsii , the Dunkeld larch, is an artificial hybrid L. decidua × L. sibirica that arose more or less simultaneously in Switzerland and Scotland. Larix × stenophylla Sukaczev

2856-456: The time of the tree's discovery, but was once probably a more extensive dawn redwood forest. Such a forest would have been similar to bald cypress forests in the United States, with many similar species growing in association. Nearly 3,000 trunks were found in the floor of the valley, ranging from 2 to 8 meters (6.6 to 26.2 feet) wide at the base. Additionally, houses made of Metasequoia wood 200–300 years old still exist and probably date back to

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2912-402: The whole pile had fallen. But when the fire had burned itself out and subsided, and the tower appeared to view entirely uninjured, Caesar in amazement gave orders that they should be surrounded with a palisade, built beyond the range of missiles. So the townspeople were frightened into surrendering, and were then asked where that wood came from which was not harmed by fire. They pointed to trees of

2968-484: Was in poor health and therefore excluded from the study) No seedlings were found, and if they ever do appear it is legal to remove and transplant them. The species will continue to live in yards, parks and on roadsides all over China, but the M. glyptostroboides forest ecosystem could disappear when its mature trees die. Since the tree's rediscovery, the dawn redwood has become a popular ornamental tree in parks and gardens worldwide. Dawn redwood seed arrived at

3024-473: Was killed by a lightning strike in 1951. Several dawn redwoods of this height still live in the eastern part of Metasequoia Valley, where the tree was discovered. The tree's true potential size is much larger, as logs up to 8 meters (26 feet) wide at the base have been discovered in rice paddies. The thickest and tallest dawn redwoods listed by Monumental Trees are both at Longwood Gardens , outside Kennett Square , Pennsylvania, United States. The widest has

3080-412: Was observed that they had no other missiles than stakes, and that these could not be hurled very far from the wall on account of the weight, orders were given to approach and to throw bundles of brushwood and lighted torches at this outwork. These the soldiers soon got together. The flames soon kindled the brushwood which lay about that wooden structure and, rising towards heaven, made everybody think that

3136-456: Was the traditional construction method for Scottish fishing boats in the 19th century. Larch has also been used in herbal medicine ; see Bach flower remedies and Arabinogalactan for details. Often, in Eurasian shamanism , the " world tree " is depicted as specifically a larch tree. Planted on borders with birch , both tree species were used in pagan cremations. Metasequoia glyptostroboides Metasequoia glyptostroboides ,

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