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93-478: Kavim has a fleet of 300 vehicles and a workforce of 450. Kavim's current chief executive officer is Zion Pat. In 2017, each sector had the following annual ridership: Kavim's service has often been criticized, especially in Petah Tikva . In April 2008, Avi Blustein, a member of the city council, proposed to create a committee which would inspect Kavim's operations within the city. Kavim responded that Blustein

186-539: A Baghdadi Jew , Daud abu Yusuf, who despite appearing as a Bedouin , announced “ana Israʾili,” I am Jewish , and recited the shema by way of proof. Yusuf, along with a Moroccan Jew from Jaffo , Yaʿqub bin Maymun Zirmati, was hired as a guard for colony; it was customary for European Jewish colonies to hire local Arab guards or in some cases Yemenite Jews . Both were Ottoman imperial subjects and were important cultural and linguistic go-betweens, for example in

279-579: A Jewish visitor, L.A. Frankl , found sixty-five Jewish families living in Jaffa, 'about 400 soul in all.' Of these four were shoemakers, three tailors, one silversmith and one watchmaker. There were also merchants and shopkeepers and 'many live by manual labour, porters, sailors, messengers, etc.' Until the mid-19th century, Jaffa's orange groves were mainly owned by Arabs, who employed traditional methods of farming. The pioneers of modern agriculture in Jaffa were American settlers, who brought in farm machinery in

372-606: A Modern Orthodox Hesder Yeshiva affiliated with the Religious Zionist movement, directed by Rabbi Yuval Cherlow , is also located in Petah Tikva. Additionally, Rav Michael Laitman, PhD in Philosophy and Kabbalah (see Bnei Baruch ), daily leads 200-300 students and hundreds of thousands virtually (some estimates of up to 2 million) in the method of Kabbalah learned from his teacher Rav Baruch Ashlag , known as

465-480: A base. After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War , Petah Tikva annexed all of the lands of the newly depopulated Palestinian village of Fajja . The city has suffered a series of terror attacks as a result of the ongoing regional conflict , including the bombing of a vegetable market in 1977 , and three attacks during the Second Intifada : On May 27, 2002, a suicide bomber blew himself up at a small cafe outside

558-404: A few tents covered with reeds, where pilgrims seek shelter from the heat of the sun. The sea enters the town, forming a poor and shallow harbor: it is dangerous to remain there long for fear of being driven onshore by a gust of wind. When any pilgrims disembark there, interpreters and other officers of the sultan instantly hasten to ascertain their numbers, to serve them as guides, and to receive, in

651-474: A heap of ruins when he visited in 1598. Botanist and traveller Leonhard Rauwolf landed near the site of the town on 13 September 1575 and wrote "we landed on the high, rocky shore where the town of Joppe did stand formerly, at this time the town was so demolished that there was not one house to be found." (p. 212, Rauwolf, 1582) The 17th century saw the beginning of the re-establishment of churches and hostels for Christian pilgrims en route to Jerusalem and

744-685: A naturally elevated outcrop on the Mediterranean coastline. Excavations at Jaffa indicate that the city was settled as early as the Early Bronze Age . The city is referenced in several ancient Egyptian and Assyrian documents. Biblically, Jaffa is noted as one of the boundaries of the tribe of Dan and as a port through which Lebanese cedars were imported for the construction of the Temple in Jerusalem . Under Persian rule, Jaffa

837-676: A period of Babylonian occupation , under Persian rule , Jaffa was governed by Phoenicians from Tyre. Jaffa is not mentioned in Alexander the Great 's coastal campaign, but during the Wars of the Diadochi , Antigonus Monophthalmus captured Jaffa in 315 BCE. Ptolemy I Soter later destroyed it in 312 BCE. Despite this, Jaffa was resettled and became a Ptolemaic mint site in the third century BCE. Archaeological evidence from this period includes

930-443: A pirate base. In the 3rd century CE, Jaffa was known by the name Flavia Ioppe , potentially indicating an honorary designation under Flavian rule . Despite the devastation and loss of life during the revolt, Jaffa maintained a Jewish population. Inscriptions from the early 2nd century indicate Jewish involvement in local governance. Further evidence includes Jewish epitaphs dating from the 3rd to 6th centuries, some from members of

1023-664: A position as a base for many communications firms. As such, the headquarters of the Bezeq International international phone company is located in the Kiryat Matalon industrial zone as are those of the 012 Smile Internet Service Provider . The headquarters of Tadiran Telecom are in the Ramat Siv industrial zone. Arutz Sheva , the right wing Religious Zionist Israeli media network, operates an internet radio studio in Petah Tikva, where Arutz Sheva internet TV

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1116-476: A public park. The structure is supported from a 29-metre (95 ft) high inclined steel pylon, which is situated where the three spans intersect. Light in construction, the bridge is built principally of steel with a glass-paved deck. The Red Line of the Greater Tel Aviv rapid transit / light rail system connects Petah Tikva to Bnei Brak , Ramat Gan , Tel Aviv and Bat Yam . The Red Line of

1209-635: A shopping mall, leaving two dead, including a baby; on December 25, 2003, a suicide bomber blew himself up at a bus stop near the Geha bridge, killing 4 civilians, and on February 5, 2006, a Palestinian got into a shuttle taxi, pulled out a knife, and began stabbing passengers killing two of them, but a worker from a nearby factory hit him with a log, subduing him. After the creation of the State of Israel in 1948, several adjoining villages–Amishav and Ein Ganim to

1302-533: A three-year truce between the two armies. In 1229, Frederick II signed a ten-year truce in a new Treaty of Jaffa . He fortified the castle of Jaffa and had two inscriptions carved into city wall, one Latin and the other Arabic. The inscription, deciphered in 2011, describes him as the "Holy Roman Emperor" and bears the date "1229 of the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus the Messiah." In March 1268, Baibars ,

1395-469: A total population of 3,032: 3,008 Jews, 22 Muslims and 2 Orthodox Christians. By the time the 1931 census was taken, the population had increased to 6,880 inhabitants in 1,688 houses. In 1937, it was recognized as a city. Its first mayor, Shlomo Stampfer, was the son of one of its founders, Yehoshua Stampfer . Petah Tikva, a center of citrus farming, was considered by both the British government and

1488-531: A watchtower and numerous stamped amphora handles. Additionally, the city is mentioned in several Zeno papyri . The area was transferred to Seleucid control after the Battle of Paneas in 198 BCE. Around 163–162 BCE, during the Maccabean revolt , the inhabitants of Jaffa invited the local Jews onto boats, subsequently sinking them and drowning hundreds. In retaliation, Judas Maccabeus attacked Jaffa, setting

1581-475: Is twinned with: Jaffa Jaffa ( Hebrew : יָפוֹ , romanized :  Yāfō , pronounced [jaˈfo] ; Arabic : يَافَا , romanized :  Yāfā , pronounced [ˈjaːfaː] ), also called Japho , Joppa or Joppe in English, is an ancient Levantine port city which is part of Tel Aviv-Yafo , Israel , located in its southern part. The city sits atop

1674-478: Is a large harbour frequented by all the ships coming to Filastin, and from it they set sail to all lands. Between it and Ar Ramlah the distance is 6 miles, and it lies west of Ar Ramlah." In 1432, Bertrandon de la Broquière observed that Jaffa was in ruins, with only a few tents standing. He wrote: "At Jaffa, the pardons commence for pilgrims to the Holy Land ... at present, it is entirely destroyed, having only

1767-545: Is also served by Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center , a Haredi hospital in nearby Bnei Brak. Petah Tikva's Independence Park includes a zoo at its northeastern edge, the Museum of Man and Nature, a memorial to the victims of the 1921 Arab riots, an archaeological display, Yad Labanim soldiers' memorial, a local history museum, a Holocaust museum and the Petah Tikva Museum of Art . The main stadium in Petah Tikva

1860-563: Is approximately 6,277 inhabitants per square kilometre (16,260/sq mi). Its jurisdiction covers 35,868 dunams (~35.9 km or 15 sq mi). Petah Tikva is part of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area . Petah Tikva takes its name (meaning "Door of Hope") from the biblical allusion in Hosea 2:15: "... and make the valley of Achor a door of hope." The Achor Valley , near Jericho , was the original proposed location for

1953-506: Is debated, given the term leistai (pirates) was often used pejoratively in this period. Jaffa was annexed to Syria by Pompey but later restored to Judaea by Julius Caesar , reaffirming Jewish access to the sea through their traditional port. In 39 BCE, Herod captured Jaffa from Antigonus , though control fluctuated until Octavian returned it to Herod after the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra . After Herod's death, Jaffa, along with Strato's Tower (Caesarea), Sebaste , and Jerusalem,

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2046-788: Is divided into 33 neighborhoods for municipal purposes. Petah Tikva is the second-largest industrial sector in Israel after the northern city of Haifa . The industry is divided into three zones—Kiryat Aryeh (named after Arie Shenkar, founder and first president of the Manufacturers Association of Israel and a pioneer in the Israeli textile industry), Kiryat Matalon (named after Moshe Yitzhak Matalon), and Segula, and includes textiles, metalwork, carpentry, plastics, processed foods, tires and other rubber products, and soap. Numerous high-tech companies and start-ups have moved into

2139-559: Is located as well as the printing press for its B'Sheva newspaper. The Israeli secret service, Shin Bet , has an interrogation facility in Petah Tikva. Petah Tikva is served by a large number of buses. A large number of intercity Egged buses stop there, and the city has a network of local buses operated by the Kavim company. The Dan bus company operates lines to Ramat Gan , Bnei Brak and Tel Aviv . Petah Tikva's largest bus terminal

2232-731: Is made to Jose ben Halafta (2nd century) traveling through Jaffa. Jaffa seems to have attracted serious Jewish scholars in the 4th and 5th century. The Jerusalem Talmud (compiled 4th and 5th century) in Moed Ketan references Rabi Akha bar Khanina of Jaffa; and in Pesachim chapter 1 refers to Rabi Pinchas ben Yair of Jaffa. The Babylonian Talmud (compiled 5th century) in Megillah 16b mentions Rav Adda Demin of Jaffa. Leviticus Rabbah (compiled between 5th and 7th century) mentions Rav Nachman of Jaffa. The Pesikta Rabbati (written in

2325-637: Is now a team captain. In November–December 2006 and May 2007, a salvage excavation was conducted at Khirbat Mulabbis, east of Moshe Sneh Street in Petah Tikva on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority . Four main strata (I–IV) were identified, dating to the Byzantine period (fourth–seventh centuries CE; Stratum IV), Early Islamic period (eighth–tenth centuries CE; Stratum III), Crusader period (twelfth–thirteenth centuries CE; Stratum II) and Ottoman period (Stratum I). Petah Tikva

2418-618: Is referenced in the Tony Award -winning 2016 musical The Band's Visit as the main plot derives from a mix-up between the city and the fictional town of "Bet Hatikva" in the Negev Desert of southern Israel. Petah Tikva is known for being a part of a satirical conspiracy theory which claims that it does not exist, much like the German Bielefeld conspiracy . "Free Petah Tikvah" became a meme during 2023. Petah Tikva

2511-559: Is the 11,500-seat HaMoshava Stadium . Petah Tikva has two football teams – Hapoel Petah Tikva and Maccabi Petah Tikva . The local baseball team, the Petach Tikva Pioneers , played in the inaugural 2007 season of the Israel Baseball League . The league folded the following year. In 2014, Hapoel Petah Tikva's women's football team recruited five Arab-Israeli women to play on the team. One of them

2604-581: Is the Petah Tikva Central Bus Station (Tahana Merkazit), while other major stations are located near Beilinson Hospital and Beit Rivka . Israel Railways maintains two suburban railroad stations in Segula and Kiryat Aryeh , in the northern part of the city. A central train station near the main bus station is envisioned as part of Israel Railways's long-term expansion plan. There are eight taxi fleets based in Petah Tikva, and

2697-582: The Moshavot ' ), is a city in the Central District of Israel , 10.6 km (6.6 mi) east of Tel Aviv . It was founded in 1878, mainly by Haredi Jews of the Old Yishuv , and became a permanent settlement in 1883 with the financial help of Baron Edmond de Rothschild . In 2022, the city had a population of 255,387, being so the fifth-largest city in Israel. Its population density

2790-646: The Canaanite city, where the soldiers emerged and conquered it. The story predates the story of the Trojan horse , as told by Homer , by at least two centuries. The city is also mentioned in the Amarna letters under its Egyptian name Ya-Pho ( Ya-Pu, EA 296, l.33 ). The city was under Egyptian rule until around 1200 BCE. In the Hebrew Bible , Jaffa is depicted as the northernmost Philistine city, bordering

2883-696: The Council of Ephesus in 431 CE. A very small number of its Greek or Latin bishops are known. Early Christian texts describe Jaffa as a modest settlement, with varying accounts of its prosperity and state of preservation. The New Testament account of Saint Peter bringing back to life the widow Dorcas (recorded in Acts of the Apostles , 9:36–42 , takes place in Jaffa, then called in Greek Ἰόππη ( Latinized as Joppa ). Acts 10:10–23 relates that, while Peter

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2976-574: The Israelite territories – more specifically those of Tribe of Dan (hence the modern term " Gush Dan " for the center of the coastal plain). The Israelites did not manage to take Jaffa from the Philistines. Jaffa is mentioned four times in the Hebrew Bible : as the northernmost Philistine city by the coast, bordering the territory of the Tribe of Dan ( Joshua 19:46 ); as port-of-entry for

3069-595: The Mahmoudiya Mosque and the public fountain known as Sabil Abu Nabbut . During the 1834 Peasants' revolt in Palestine , Jaffa was besieged for forty days by "mountaineers" in revolt against Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt . In 1820, Isaiah Ajiman of Istanbul built a synagogue and hostel for the accommodation of Jews on their way to their four holy cities - Jerusalem, Hebron , Tiberias and Safed . This area became known as Dar al-Yehud (Arabic for "the house of

3162-527: The Moshavot "). Originally intending to establish a new settlement in the Achor Valley , near Jericho , the settlers purchased land in that area. However, Abdülhamid II cancelled the purchase and forbade them from settling there, but they retained the name Petah Tikva as a symbol of their aspirations. In 1878, the founders of Petah Tikva learned of the availability of land northeast of Jaffa near

3255-510: The Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I , Petah Tikva served as a refugee town for residents of Tel Aviv and Jaffa , following their exile by the Ottoman authorities. The town suffered heavily as it lay between the Ottoman and British fronts during the war. In the early 1920s, industry began to develop in the Petah Tikva region. In 1921, Petah Tikva was granted local council status by

3348-631: The Tel Aviv Light Rail system is split into 2 branches upon entrance to Petah Tikva. One branch travels to an underground terminal at the Kiryat Aryeh railway station, while the other continues east to the Petach Tikva Central Bus Station. The Light Rail's train depot is also located at Kiryat Aryeh. It was opened to service on August 18, 2023. Petah Tikva's history of government goes back to 1880, when

3441-723: The United Nations published a database of companies doing business related in the West Bank , including East Jerusalem , as well as in the occupied Golan Heights . Kavim was listed on the database on account of its activities in Israeli settlements in these occupied territories, which are considered illegal under international law . Petah Tikva Petah Tikva ( Hebrew : פתח תקווה ‎ [ˈpetaχ ˈtikva] , lit.   ' Opening of Hope ' ), also known as Em HaMoshavot ( lit.   ' Mother of

3534-527: The cedars of Lebanon for Solomon's Temple ( 2 Chronicles 2:16 ); as the place whence the prophet Jonah embarked for Tarshish ( Jonah 1:3 ); and again as port-of-entry for the cedars of Lebanon for the Second Temple of Jerusalem ( Ezra 3:7 ). In the late 8th century BCE, Sennacherib , king of Assyria , recorded conquering Jaffa from its sovereign, the Philistine king of Ashkelon . After

3627-537: The diaspora , along with references in Talmudic sources to scholars associated with Jaffa. Archaeological findings from the 2nd and 3rd centuries reveal structures destroyed by fire, possibly linked to regional unrest. During the first centuries of Christianity , Jaffa was a fairly unimportant Roman and Byzantine locality, which only in the 5th century became a bishopric . The new religion arrived in Jaffa relatively late, not appearing in historical records until

3720-618: The 1192 Battle of Jaffa and subsequent Treaty of Jaffa , a truce between Richard the Lionheart and Saladin , as well as a later 1229 peace treaty . In 1799, Napoleon also sacked the town in the Siege of Jaffa , and in the First World War the British took the city in the 1917 Battle of Jaffa , and under their watch, as part of Mandatory Palestine , ethnic tensions culminated in the 1921 Jaffa riots . As an Arab majority city in

3813-547: The 1850s and 1860s, followed by the Templers and the Jews. From the 1880s, real estate became an important branch of the economy. A 'biarah' (a watered garden) cost 100,000 piastres and annually produced 15,000, of which the farming costs were 5,000: 'A very fair percentage return on the investment.' Water for the gardens was easily accessible with wells between ten and forty feet deep. Jaffa's citrus industry began to flourish in

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3906-528: The 1930s, the pioneering founders of Kibbutz Yavneh from the Religious Zionist movement immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine , settling near Petah Tikva on land purchased by a Jewish-owned German company. Refining the agricultural skills they learned in Germany, these pioneers began in 1941 to build their kibbutz in its intended location in the south of Israel, operating from Petah Tikva as

3999-488: The 9th century) in chapter 17 mentions R. Tanchum of Jaffa. Several streets and alleys of the Jaffa Flea Market area are named after these scholars. In 636 Jaffa was conquered by Arabs. Under Islamic rule, it served as a port of Ramla , then the provincial capital. Al-Muqaddasi ( c.  945 /946 – 991) described Yafah as "lying on the sea, is but a small town, although the emporium of Palestine and

4092-533: The Abu Hamed al-Masri clan. Petah Tikva was founded in 1878 by Jewish settlers from Europe, among them Yehoshua Stampfer , Moshe Shmuel Raab, Yoel Moshe Salomon , Zerach Barnett , and David Gutmann, as well as Lithuanian Rabbi Aryeh Leib Frumkin who built the first house. It was the first modern Jewish agricultural settlement in Ottoman Southern Syria (hence its nickname as "Mother of

4185-459: The Austrian post office in Jaffa wanted to open a branch in Petah Tikva, Yitzchak Goldenhirsch, an early resident, offered his assistance on condition that the Austrian consulate issued a Hebrew stamp and a special postmark for Petah Tikva. The stamp was designed by an unknown artist featuring a plow, green fields and a blossoming orange tree. The price was 14 paras (a Turkish coin) and displayed

4278-650: The Beit Rivka Geriatric Center, the Kupat Holim Medical Research Center and a private hospital, Ramat Marpeh, affiliated with Assuta Hospital. The Schneider Pediatric Center is one of the largest and most modern children's hospitals in the Middle East. In addition, there are many family health clinics in Petah Tikva as well as Kupat Holim clinics operated by Israel's health maintenance organizations . The city

4371-541: The British authorities. In May 1921, Petah Tikva was the target of an Arab attack, which left four of its Jewish inhabitants dead–an extension of the Jaffa riots of 1921 . In 1927, Petah Tikva concluded a local peace treaty with the Arabs living nearby; subsequently, Petah Tikva was untouched by the 1929 Palestine riots . According to the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities , Petah Tikva had

4464-546: The Galilee. During the 18th century, the coastline around Jaffa was often besieged by pirates and this led to the inhabitants relocating to Ramla and Lod , where they relied on messages from a solitary guard house to inform them when ships were approaching the harbour. The landing of goods and passengers was notoriously difficult and dangerous. Until well into the 20th century, ships had to rely on teams of oarsmen to bring their cargo ashore. On 7 March 1799, Napoleon captured

4557-585: The Jaffa Electric Company as a potentially important consumer of electricity for irrigation. The Auja Concession, which was granted to the Jaffa Electric Company on 1921, specifically referred to the relatively large Jewish settlement of Petah-Tikva. But, it was only in late 1929 that the company submitted an irrigation scheme for Petah-Tikva, and it was yet to be approved by the government in 1930. In 1931, Ben Gurion wrote that Petah Tikva had 5000 inhabitants and employed 3000 Arab labourers. In

4650-454: The Jews"); and was the basis of the Jewish community in Jaffa. The appointment of Mahmud Aja as Ottoman governor marked the beginning of a period of stability and growth for the city, interrupted by the 1832 conquest of the city by Muhammad Ali of Egypt . By 1839, at least 153 Sephardic Jews were living in Jaffa. The community was served for fifty years by Rabbi Yehuda HaLevi miRagusa . In

4743-525: The Ottoman era, Jaffa became known starting from the 19th century for its expansive orchards and fruits, including its namesake Jaffa orange . It was also a Palestinian hub for journalism in Mandatory Palestine in the 20th century, where Falastin and Al-Difa' newspapers were established. After the 1948 Palestine War , most of its Arab population fled or were expelled , and the city became part of then newly established state of Israel, and

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4836-907: The RABASH. Petah Tikva has two cemeteries: Segula Cemetery, east of the city, and Yarkon Cemetery, to the northeast. Six hospitals are located in the city. The Rabin Medical Center Beilinson complex includes the Beilinson Medical Center, the Davidoff Oncologic Center, the Geha Psychiatric Hospital, the Schneider Pediatric Hospital and Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Medical Research. Other medical facilities in Petah Tikva are HaSharon Hospital,

4929-442: The Roman and Byzantine periods. Archaeological remains from the Roman period are mainly found near the harbor, including rich finds like terra sigillata , a bread or cheese stamp, and coins. In the early stages of the First Jewish–Roman War in 66 CE, Cestius Gallus sent forces to Jaffa, where the city was destroyed and its inhabitants indiscriminately killed. Josephus writes that 8,400 inhabitants were massacred. Subsequently,

5022-441: The accumulation of debris and landfill over the centuries, made the hill even higher. The city as such was established at the latest around 1800 BCE. Jaffa is mentioned in an Ancient Egyptian letter from 1440 BCE. The so-called story of the Taking of Joppa glorifies its conquest by Pharaoh Thutmose III , whose general, Djehuty , hid Egyptian soldiers in sacks carried by pack animals and sent them camouflaged as tribute into

5115-404: The afternoon, the prisoners of Jaffa were marched off in the midst of a vast square phalanx formed by the troops of General Bon... The Turks, walking along in total disorder, had already guessed their fate and appeared not even to shed any tears... When they finally arrived in the sand dunes to the south-west of Jaffa, they were ordered to halt beside a pool of yellowish water. The officer commanding

5208-430: The blessed minaret, as well as the gate of this mosque...in the year 666 of the Hijra [1268 CE]. May God have mercy upon him and upon all Muslims. Abu'l-Fida (1273–1331), writing in 1321, described "Yafa, in Filastin" as "a small but very pleasant town lying on the sea-shore. It has a celebrated harbour. The town of Yafa is well fortified. Its markets are much frequented, and many merchants ply their trades here. There

5301-528: The bodies of those already dead had to be pulled away so as to finish off those unfortunate beings who, concealed under this awful and terrible wall of bodies, had not yet been struck down. Many more died in an epidemic of bubonic plague that broke out soon afterwards. Residential life in the city was reestablished in the early 19th century. The governor who was appointed after the devastation brought about by Napoleon, Muhammad Abu-Nabbut , commenced wide-ranging building and restoration work in Jaffa, including

5394-418: The city is bordered by three of the major vehicle arteries in Israel: Geha Highway ( Highway 4 ) on the west, the Trans-Samaria Highway ( Highway 5 ) on the north, and the Trans-Israel Highway ( Highway 6 ) on the east. Santiago Calatrava 's bridge, a 50 metres (160 ft) long span Y-shaped cable-stayed pedestrian three-way bridge connecting Rabin Hospital to a shopping mall, a residential development and

5487-401: The city was resettled by Jews expelled from neighboring regions, who used it to disrupt maritime commerce between Egypt and Syria . As the Romans, led by Vespasian , approached Jaffa, those Jews fled to sea but were devastated by a storm, killing 4,200 people. Those who reached shore were killed by the Romans, who subsequently destroyed Jaffa again and stationed troops to prevent its reuse as

5580-458: The city. During the operations of Antiochus VII Sidetes in Judaea, he demanded the surrender of Jaffa among other cities. Simon negotiated a settlement by agreeing to pay a smaller tribute. Simon's capture of Jaffa is praised in 1 Maccabees because of the city's strategic importance as a port. In the Hasmonean period, the city was fortified and served as the main port of Judaea. Under Hasmonean king Alexander Jannaeus (103 – 76 BCE), Jaffa

5673-462: The company's administrative offices, distribution center and sauce factory. Strauss is also based in Petach Tikva. Over time, the extensive citrus groves that once ringed Petah Tikva have disappeared as real-estate developers acquired the land for construction projects. Many new neighborhoods are going up in and around Petah Tikva. A quarry for building stone is located east of Petah Tikva. As well as general hi-tech firms, Petah Tikva has developed

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5766-503: The early 1850s, HaLevi leased an orchard to Clorinda S. Minor , founder of a Christian messianic community that established Mount Hope, a farming initiative to encourage local Jews to learn manual trades, which the Messianics did in order to pave wave for the Second Coming of Jesus. In 1855, the British Jewish philanthropist Moses Montefiore bought the orchard from HaLevi, although Minor continued to manage it. American missionary Ellen Clare Miller, visiting Jaffa in 1867, reported that

5859-445: The east (named after the biblical village (Joshua 15:34)), Kiryat Matalon to the west, towards Bnei Brak , Kfar Ganim and Mahaneh Yehuda to the south and Kfar Avraham on the north–were merged into the municipal boundaries of Petah Tikva, boosting its population to 22,000. As of 2018, with a population of over 240,000 inhabitants, Petah Tikva is the third most populous city in the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area ("Gush Dan"). Petah Tikva

5952-400: The faith of His Prophet...Sultan of Islam and the Muslims, Baybars...who came out with his victorious army on the 10th of the month of Rajab from the land of Egypt, resolved to carry out jihad and combat the intransigent infidels . He camped in the port city of Jaffa in the morning and conquered it, by God's will, in the third hour of that day. Then he ordered the erection of the dome over

6045-461: The harbor is reputed to have been the place where Andromeda was rescued by Perseus. Pliny the Elder associated the name with Iopa, daughter of Aeolus , god of the wind. The medieval Arab geographer al-Muqaddasi referred to it as Yaffa . Ancient Jaffa was built on a 40 metres (130 ft) high kurkar sandstone ridge, with a broad view of the coastline, giving it a strategic importance in military history. The tell of Jaffa, created through

6138-436: The harbor on fire, destroying ships, and killing many inhabitants, though he did not attempt to hold the city. By 147 – 146 BCE, his brother Jonathan Apphus expelled the garrison of Seleucid king Demetrius II from Jaffa but did not conquer the city. In 143 BCE, Simon Thassi established a garrison in Jaffa, expelled the non-Jewish inhabitants to prevent them from collaborating with the Seleucid commander Tryphon, and fortified

6231-399: The horse and camel trade, from the world of the Ashkenazi Jewish colonists and that of the Eastern or Maghribi Jews , today called Mizrahi Jews . A malaria epidemic broke out in 1880, forcing the abandonment of the settlements on both holdings by 1881 or 1882. Those who remained in the area moved south to Yehud . After Petah Tikva was reoccupied by Bilu immigrants in 1883, some of

6324-539: The industrial zones of Petah Tikva, which now house the Israeli headquarters for the Oracle Corporation , IBM , Intel , Alcatel-Lucent , ECI Telecom , and GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals. The largest data center in Israel, operated by the company TripleC, is also located in Petah Tikva. Furthermore, the Israeli Teva company, the world's largest generic drug manufacturer, is headquartered in Petah Tikva. One of Israel's leading food processing corporations, Osem opened in Petah Tikva in 1976 and has since been joined by

6417-417: The last quarter of the 19th century. E.C. Miller records that 'about ten million' oranges were being exported annually, and that the town was surrounded by 'three or four hundred orange gardens, each containing upwards of one thousand trees'. Shamuti or Shamouti oranges, aka " Jaffa oranges ", were the major crop, but citrons , lemons and mandarin oranges were also grown. Jaffa had a reputation for producing

6510-414: The late 1880s. The most successful enterprises were metalworking factories, among them the machine shop run by the Templers that employed over 100 workers in 1910. Other factories produced orange-crates, barrels, corks, noodles, ice, seltzer, candy, soap, olive oil, leather, alkali, wine, cosmetics and ink. Most of the newspapers and books printed in Ottoman Palestine were published in Jaffa . In 1859,

6603-400: The main one located in the city hall building. Some 70,000 Orthodox Jews live in Petah Tikva. The community of Petah Tikva is served by 300 synagogues, including the 120-year-old Great Synagogue , eight mikvaot (ritual baths) and two major Haredi yeshivot , Lomzhe Yeshiva and Or-Yisrael (founded by the Chazon Ish , Rabbi Avraham Yeshayahu Karelitz). Yeshivat Hesder Petah Tikva ,

6696-543: The name 'Petah Tikva' in Hebrew letters. David Ben Gurion lived in Petah Tikva for a few months on his arrival in Palestine in 1906. It had a population of around 1000, half of them farmers. He found occasional work in the orange groves. But, he soon caught malaria and his doctor recommended he return to Europe. The following year, after moving to Jaffa , he set up a Jewish workers organisation in Petah Tikva. During

6789-480: The name of their master, the customary tribute." In 1515, Jaffa was conquered by the Ottoman sultan Selim I . In the census of 1596, it appeared located in the nahiya of Ramla in the liwa of Gaza . It had a population of 15 households, all Muslim . They paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3 % on various products; a total of 7,520 akçe . The traveller Jean Cotwyk (Cotovicus) described Jaffa as

6882-456: The original families returned. With funding for swamp drainage provided by Baron Edmond de Rothschild , the colony became more stable. In March 1886, Arab peasants from Yahudiya attacked the Jewish colony, injuring 5, with one dying later, possibly due to aggravation of her preexisting condition. This was called the first violent clash in the Yishuv by Moshe Smilansky . Upon learning that

6975-401: The pioneers elected a council of seven members to run the new colony. From 1880 to 1921, members of the council were David Meir Guttman, Yehoshua Stampfer, Ze'ev Wolf Branda, Abraham Ze'ev Lipkis, Yitzhak Goldenhirsch, Chaim Cohen-Rice, Moshe Gissin, Shlomo Zalman Gissin and Akiva Librecht . This governing body was declared a local council in 1921, and Petah Tikva became a city in 1937. Kadima ,

7068-412: The political party founded by former Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon , had its headquarters in Petah Tikva. Petah Tikva is home to 300 educational institutions from kindergarten through high school, catering to the secular, religious and Haredi populations. There are over 43,000 students enrolled in these schools, which are staffed by some 2,400 teachers. Petah Tikva has seventeen public libraries,

7161-630: The port of Ar-Ramlah . It is protected by a strong wall with iron gates, and the sea-gates also are of iron. The mosque is pleasant to the eye, and overlooks the sea. The harbour is excellent". Jaffa was captured in June 1099 during the First Crusade , and was the centre of the County of Jaffa and Ascalon , one of the vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem . One of its counts, John of Ibelin , wrote

7254-749: The principal book of the Assizes of the Kingdom of Jerusalem . Saladin conquered Jaffa in 1187. The city surrendered to King Richard the Lionheart on 10 September 1191, three days after the Battle of Arsuf . Despite efforts by Saladin to reoccupy the city in the July 1192 Battle of Jaffa , the city remained in the hands of the Crusaders. On 2 September 1192, the Treaty of Jaffa was formally signed, guaranteeing

7347-725: The sultan of the Egyptian Mamluks , conquered Jaffa simultaneously with conquering Antioch . Baibars's goal was to conquer Christian crusader strongholds . An inscription from the White Mosque of Ramla , today visible in the Great Mosque of Gaza , commemorates the event: In the name of God the Merciful, the Compassionate ,...gave power to his servant...who has trust in him...who fights for Him and defends

7440-535: The swampland. It was Qassar's that was purchased on July 30, 1878. Tayan's holdings were purchased when a second group of settlers, known as the Yarkonim, arrived in Petah Tikva the following year. Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II allowed the purchase because of the poor quality of the land. In a microhistorical anecdote of Petah Tikva, Yehuda Raab, one of the Hungarian settlers, recalls in his memoirs meeting

7533-425: The town had a population of "about 5000, 1000 of these being Christians, 800 Jews and the rest Moslems". The city walls were torn down during the 1870s, allowing the city to expand. By the beginning of the 20th century, the population of Jaffa had swelled considerably. A group of Jews left Jaffa for the sand dunes to the north, where in 1909 they held a lottery to divide the lots acquired earlier. The settlement

7626-491: The town in what became known as the Siege of Jaffa , breached its walls, ransacked it, and killed scores of local inhabitants as a reaction to his envoys being brutally killed when delivering an ultimatum of surrender. Napoleon ordered the massacre of thousands of Muslim soldiers who were imprisoned having surrendered to the French. Napoleon's deputy commissioner of war Jacques-François Miot described it thus: On 10 March 1799 in

7719-571: The town. Tell Mulabbis, an archaeological mound in modern Petah Tikva, is an important archaeological site from the Yarkon River basin, with habitation remains from the Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader, Mamluk and Late Ottoman periods. The place was inhabited sporadically, and was known in Arabic as Mulabbis , and was the site of a Palestinian village of the same name, inhabited by

7812-420: The troops then divided the mass of prisoners into small groups, who were led off to several different points and shot... Finally, of all the prisoners there only remained those who were beside the pool of water. Our soldiers had used up their cartridges, so there was nothing to be done but to dispatch them with bayonets and knives. ... The result ... was a terrible pyramid of dead and dying bodies dripping blood and

7905-522: The village of Mulabes (or Umlabes). The land was owned by two Christian businessmen from Jaffa, Antoine Bishara Tayan and Selim Qassar, and was worked by some thirty tenant farmers. Tayan's property was the larger, some 8,500 dunams, but much of it was in the malarial swamp of the Yarkon Valley . Qassar's property, approximately 3,500 dunams, lay a few kilometers to the south of the Yarkon, away from

7998-489: Was 'hurting its good reputation out of political considerations'. In 2008, a Kavim driver was arrested for dealing drugs on his bus routes. Kavim said in response that this did not reflect the company or its drivers. On October 6, 2010, 30 buses belonging to Kavim in Afula were taken out of service following a raid by the police, due to severe safety violations, ranging from broken seats to worn out tires. On 12 February 2020,

8091-470: Was assigned to Archelaus ' ethnarchy in Judaea. The construction of Herod's superior harbor at Caesarea diminished Jaffa's regional importance. Josephus's accounts indicate that Jaffa had city status, administering surrounding districts, reflecting continued regional significance. However, he adds that the harbor at Jaffa was inferior to that of Caesarea . The population of the city during this period

8184-569: Was given to the Phoenicians . The city features in the biblical story of Jonah and the Greek legend of Andromeda . Later, the city served as the major port of Hasmonean Judea . However, its importance declined during the Roman period due to the construction of Caesarea . Jaffa was contested during the Crusades , when it presided over the County of Jaffa and Ascalon . It is associated with

8277-574: Was in Jaffa, he had a vision of a large sheet filled with "clean" and "unclean" animals being lowered from heaven, together with a message from the Holy Spirit telling him to accompany several messengers to Cornelius in Caesarea Maritima . Peter retells the story of his vision in Acts 11:4–17 , explaining how he had come to preach Christianity to the gentiles . In Midrash Tanna'im in its chapter Deuteronomy 33:19 , reference

8370-504: Was known at first as Ahuzat Bayit, but an assembly of its residents changed its name to Tel Aviv in 1910. Other Jewish suburbs to Jaffa had already been founded since 1887 , with others following until the Great War . In 1904, rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook (1864–1935) moved to Ottoman Palestine and took up the position of Chief Rabbi of Jaffa. In the 19th century, Jaffa was best known for its soap industry. Modern industry emerged in

8463-481: Was one of several coastal cities controlled by the Jews, including Straton's Tower , Apollonia , Iamnia , and Gaza . Archaeological evidence from this period is limited but includes remnants of walls, tombs from the early first century BCE, and hoards of coins. Incidents of piracy before the Roman conquest are mentioned by Josephus , who accused Aristobulus of instigating raids and acts of piracy. These claims are echoed by Diodorus and Strabo, though their reliability

8556-504: Was predominantly Jewish. Strabo , writing in the early 1st century CE, describes Jaffa as a location from which it is possible to see Jerusalem , the capital of the Jews, and writes that the Jews used it as their naval arsenal when they descended to the sea. Excavations suggest urban expansion during the Hellenistic period under Ptolemaic rule, followed by contraction under Seleucid and early Roman rule, and renewed expansion later in

8649-595: Was unified into a single municipality with Tel Aviv in 1950. Today, Jaffa is one of Israel's mixed cities , with approximately 37% of the city being Arab. The town was mentioned in Egyptian sources and the Amarna letters as Yapu . Mythology says that it is named for Yafet (Japheth), one of the sons of Noah , the one who built it after the Flood . The Hellenist tradition links the name to Iopeia , or Cassiopeia , mother of Andromeda . An outcropping of rocks near

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